treatments-xml/data/DB/6C/AD/DB6CAD8741BC3A2A23B51CBE19F6A4D8.xml

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<mods:title id="943A49A2F11356AE211E47EB8E9BB8D3">Revision of the Bahamian cave-fishes of the genus Lucifuga (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae), with description of a new species from islands on the Little Bahama Bank.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42A29296C277ECE59A81079153F30E9A">Peter R. Møller</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A30C09CADFD38C30678D8012015D9527">Werner Schwarzhans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85165F194DF9E3FF3D219B91CE37B669">Thomas M. Iliffe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6639594027D5602B75F6144D07DE9FE">Jørgen G. Nielsen</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="DB6CAD8741BC3A2A23B51CBE19F6A4D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100117810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB6CAD8741BC3A2A23B51CBE19F6A4D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6CAD8741BC3A2A23B51CBE19F6A4D8" lastPageNumber="25" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="31F133BFE4A84F60715008663D190027" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3614A3D966E4E2B7B5CF30DC61F78881" pageNumber="23">
[[ Genus 
<taxonomicName id="07720BAB7CA829279366BD3FEC429930" ID-CoL="5H5K" ID-ENA="670422" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEE7B86E-F937-4C39-B378-5EE7B2637113" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Poey 1858:95" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lucifuga Poey</taxonomicName>
]]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E02783DFA6E7EA8C10381F9E4562316" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DAF00E3F9E6CE2B6357E78DB4E29A0F4" pageNumber="23">Introduction</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A65F74077139DA92B826B73E57DFE5EF" lastPageNumber="24" pageNumber="23">
Our knowledge about the bythitid cave-fishes of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="BB09F617CE8DB255F7BD6B2790FADF5E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEE7B86E-F937-4C39-B378-5EE7B2637113" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Poey 1858:95" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lucifuga Poey</taxonomicName>
was summed up by Cohen &amp; McCosker (1998) and more recently in a FAO species catalogue of ophidiiform fishes (Nielsen et al. 1999). The genus was formerly split in two, based on presence 
<pageStartToken id="C0C40F1A672A55B688C9A86B9B3AA2DC" pageNumber="24">(</pageStartToken>
<taxonomicName id="96F43C77CCE739A46C570EDD0618619C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D606ED90-F18B-400F-9003-9789CA4B3924" family="Bythitidae" genus="Stygicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Stygicola Gill 1863:252" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stygicola Gill</taxonomicName>
) or absence (
<taxonomicName id="6FD3485759E60F970019928045EB19FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEE7B86E-F937-4C39-B378-5EE7B2637113" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Poey 1858:95" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lucifuga Poey</taxonomicName>
) of palatine teeth (Gill 1863). 
<taxonomicName id="9DA9723D83DD3BAD78EEEEB6F7A82072" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stygicola">Stygicola</taxonomicName>
was lowered to subgeneric rank by Cohen &amp; Robins (1970) and has been used commonly (e.g. Cohen &amp; Nielsen 1978; Nalbant 1981; Cohen &amp; McCosker 1998; Romaro &amp; Paulson 2001). Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses by Vergara (1980, 1981) did not support this subdivision of the genus, and in Nielsen et al. (1999) and Nielsen (2002) it was abandoned without arguments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52E01F14EC9A468848C68D78E254D892" pageNumber="24">
Presently six species are recognised: 4 from Cuba, 1 from the Bahamas and 1 from off Galapagos. The latter, 
<taxonomicName id="D600F9D1C096C3F310F6EB96670C378D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8C21CF8-3D01-4E94-B201-FDAB7A8D1733" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Stygicola inopinata Cohen &amp; McCosker 1998:180" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inopinata">L. inopinata Cohen &amp; McCosker, 1998</taxonomicName>
, was included with some uncertainty due to strong affinities to 
<taxonomicName id="EA90AD8934BB674401E1C2F450B9E8C9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:119BCD41-E268-4F15-99B4-2F3B3A2B3665" family="Bythitidae" genus="Calamopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Calamopteryx Böhlke &amp; Cohen 1966:2" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
Calamopteryx 
<normalizedToken id="6FD5A21934443E89C91583C934672DD3" originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
&amp; Cohen, 1966
</taxonomicName>
(Cohen &amp; McCosker 1998; 
<normalizedToken id="767C64468FC74D796EBEE5F0D33ED292" originalValue="Møller">Moller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2004a). It is not included in the present paper, but will be treated separately in a subsequent paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E26A26A3E620122C3879B2A2F21CEB7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4BD2E6A1820935613FD96B7542EE6D77" pageNumber="24">
The Bahamian species 
<taxonomicName id="4A39777AFFFAC51F7580445C8F66148A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04E3045B-4882-46AD-9081-948ADE55A3F6" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Stygicola spelaeotes Cohen &amp; Robins 1970:135" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaeotes">L. spelaeotes Cohen &amp; Robins, 1970</taxonomicName>
was described from two specimens from a brackish water sinkhole (Mermaid’s Pool) on New Providence Island. Since then it has been collected and/ or reported several times from marine blue holes and inland caves on seven additional islands so that the total list of localities includes:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24F9082D1E58DE4D74B5044DEDB70366" pageNumber="24">Little Bahama Bank Islands:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFBD215437E392A8C58B0AF958A9A3CA" pageNumber="24">
1. Grand Bahama Island: Lucayan Caverns (Yager 1981, Yager &amp; Williams 1988, Smith -Vaniz &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="EA306B2876DD5E3ED6C0D7AF9D724484" originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
1991); Zodiac Caverns (Palmer 1985b, Cunliffe 1985)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71EB424568079CBA02F03EC52529577C" pageNumber="24">
2. Abaco Island: Inland sink hole (Smith -Vaniz &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="73333FED96D126718D32FEF847E28C06" originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
1991)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99A99ED3C3A18E373612BFDFDA6D5E75" pageNumber="24">Great Bahama Bank Islands:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1DAA5698543B8F449F4C257E7B6F5F9" pageNumber="24">3. Berry Islands (Proudlove 2001)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CAD7EB06680C7FE49D6CBF6C6CD69B3" pageNumber="24">4. Andros Island: ocean blue holes (Proudlove 1984, B. Kakuk in litt. (in Cohen &amp; McCosker 1998)); Uncle Charlie’s Blue Hole (Farr &amp; Palmer 1984, Proudlove 1984)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35BE2A8CD0D68F388F7E1685FE8CC61C" pageNumber="24">5. New Providence Island: Mermaid’s Pool (Cohen &amp; Robbins 1970); R.M. Bailey School Cave (R. Attrill web page a)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD9A6EA4554E0FF68E014C77A7ED6BA9" pageNumber="24">6. Eleuthera Island: Nixon’s Blue Hole (B. Kakuk pers. comm., J. Dougherty pers. comm.); Sink Hole (A. Leggett pers. comm.)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38DAF0B82485B1A28FB9DB703FF29FAF" pageNumber="24">7. Great Exuma Island: Angelfish Blue Hole (B. Kakuk pers. comm.)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5529E388C6CA3127129925C01A446896" pageNumber="24">8. Long Island: (J. Yager in litt. (in Cohen &amp; McCosker 1998))</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E52AEF366567801F23E45BF3E5670E44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A4463E3336100CC75C4C0755F19CD7D4" lastPageNumber="25" pageNumber="24">
The Bahamas consist of two major banks: The Great Bahama Bank is a large, shallow water carbonate platform that also includes the major islands of New Providence, Bimini, Andros, Cat, Eleuthera, Great Exuma and Long Island. The Great Bahama Bank is separated from the Little Bahama Bank (containing the major Islands Grand Bahama and Abaco) by the Northeast (3800 to 4700 m deep) and Northwest (700 to 2800 m deep) Providence Channels. The banks are made up of limestone of shallow water origin having been deposited to a depth of at least 4500 m since the Cretaceous. Numerous caves and 
<pageStartToken id="2354D7A8D96D2BB35D738E862B61DF91" pageNumber="25">solutional</pageStartToken>
karst features are present on most islands. In the Bahamas, such partially or totally submerged cave systems, occurring both inland and on the seabed, are referred to as “blue holes”. On Long Island for example, more than 60 blue holes are listed on topographic maps. Most notable of these is Dean's Blue Hole -the World's deepest marine cave reaching depths of 200 m (Wilson 1994).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F34B06DBDD69C4CF1CF3D0EFA96162D" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C2421B7AD726610C2FF396F0774ACE46" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04E3045B-4882-46AD-9081-948ADE55A3F6" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Stygicola spelaeotes Cohen &amp; Robins 1970:135" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaeotes">Lucifuga spelaeotes</taxonomicName>
is often referred to as the blind Bahamian cave-fish, but actually all specimens have small, developed eyes. Because of this and the presence of palatine teeth and 10 caudal finrays, 
<taxonomicName id="C1B082E33CB66481423D014BA5286929" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04E3045B-4882-46AD-9081-948ADE55A3F6" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Stygicola spelaeotes Cohen &amp; Robins 1970:135" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaeotes">L. spelaeotes</taxonomicName>
has been regarded the most primitive/ ancestral species of the Atlantic 
<taxonomicName id="07C892547E80A416B3E908F6A686FDDA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEE7B86E-F937-4C39-B378-5EE7B2637113" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Poey 1858:95" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lucifuga</taxonomicName>
spp., compared to the Cuban species with even more reduced eyes, 8 caudal finrays and no palatine teeth (except present in 
<taxonomicName id="FC0F3C15C265D9986481D02618221362" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentata">L. dentata</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3A49418CFA8EDC8A82B96C140674C75F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4CF16E7E-6EC2-4B20-82A7-D48BE1619BD5" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga simile Nalbant 1981:189" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simile">L. simile</taxonomicName>
) (Cohen and Robins 1970, Vergara 1980).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0965284BC60034372FAE3BA62DB1F9D7" pageNumber="25">
Despite the new records and collections, morphological data have only been published from the two type specimens and thus no information on the variability and ontogeny of the species is available. During examination of 50 specimens (42-166 mm SL) collected at seven different islands, it became obvious that at least two species are represented in the Bahamas. One new species is here described and 
<taxonomicName id="A350C499CC459384AB848026756C5754" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04E3045B-4882-46AD-9081-948ADE55A3F6" family="Bythitidae" genus="Lucifuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lucifuga Stygicola spelaeotes Cohen &amp; Robins 1970:135" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaeotes">L. spelaeotes</taxonomicName>
is redescribed based on additional material (44 vs. 2 specimens).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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