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<mods:title id="AC434C9D3C30E8D2E9CF1378983E60CD">Fourteen new species of demosponges (Porifera) from three coastal fjords in southern British Columbia, Canada</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="678A1495C802FFA1CD9DFB88FDED276E" authority="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey, 2024" authorityName="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,550,1069,1096]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavoaurantiaca" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CD9DFB88FF29276E" bold="true" box="[151,226,1069,1096]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Antho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CDF9FB8BFE9E276E" bold="true" box="[243,341,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Acarnia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CC6CFB88FDED276E" bold="true" box="[358,550,1069,1096]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">flavoaurantiaca</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="89CD0E7FC802FFA1CF24FB8BFDBB276E" box="[558,624,1070,1096]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<uri id="D41B6314C802FFA1CD9DFBF4FC03274A" box="[151,968,1105,1132]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="D42C55C3C802FFA1CCADFBF4FC03274A" box="[423,968,1105,1132]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">C8ECF029-6BA3-4725-8EBB-F584002980AD</uuid>
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<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC802FFA1CD9DFBD3FEC827B6" box="[151,259,1142,1168]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C802FFA1CD9DFBD3FEC827B6" blockId="24.[151,968,1069,1168]" box="[151,259,1142,1168]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CD9DFBD3FEC827B6" box="[151,259,1142,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC802FFA1CD9DFB18FE2427DA" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C802FFA1CD9DFB18FE2427DA" blockId="24.[151,1437,1213,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CD9DFB18FED927F1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1213,1239]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Thin encrusting orange sponge, spreading irregularly, spicules include subtylostyles, acanthostyles and palmate isochelas; lacks toxas.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC802FFA1CDCDFAA3FB7C2606" box="[199,1207,1286,1312]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CDCDFAA3FE832606" bold="true" box="[199,328,1286,1312]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Etymology</emphasis>
Species name references the yellowish orange colour of specimens examined.
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,
<materialsCitation id="10E2654BC802FFA1CE26FA33FBAD2696" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876419373" box="[812,1126,1430,1456]" collectorName="Prominent Pt." location="Knight Inlet" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName id="0D7F0AC0C802FFA1CE26FA33FC002696" box="[812,971,1430,1456]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Prominent Pt.</collectorName>
,
<location id="A55539CDC802FFA1CED3FA33FBAD2696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2823DE00C802FFA3CD9DFB88FD322147:A55539CDC802FFA1CED3FA33FBAD2696" box="[985,1126,1430,1456]" name="Knight Inlet" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Knight Inlet</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="10E2654BC802FFA1C97EFA33FC4226F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876419397" collectingDate="2018-05-09" collectionCode="BC" collectorName="N. McDaniel" elevation="10" latitude="50.667717" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-126.01015" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="C69BF7D3C802FFA1C97EFA33FB572696" box="[1140,1180,1430,1456]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">BC</collectionCode>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C5BE09D1C802FFA1C9A0FA30FA872696" box="[1194,1356,1429,1456]" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="40.063" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="50.667717">50° 40.063 N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C5BE09D1C802FFA1C86DFA33FF3426F2" degrees="126" direction="west" minutes="0.609" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="-126.01015">126° 0.609 W</geoCoordinate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="0D7F0AC0C802FFA1CC49FA1FFE1326F2" box="[323,472,1466,1492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">N. McDaniel</collectorName>
,
<date id="D43449D6C802FFA1CCEEFA1FFDA526F2" box="[484,622,1466,1492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" value="2018-05-09">
<collectingDate id="C470B03EC802FFA1CCEEFA1FFDA526F2" box="[484,622,1466,1492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" value="2018-05-09">9 May 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<elevation id="2BA78825C802FFA1CF70FA1FFD3026F2" box="[634,763,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="6772C2F3C802FFA1CF70FA1FFD7826F2" box="[634,691,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<specimenCount id="B68CA49FC802FFA1CE0DFA1FFC4226F2" box="[775,905,1466,1492]" count="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CE9EFA1CFB8126F5" bold="true" box="[916,1098,1465,1491]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Other Material</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="10E2654BC802FFA1C958FA1FFECF253A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876419339" collectingDate="2016-01-05" collectionCode="BC" collectorName="Sakinaw Rock &amp; Sechelt Inlet &amp; N. McDaniel" elevation="25" latitude="33.997" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-48.15" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="NM 320" specimenCount="1">
Stn.
<specimenCode id="F02CC76DC802FFA1C98CFA1FFB2C26F2" box="[1158,1255,1466,1492]" collectionCode="NM" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">NM 320</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="0D7F0AC0C802FFA1C9F8FA1FFA5326F2" box="[1266,1432,1466,1492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Sakinaw Rock</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0D7F0AC0C802FFA1CD9DFA7BFEE326DE" box="[151,296,1502,1528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Sechelt Inlet</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="C69BF7D3C802FFA1CC3EFA7BFE9726DE" box="[308,348,1502,1528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">BC</collectionCode>
, 49
<geoCoordinate id="C5BE09D1C802FFA1CC87FA7BFDCA26DE" box="[397,513,1502,1528]" degrees="33.997" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="33.997">33.997° N</geoCoordinate>
/ 123
<geoCoordinate id="C5BE09D1C802FFA1CF41FA78FD0D26DE" box="[587,710,1501,1528]" degrees="48.150" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="-48.15">48.150° W</geoCoordinate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="0D7F0AC0C802FFA1CE01FA7BFC6A26DE" box="[779,929,1502,1528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">N. McDaniel</collectorName>
,
<date id="D43449D6C802FFA1CEA7FA78FB9626DE" box="[941,1117,1501,1528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" value="2016-01-05">
<collectingDate id="C470B03EC802FFA1CEA7FA78FB9626DE" box="[941,1117,1501,1528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" value="2016-01-05">5 January 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<elevation id="2BA78825C802FFA1C963FA78FB2726DE" box="[1129,1260,1501,1528]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="25.0">
<quantity id="6772C2F3C802FFA1C963FA78FB6826DE" box="[1129,1187,1501,1528]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 1 non-voucher specimen
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC802FFA0CDCDF980FC3923DF" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C802FFA1CDCDF980FE9A2519" blockId="24.[151,1437,1213,2032]" box="[199,337,1573,1599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CDCDF980FE9A2519" bold="true" box="[199,337,1573,1599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0356F16C802FFA1CDCDF9EFFAF7258A" blockId="24.[151,1437,1213,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CDCDF9EFFEE42542" bold="true" box="[199,303,1610,1636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">External</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation id="10E2654BC802FFA1CC34F9EFFAF7258A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876419392" collectionCode="RBCM" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="RBCM 018-00130, 003" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CC34F9EFFE092542" box="[318,450,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
)
<typeStatus id="7F31D1B4C802FFA1CCDBF9EFFDF22542" box="[465,569,1610,1636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="F02CC76DC802FFA1CF4BF9EFFCDC2542" box="[577,791,1610,1636]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="Museum">RBCM 018-00130</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="F02CC76DC802FFA1CE14F9EFFC822542" box="[798,841,1610,1636]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="Museum">003</specimenCode>
. Thin encrusting
<quantity id="6772C2F3C802FFA1C906F9ECFB4A2542" box="[1036,1153,1609,1636]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.51 mm</quantity>
. Surface smooth, nubbly. Colour orange brown. Consistency easily torn. Growing on a boulder. The sponge covered an area approximately
<quantity id="6772C2F3C802FFA1C88AF9CBFF32258A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 15 cm</quantity>
across as shown in
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CCD2F937FD90258A" box="[472,603,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
, including partly covering the valves of the three small barnacles.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0356F16C802FFA1CDCDF910FC72243E" blockId="24.[151,1437,1213,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CDCDF910FEE525E9" bold="true" box="[199,302,1717,1743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CC37F913FE0B25F6" box="[317,448,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
) Ectosome composed of a dense layer of tangentially oriented subtylostyles apparently without order. Choanosome composed of basal plate with acanthostyles head end embedded in the plate and a dense layer of acanthostrongyles adjacent to the plate and randomly arranged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0356F16C802FFA0CDCDF884FC3923DF" blockId="24.[151,1437,1213,2032]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C802FFA1CDCDF884FEE2241D" bold="true" box="[199,297,1825,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CC3CF887FD94241A" box="[310,607,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figures 10C, D, E, F and G</figureCitation>
) Stylotornotes, large acanthostyles, small acanthostyles, acanthostrongyles and palmate isochelas. Stylotornotes (
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CF31F8E3FD762446" box="[571,701,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10C</figureCitation>
) straight with long apices; heads only slightly swollen. The tips of heads may be microspined, dimension range 108250 x 3.98.6 µm. Large acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1C960F8CFFB2024A2" box="[1130,1259,1898,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
) slightly curved to long apices, spine up to one quarter length, dimension range 80935 x 7.831.2 µm. Small acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1C85BF82BFF0D24EA" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10E</figureCitation>
) mostly straight, two thirds to entirely spined, dimension range 75224 x 7.820.8 µm. Acanthostrongyles (
<figureCitation id="38B17393C802FFA1CD95F873FED524D6" box="[159,286,2006,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figure 10F</figureCitation>
) most slightly curved, inequiended, entirely spined, dimension range 57140 x 7.826/0 µm. Palmate isochelas (
<figureCitation id="38B17393C803FFA0CC07FF32FE592397" box="[269,402,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[151,1436,342,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figure 10G</figureCitation>
) small, moderately curved, with a slightly raised central dorsal ridge extending to within ¼ of the two tips, palmate alae equal and 1/3 chord length, lateral alae narrow, same length as palmate alae, dimension range 8.231.2 µm.
<tableCitation id="ED085AADC803FFA0CC73FF7AFE0723DF" box="[377,460,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="26.[152,245,656,680]" captionText="TABLE 9. Antho (Acarnia) flavoaurantiaca n. sp. spicule dimensions (µm)." pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Table 9</tableCitation>
lists spicule dimensions of specimens examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC803FFA0CDCDFEA7FBC5223B" box="[199,1038,258,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C803FFA0CDCDFEA7FBC5223B" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,321]" box="[199,1038,258,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CDCDFEA7FE92223A" bold="true" box="[199,345,258,284]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Distribution</emphasis>
Howe Sound, Sechelt and Knight Inlets, BC;
<quantity id="6772C2F3C803FFA0CE54FEA6FC0A223B" box="[862,961,259,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">1020 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC803FFA0CDCDFE82FA5A2267" box="[199,1425,295,321]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C803FFA0CDCDFE82FA5A2267" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,321]" box="[199,1425,295,321]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CDCDFE82FEED2267" bold="true" box="[199,294,295,321]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Ecology</emphasis>
Forms encrustations up to
<quantity id="6772C2F3C803FFA0CF5CFE82FD502267" box="[598,667,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in diameter on bedrock and often overgrowing
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C803FFA0C9B8FE82FA882267" box="[1202,1347,295,321]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Balanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0C9B8FE82FAC52267" box="[1202,1294,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Balanus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
shells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F4F53F9EC803FFA0CD92F82DFAD624E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11610791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11610791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11610791/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" startId="25.[152,255,1928,1952]" targetBox="[151,1436,342,1902]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C803FFA0CD92F82DFAD624E2" blockId="25.[151,1437,1928,1988]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CD92F82DFEEE2486" bold="true" box="[152,293,1928,1952]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C803FFA0CC21F82DFDB22486" authority="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey, 2024" authorityName="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey" authorityYear="2024" box="[299,633,1928,1952]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavoaurantiaca" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CC21F82DFEA32486" box="[299,360,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Antho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CC7CF82DFE0324B9" box="[374,456,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Acarnia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CCDDF82DFDB22486" box="[471,633,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">flavoaurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92FEB304C803FFA0CF75F82DFD732486" bold="true" box="[639,696,1928,1952]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="89CD0E7FC803FFA0CF75F82DFD732486" box="[639,696,1928,1952]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype RBCM 018-00130-003 (A) In-situ. (B) Skeleton cross section. (C) Stylotornotes. (D) Large ancanthostyles. (E) Small acanthostyle. (F) Acanthostrongyle. (G) Palmate isochelas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E8903C9DC800FFA3CDCDFF32FD322147" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A0356F16C800FFA3CDCDFF32FD322147" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CDCDFF32FEFF2397" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Remarks</emphasis>
The maximum length of large acanthostyles varies considerably amongst the specimens collected, but is not considered a sufficient difference to warrant separate species. Three
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CEFCFF1EFB6023F3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1014,1195,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CEFCFF1EFBF223F3" box="[1014,1081,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Antho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C942FF1EFB6923F3" box="[1096,1186,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Acarnia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
species are located in the North Pacific:
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CC6FFF7AFD0223DF" authority="Sim &amp; Lee, 1998" authorityName="Sim &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1998" box="[357,713,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Hamigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bakusi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CC6FFF7AFEB623DF" box="[357,381,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CC87FF7AFE6D23DF" box="[397,422,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CCBCFF7AFE3423DF" box="[438,511,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">bakusi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C41B12E7C800FFA3CF0CFF7AFD0223DF" author="Sim, C. J. &amp; Lee, K. J." box="[518,713,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref31165" refString="Sim, C. J. &amp; Lee, K. J. (1998) Three new species of Poecilosclerid sponge from Korea. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 21 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 12265071.1998.9647386" type="journal article" year="1998">Sim &amp; Lee, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CFDEFF7AFC3C23DF" authority="(Bakus, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Bakus" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[724,1015,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="illgi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CFDEFF7AFD2623DF" box="[724,749,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CFF6FF7AFCDE23DF" box="[764,789,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CE2FFF7AFC9923DF" box="[805,850,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">illgi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C41B12E7C800FFA3CE6BFF7AFC2423DF" author="Bakus, J. G." box="[865,1007,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="415 - 531" refId="ref25574" refString="Bakus, J. G. (1966) Marine poeciloscleridan sponges of the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. Journal of Zoology, 149 (4), 415 - 531, pls. I, II. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1966. tb 02994. x" type="journal article" year="1966">Bakus, 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3C92CFF7AFB6A23DF" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[1062,1185,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Plocamilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C92CFF7AFB6A23DF" box="[1062,1185,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Plocamilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3C9EAFF7AFEFD223B" authority="(Tanita, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Tanita" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C9EAFF7AFB3223DF" box="[1248,1273,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C803FF7AFAEA23DF" box="[1289,1313,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C83BFF7AFA5723DF" box="[1329,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">spinulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C41B12E7C800FFA3CD95FEA6FEE5223B" author="Tanita, S." box="[159,302,259,285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref31513" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita, 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CC6CFEA6FDC2223B" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[358,521,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CC6CFEA6FDC2223B" box="[358,521,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CF28FEA6FC78223B" authority="Sim &amp; Lee, 1998" authorityName="Sim &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1998" box="[546,947,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bakusi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CF28FEA6FDAE223B" box="[546,613,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Antho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CF7CFEA6FD45223B" box="[630,654,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CF95FEA6FD23223B" box="[671,744,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">bakusi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C41B12E7C800FFA3CFFAFEA6FC78223B" author="Sim, C. J. &amp; Lee, K. J." box="[752,947,259,285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref31165" refString="Sim, C. J. &amp; Lee, K. J. (1998) Three new species of Poecilosclerid sponge from Korea. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 21 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 12265071.1998.9647386" type="journal article" year="1998">Sim &amp; Lee, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="D89D2F86C800FFA3C995FEA6FB2D223B" box="[1183,1254,259,285]" name="South Korea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="6772C2F3C800FFA3C9F8FEA7FAE7223B" box="[1266,1324,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
depth. Its habitus and colour are similar to
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CCF0FE82FD312267" authority="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey, 2024" authorityName="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey" authorityYear="2024" box="[506,762,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavoaurantiaca" status="n. sp." subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CCF0FE82FDC02267" box="[506,523,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CF2BFE82FDF92267" box="[545,562,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CF4DFE82FD312267" box="[583,762,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">flavoaurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CFF5FE82FCF02267" bold="true" box="[767,827,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="89CD0E7FC800FFA3CFF5FE82FCF02267" box="[767,827,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
but the ectosomal spicules are oriented perpendicularly and the sponge has a cortical layer between the ectosome and choanosome. Toxas are present but uncommon.
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3C853FEEEFE5622AF" authority="(Bakus, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Bakus" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="illgi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C853FEEEFA572243" box="[1369,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Antho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CDABFECAFF7222AF" box="[161,185,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CDC3FECAFF3D22AF" box="[201,246,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">illgi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C41B12E7C800FFA3CC0CFECAFE5E22AF" author="Bakus, J. G." box="[262,405,367,393]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="415 - 531" refId="ref25574" refString="Bakus, J. G. (1966) Marine poeciloscleridan sponges of the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. Journal of Zoology, 149 (4), 415 - 531, pls. I, II. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1966. tb 02994. x" type="journal article" year="1966">Bakus, 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described from Puget Sound, Washington State, a number of specimens from low tide to
<quantity id="6772C2F3C800FFA3CDBDFE36FF38228B" box="[183,243,403,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="31.0">31 m</quantity>
depth. Habitus and colour were similar to
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CFE3FE36FC38228B" authority="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey, 2024" authorityName="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey" authorityYear="2024" box="[745,1011,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavoaurantiaca" status="n. sp." subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CFE3FE36FCCA228B" box="[745,769,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CE1EFE36FCE6228B" box="[788,813,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CE4AFE36FC38228B" box="[832,1011,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">flavoaurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CEF7FE36FBF5228B" bold="true" box="[1021,1086,403,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="89CD0E7FC800FFA3CEF7FE36FBF5228B" box="[1021,1086,403,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
but the choanosome principle megascleres are styles not acanthostyles and the sponge complement includes toxas.
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3C972FE12FF1222D3" authority="(Tanita, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Tanita" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C972FE12FB5B22F7" box="[1144,1168,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C9AEFE12FB7722F7" box="[1188,1212,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C9DAFE12FAF022F7" box="[1232,1339,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">spinulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C41B12E7C800FFA3C844FE12FF1B22D3" author="Tanita, S." pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="39 - 63" refId="ref31513" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, 39 - 63." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita, 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="D89D2F86C800FFA3CCCEFE7EFDCC22D3" box="[452,519,475,501]" name="Japan" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Japan</collectingCountry>
; no depth or colour in life were provided. Habitus was irregularly massive with a hispid surface, not encrusting. Tanitas sponge lacks acanthostyles, has rare arcuate isochelas and toxas. None of the three previously described North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CF6BFD86FCDC211B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[609,791,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CF6BFD86FD6F211B" box="[609,676,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Antho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CFBEFD86FCC5211B" box="[692,782,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Acarnia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="678A1495C800FFA3CEFCFD86FB32211B" authority="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey, 2024" authorityName="Ott &amp; Mcdaniel &amp; Humphrey" authorityYear="2024" box="[1014,1273,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavoaurantiaca" status="n. sp." subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3CEFCFD86FBCC211B" box="[1014,1031,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C914FD86FBE4211B" box="[1054,1071,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C94CFD86FB32211B" box="[1094,1273,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">flavoaurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="89CD0E7FC800FFA3C80AFD86FAF4211B" box="[1280,1343,547,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">
<emphasis id="92FEB304C800FFA3C80AFD86FAFC211B" bold="true" box="[1280,1335,547,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The BC species is a range extension into the Northeast Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>