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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.96359" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2032-3921-1-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738" ModsDocID="2032-3921-156-1-59" checkinTime="1677749836928" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bidault, Ehoarn, Boupoya, Archange, Ikabanga, Davy U., Nguimbit, Igor, Texier, Nicolas, Rutishauser, Rolf, Mesterhazy, Attila &amp; Stevart, Tariq" docDate="2023" docId="282BEA40B6EC50B2A331BE248E995C15" docLanguage="en" docName="PlantEcolEvol 156(1): 59-84" docOrigin="Plant Ecology and Evolution 156 (1)" docPubDate="2023-03-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.96359" docTitle="Ledermanniella pusilla C. Cusset (Cusset 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738" masterDocTitle="Novitates Gabonenses 93: a fresh look at Podostemaceae in Gabon following recent inventories, with a new combination for Ledermanniella nicolasii" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1677749836928" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Novitates Gabonenses 93: a fresh look at Podostemaceae in Gabon following recent inventories, with a new combination for Ledermanniella nicolasii</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bidault, Ehoarn</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-8069</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa &amp; Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA &amp; Institut de Systematique, Evolution, et Biodiversite (ISYEB), Unite Mixte de Recherche 7205, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle / Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universites, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ehoarn.bidault@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Boupoya, Archange</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-8737</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Libreville, Gabon &amp; Herbier National du Gabon, Libreville, Gabon</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ikabanga, Davy U.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et de Biodiversite Vegetale, Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nguimbit, Igor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et de Biodiversite Vegetale, Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Texier, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-992X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa &amp; Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA &amp; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rutishauser, Rolf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbarium et Bibliotheque de Botanique africaine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mesterhazy, Attila</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stevart, Tariq</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-0361</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa &amp; Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA &amp; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium &amp; Centre for Ecological Research, Wetland Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Plant Ecology and Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>156</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>59</mods:start>
<mods:end>84</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.96359</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.96359</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2032-3921-1-59</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:282BEA40B6EC50B2A331BE248E995C15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/282BEA40B6EC50B2A331BE248E995C15" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3SWQ3" ID-ENA="577059" LSID="282BEA40-B6EC-50B2-A331-BE248E995C15" authority="(Warm.) C. Cusset (Cusset 1974: 273)" authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Warm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">Ledermanniella pusilla (Warm.) C.Cusset (Cusset 1974: 273)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs illustrating a selection of species treated in this paper. A, B. Inversodicraea thollonii (A: Boupoya et al. 1948; B: Boupoya et al. 1943). C. Ledermanniella aloides (Boupoya et al. 1749). D, E. Ledermanniella bifurcata (D: Boupoya et al. 1954; E: Boupoya et al. 1958). F, G. Ledermanniella pusilla (F: Boupoya et al. 1733; G: Boupoya et al. 1735). H. Ledermanniella pygmaea (H: Boupoya et al. 1764). Photographs: Archange Boupoya." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.96359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816316" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figs 6F, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution maps of Podostemaceae in Gabon. A. Ledermanniella pusilla (red diamonds), L. tenuifolia (grey circle). B. Ledermanniella pygmaea (grey circles), Macropodiella heteromorpha (red diamonds). C. Macropodiella hallaei (grey circles), Saxicolella nana (red diamonds). D. Tristicha trifaria (grey circles)." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.96359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816317" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">, 7A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sphaerothylax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphaerothylax pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">Sphaerothylax pusilla</taxonomicName>
Warm. (
<bibRefCitation author="Warming, JEB" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B59" refString="Warming, JEB, 1899. Familien Podostemaceae. Studier. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter Ser. 6 5: 105-154." title="Familien Podostemaceae. Studier. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter Ser. 6 5: 105 - 154." year="1899">Warming 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 146, pl. 39)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Dicraeanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dicraeanthus pusillus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusillus">Dicraeanthus pusillus</taxonomicName>
(Warm.) C.H.Wright (
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JG" journalOrPublisher="Flora of Tropical Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="120 - 130" refId="B4" refString="Baker, JG, Wright, CH, 1909. Podostemaceae. Flora of Tropical Africa 6 (1): 120 - 130" title="Podostemaceae." volume="6" year="1909">Baker and Wright 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 127)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inversodicraea pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">Inversodicraea pusilla</taxonomicName>
(Warm.) Engl. (
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="451 - 467" refId="B28" refString="Engler, A, 1926. Beitraege zur Flora von Afrika. LII. Podostemonaceae africanae. IV. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 60 (5): 451 - 467" title="Beitraege zur Flora von Afrika. LII. Podostemonaceae africanae. IV." volume="60" year="1926">Engler 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 461)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1896-08-10" collectorName="Bipinde, an den Lokundje-Schnellen" country="CAMEROON" elevation="70" latitude="3.0833333" location="CAMEROON" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="10.416667" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• Bipindi, in the Lokundje rapids [&quot;
<collectorName>Bipinde</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>an den Lokundje-Schnellen</collectorName>
&quot;];
<collectingDate value="1896-08-10">10 Aug. 1896</collectingDate>
; [
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="3.0833333">
3°05
<normalizedToken originalValue="’00”">'00&quot;</normalizedToken>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="10.416667">
10°25
<normalizedToken originalValue="’00”">'00&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
];
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; fl., fr.;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Zenker 1050</emphasis>
;
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: B; isotypes: BM [BM000910383], G [G00014258, G00014259], K [K000959889], L [L0035207, L0035208], M [M0108129], U [U0005651], W [W18980001777], WAG [WAG0002675]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Before 2017, this species was known from nine collections throughout its range, including two from Gabon, in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
river at
<normalizedToken originalValue="Booué">Booue</normalizedToken>
and the Ogoulou river at Mitingo. The authors and colleagues have collected this species 119 times since 2017, which makes it the most commonly collected
<taxonomicName family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="family">Podostemaceae</taxonomicName>
species of Gabon. In Gabon,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in all the rivers explored by authors and colleagues in the Monts de Cristal area, as well as the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngounié">Ngounie</normalizedToken>
, and Louetsi rivers, and the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Offooué">Offooue</normalizedToken>
and Ivindo rivers, near their confluence with the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
. This species is expected to be present in Equatorial Guinea as well as in the Republic of the Congo.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.5091/plecevo.96359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816317" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Distribution maps of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Podostemaceae</taxonomicName>
in Gabon.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Warm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Ledermanniella pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red diamonds),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. tenuifolia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey circle).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Pellegr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella pygmaea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Ledermanniella pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey circles),
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Macropodiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropodiella heteromorpha" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteromorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Macropodiella heteromorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red diamonds).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Macropodiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropodiella hallaei" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hallaei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Macropodiella hallaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey circles),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1926" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Saxicolella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxicolella nana" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Saxicolella nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red diamonds).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spreng. (Sprengel" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Bory ex Willd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Tristicha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tristicha trifaria" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifaria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tristicha trifaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey circles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
In Gabon, rapids in rivers from ca 10 to 650 m wide, 35-590 m in elevation. It is usually abundant where encountered, forming dense and large mats. Flowers and fruits were collected in July, August, and September, as well as in January, February, and November outside of Gabon. In the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
river, it seems to share micro-habitats with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inversodicraea annithomae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annithomae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Inversodicraea annithomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="I. thollonii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thollonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">I. thollonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella aloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Ledermanniella aloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Macropodiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropodiella hallaei" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hallaei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Macropodiella hallaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spreng. (Sprengel" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Bory ex Willd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Tristicha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tristicha trifaria" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifaria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tristicha trifaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is also often the only species found in rapid areas of small forested rivers in the Monts de Cristal area. In Gabon, this species is very ecologically tolerant, being found in slow or fast-flowing water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
The Gabonese material corresponds to the specific concept of Cusset, who already noticed the ability of this species to produce stemless fertile shoots as well as developed stems. The recent collections mostly comprise stemless individuals, but some collections (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1751</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">1935</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">1936</emphasis>
) show elongated stems up to 4 cm long. The root morphology appears also quite variable, with most collections displaying ribbon-like roots up to 3 mm wide, but sometimes also crustose root, up to 8 mm in diameter (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1467</emphasis>
, for instance). All leaves are linear, varying in length (up to 2.5 cm long in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1935</emphasis>
), with a good proportion of them being dichotomously divided at least once, the proportion varying depending on the collection. Exceptionally, all leaves can be entire, which brings the question of the validity of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. linearifolia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. linearifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species, endemic to southern Cameroon, always shows entire thread-like leaves up to 2 cm and may represent a local form of the more widespread
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, both
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. linearifolia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. linearifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the same subclade within the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Ledermanniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Dyad group (see molecular data and illustrations in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/509607" author="Moline, P" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="159 - 180" refId="B43" refString="Moline, P, Thiv, M, Ameka, GK, Ghogue, J-P, Pfeifer, E, Rutishauser, R, 2007. Comparative morphology and molecular systematics of African Podostemaceae - Podostemoideae, with emphasis on Dicraeanthus and Ledermanniella from Cameroon. International Journal of Plant Sciences 168: 159 - 180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/509607" title="Comparative morphology and molecular systematics of African Podostemaceae - Podostemoideae, with emphasis on Dicraeanthus and Ledermanniella from Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/509607" volume="168" year="2007">Moline et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6A-G;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0214-4" author="Thiv, M" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B57" refString="Thiv, M, Ghogue, J-P, Grob, V, Huber, K, Pfeifer, E, Rutishauser, R, 2009. How to get off the mismatch at the generic rank in African Podostemaceae? Plant Systematics and Evolution 283(1-2): 57-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0214-4" title="How to get off the mismatch at the generic rank in African Podostemaceae? Plant Systematics and Evolution 283 (1 - 2): 57 - 77." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0214-4" year="2009">Thiv et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01258.x" author="Koi, S" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="461 - 492" refId="B40" refString="Koi, S, Kita, Y, Hirayama, Y, Rutishauser, R, Huber, KA, Kato, M, 2012. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Podostemaceae: implications for taxonomy of major groups. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 169: 461 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01258.x" title="Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Podostemaceae: implications for taxonomy of major groups." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01258.x" volume="169" year="2012">Koi et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). While in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most leaves bear stipules, some are also lacking such features, sometimes on single shoots. Exceptionally, some double-sheathed leaves (between two spathellae on a single stemless fertile shoot) can show up to four stipules (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1731</emphasis>
). Double-sheathed leaves are a peculiarity of many podostemoid members in America and Africa, always positioned at the fork of dichotomously branching stems (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_40" author="Cook, CDK" editor="Kubitzki, K" journalOrPublisher="Eudicots. Springer, Berlin &amp; Heidelberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="304 - 344" refId="B14" refString="Cook, CDK, Rutishauser, R, 2007. Podostemaceae. In: Kubitzki, K, Ed., Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Springer, Berlin &amp; Heidelberg: 304 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_40" title="Podostemaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_40" volumeTitle="Flowering Plants." year="2007">Cook and Rutishauser 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 306;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/509607" author="Moline, P" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="159 - 180" refId="B43" refString="Moline, P, Thiv, M, Ameka, GK, Ghogue, J-P, Pfeifer, E, Rutishauser, R, 2007. Comparative morphology and molecular systematics of African Podostemaceae - Podostemoideae, with emphasis on Dicraeanthus and Ledermanniella from Cameroon. International Journal of Plant Sciences 168: 159 - 180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/509607" title="Comparative morphology and molecular systematics of African Podostemaceae - Podostemoideae, with emphasis on Dicraeanthus and Ledermanniella from Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/509607" volume="168" year="2007">Moline et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 163). One collection showed a couple of flowers having only one stamen (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1725</emphasis>
), and a couple of flowers amongst the several hundred observed showed three stigmas instead of two. Despite important morphological variability,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the combination of pollen as dyads, leaves distichously arranged, linear, and almost never strictly entire, flowers with (usually) stalked spathellae, almost always bearing two stamens, among other minor characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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