277 lines
32 KiB
XML
277 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9223ceda-3eb6-4d4d-91a1-a08d3dc443d7" ID-PMC="PMC7200893" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-930-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2" ID-PubMed="32390747" ID-ZooBank="FABF3E569A1544CD9A5072DCF25AF87D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-930-37" checkinTime="1588165340049" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Semenyuk, Irina, Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas" docDate="2020" docId="4D4EE2CF60CE51CD92C58B1DB6EE3685" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 930: 37-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 930" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742" docTitle="Sphaerobelum pumatense Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="180236D4-C6AD-4682-B2C2-911BE419F552" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2" masterDocTitle="Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668168797197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Semenyuk, Irina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>A. N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia & Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Center, Street 3 Thang 2, 3, Q 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>A. N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">twesener@uni-bonn.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>930</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>60</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-930-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FABF3E569A1544CD9A5072DCF25AF87D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163875347" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:180236D4-C6AD-4682-B2C2-911BE419F552" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D4EE2CF60CE51CD92C58B1DB6EE3685" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4D4EE2CF-60CE-51CD-92C5-8B1DB6EE3685" authority="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener, 2020" authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum pumatense" order="Diplopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumatense" status="sp. nov.">Sphaerobelum pumatense</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="37">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov. (A-C) and Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938 (D-H) in the field A-C adult, enrolled, ventral view and walking, respectively D-F adults, ventral view, and enrolled, respectively G, H juvenile, enrolled and unrolling, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404782" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figs 1A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Endoterga of midbody segments, SEM micrographs. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK) B Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype C Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype D Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype E Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404784" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 3B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Holotype</emphasis>
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♂ (ZMUM Rd 4647), Vietnam, Nghe An Prov., Pu Mat National Park,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.933332">18°56'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="104.63333">104°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 200 m a.s.l., mixed tropical forest on steep slopes, on forest floor, daytime, IV.2018, I.I. Semenyuk leg.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Paratypes</emphasis>
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1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM Rd 4632), 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUM Rd 4648), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZFMK MYR8942), same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum pumatense" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumatense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum pumatense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. belongs to the group of congeners in which the mesal margin of the femur is extended into several teeth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6F</figureCitation>
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). In addition,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pumatense" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="pumatense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">S. pumatense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. shares only with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spinatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="spinatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">S. spinatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wesener, 2019 and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="nigrum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">S. nigrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wesener, 2019, both from Laos, and with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cattiense" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="cattiense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">S. cattiense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.7" author="Semenyuk, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="535 - 550" refId="B8" refString="Semenyuk, I, Golovatch, SI, Wesener, T, 2018. Four new species of giant pill-millipedes from Vietnam (Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). Zootaxa 4459 (3): 535 - 550, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.7" title="Four new species of giant pill-millipedes from Vietnam (Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.7" volume="4459" year="2018">Semenyuk et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. konkakinhense" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="konkakinhense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">S. konkakinhense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.7" author="Semenyuk, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="535 - 550" refId="B8" refString="Semenyuk, I, Golovatch, SI, Wesener, T, 2018. Four new species of giant pill-millipedes from Vietnam (Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). Zootaxa 4459 (3): 535 - 550, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.7" title="Four new species of giant pill-millipedes from Vietnam (Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.7" volume="4459" year="2018">Semenyuk et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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, both from Vietnam, a straight telopoditomere 4 of the posterior telopod (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum pumatense" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumatense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum pumatense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. differs in several unique characters from the four other species: vulval operculum not projecting mesally into a strong tip (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6H</figureCitation>
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); telopoditomere 4 of posterior telopods exceptionally slender,>5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404784" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Endoterga of midbody segments, SEM micrographs.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1938" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum bicorne" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicorne">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum bicorne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum pumatense" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumatense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum pumatense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., ♂ holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus maculatus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropoeus maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidoupensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., ♂ holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus honbaensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="honbaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropoeus honbaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Body length</emphasis>
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: holotype ♂ length ca. 27.2 mm, width of thoracic shield 15.61 mm, of tergite 7 (= broadest), 15.5 mm, height of thoracic shield, 7.9 mm, of tergite 7 (= highest), 8.2 mm; ♀ length ca. 34.8 mm, width of thoracic shield, 17.2 mm, of tergite 7, 17.9 mm (= broadest), height of thoracic shield, 9.5 mm, of tergite 7, 9.9 mm (= highest). Width of paratypes 14-17 (♂) or 15-17 mm (♀).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Coloration</emphasis>
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: both in vivo and in vitro, after>1.5 years of preservation in ethanol, similar, uniformly dark blackish brown, dark chestnut, dark grey-brown or dark reddish brown, in alcohol with posterior margin usually dark brown, paratergite depressions, groove of thoracic shield and legs dark olive to olive-brown, but several basal podomeres and distal halves of tarsi considerably lighter, orange. Antennae blackish to dark brown, but antennomeres 5 and 6 lighter, light brown to nearly orange. Tegument mosly dull to poorly shining (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov. (A-C) and Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938 (D-H) in the field A-C adult, enrolled, ventral view and walking, respectively D-F adults, ventral view, and enrolled, respectively G, H juvenile, enrolled and unrolling, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404782" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1A-C</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Head</emphasis>
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: eyes with>75 ommatidia. Aberrant ocellus located inside antennal groove. Antennae short (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6G</figureCitation>
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), with rounded joints, protruding posteriorly to leg-pair 3. Lengths of antennomeres: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 << 6. All antennomeres densely pubescent, sensilla basiconica surrounding apical disc. Shape of antennae sexually dimorphic, cylindrical in ♀, thickened, apically broadened and flattened in ♂. Apical disc with ca. 63/67 (♂) or 48/45 (♀) apical cones, respectively. Organ of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tömösváry">Toemoesvary</normalizedToken>
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located inside antennal groove.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Gnathochilarium</emphasis>
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: palpi with sensory cones arranged in a single field.
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<taxonomicName genus="Mandibles" lsidName="Mandibles" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Mandibles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: not dissected.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Stigmatic plates</emphasis>
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: first stigmatic plate rounded, apex well-rounded, straight towards coxa 1.
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<taxonomicName genus="Laterotergites" lsidName="Laterotergites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Laterotergites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: laterotergite 1 strongly elongated into a well-ronded tip. Laterotergite 2 with a broad, stout, much shorter projection.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Collum</emphasis>
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: with few setae on surface, anterior and posterior margins with 3-4 rows of short setae.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Thoracic shield</emphasis>
|
||
: surface like tergites, longer setae only in grooves. Slope towards groove without anterior, but with 3 or 4 posterior keels.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Tergites</emphasis>
|
||
: surface densely setose with short setae standing in pits. Tips of paratergites of midbody tergites slightly projecting posteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Endotergum</emphasis>
|
||
: inner section lacking any spines or setae. Middle area with a single row of large, sparse, elliptical, cuticular impressions. Distance between impressions>2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their diameter. Apically, two sparse rows of marginal bristles, tips of longest setae slightly protruding beyond tergal margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Endoterga of midbody segments, SEM micrographs. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK) B Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype C Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype D Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype E Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404784" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bristles not smooth, but barbed, with numerous small spinicles.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Anal shield</emphasis>
|
||
: large, in both sexes regularly rounded. Surface in both sexes completely covered with tiny setae located in small pits. Underside with a single, long, black, locking carina 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as width of last laterotergite. Carina located close to last laterotergite.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: leg 1 with 6, leg 2 with 7, leg 3 with 7 or 8 ventral spines. First two leg-pairs without an apical spine. Leg-pairs 4-21 with 10-12 ventral spines and one dorso-apical spine. In leg 9, femur 1.6, tarsus 4.5 times longer than wide (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). All podomeres densely setose. Coxa with a large and process dentate at margins. Coxa process absent from first and sharply projecting in second leg. Prefemur at apical margin with a projection mesally. Femur extended mesally into a dentate margin featuring 12-14 teeth.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Female sexual characters</emphasis>
|
||
: vulva large, covering half of coxa, extending mesally to anterior third of prefemur (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Operculum rounded, very slightly invaginated medially, mesal margin slightly projecting into a well-rounded lobe slightly higher than remaining operculum.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Subanal plate</emphasis>
|
||
: large and wide, centrally recessed.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Male sexual characters</emphasis>
|
||
: gonopore covered with a single, undivided, circular, sclerotized plate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Anterior telopods</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6C-E</figureCitation>
|
||
): consisting of 4 telopoditomeres distal to syncoxite. Telopoditomere 1 rectangular, as long as wide. Telopoditomere 2 large, without process, as long as telopoditomere 1. Process of telopoditomere 2 located posteriorly, visible mesally in anterior view. Process wide, well-rounded, projecting to basal part of telopoditomere 3. Telopoditomeres 3 and 4 slightly curved mesally. Telopoditomere 3 small, cylindrical, slightly shorter than telopoditomere 4, with a spine juxtaposed to process of telopoditomere 2. Telopoditomere 4 cylindrical, well-rounded, posterior side with 2-4 small spines. All telopoditomeres covered with long setae.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Posterior telopods</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-G) and ♀ paratype (H). A, B Left posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively C-E left anterior telopod, anterior, lateral and posterior views, respectively F left leg 9, anterior view G left antenna H left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404787" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): telopoditomere 1 narrow, as long as wide. Immovable finger (process of telopoditomere 2) slightly shorter than movable finger, consisting of telopoditomeres 3 and 4. Immovable finger with a characteristic, distally swollen apex, clearly rounded apically, apex only slightly wider than base. Swelling only slightly expressed basally. Telopoditomere 3 rectangular, well-rounded, apically with a clearly rounded extension carrying three small spines. Telopoditomere 4 only slightly shorter and much more slender than telopoditomere 3, 5.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, apically weakly tapering, straight, not curved, with 23 small spines at margin towards immovable finger close to tip. In anterior view, telopoditomeres 1-3 covered with setae, in posterior view telopoditomeres 2-4 more glabrous except for numerous setae at margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404785" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergal surface of midbody segments, SEM micrographs.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1938" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum bicorne" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicorne">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum bicorne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidoupensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">To emphasize the provenance from the Pu Mat National Park, adjective.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
In the field, the weather was fluctuating between very dry and hot days and several rainy days, with day temperature above the leaf litter averaging 24 °C, and night temperature averaging 21 °C, not dropping below 18.5 °C.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum pumatense" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumatense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum pumatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were quite rare in any weather conditions. The millipedes were found in forests ranging from 150 m to 400 m a.s.l., the forest canopy appeared to have been free of this species. Females were mostly hidden in leaf litter in small patches of litter on very steep slopes (60-70°), forming "living rooms", choosing places with water oozing from beneath shale so that the leaf litter was constantly wet. Males were found mainly on the forest floor at night. No juveniles were seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404786" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1938" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobelum bicorne" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicorne">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sphaerobelum bicorne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Attems, 1938, ♂ (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">A-G</emphasis>
|
||
) and ♀ (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">H</emphasis>
|
||
) from Song Thanh National Park.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
Right posterior telopod, anterior and posterior views, respectively
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
right anterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
|
||
telopoditomeres 2 and 3 of right anterior telopod, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">F</emphasis>
|
||
left leg 9, anterior view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">G</emphasis>
|
||
left antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">H</emphasis>
|
||
left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
|
||
drawn not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |