treatments-xml/data/63/43/87/634387D1A364FF811774FF0CFE263ACB.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280376" ID-GBIF-Dataset="647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124407412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280376" checkinTime="1471630429166" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Piotr Naskrecki" docDate="2000" docId="634387D1A364FF811774FF0CFE263ACB" docLanguage="en" docName="Naskrecki_KCR_2000.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Philadelphia, PA: The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Caulopsis Redtenbacher 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="9F7AFFA9A32AFFCE167AFFC3FFF13C6E" masterDocTitle="Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato)." pageId="78" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1645797358202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato).</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Piotr Naskrecki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued>2000</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,</mods:publisher>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.270035</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124407412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:634387D1A364FF811774FF0CFE263ACB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/634387D1A364FF811774FF0CFE263ACB" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection box="[270,620,207,229]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="78.[270,620,207,229]" box="[270,620,207,229]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<heading box="[270,620,207,229]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="Redtenbacher, 1891" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1891" box="[270,620,207,229]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[270,409,207,228]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">CAULOPSIS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[415,620,207,229]" journalOrPublisher="Ges. Wien" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" pagination="315 - 562" part="41" refString="Redtenbacher, J. 1891. Monographie der Conocephaliden, Verh. k. k. zool. - botan. Ges. Wien, 41, 315 - 562." title="Monographie der Conocephaliden, Verh. k. k. zool. - botan" type="journal article" year="1891">Redtenbacher, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,694,266,376]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,199,266,287]" journalOrPublisher="Ges. Wien" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" pagination="315 - 562" part="41" refString="Redtenbacher, J. 1891. Monographie der Conocephaliden, Verh. k. k. zool. - botan. Ges. Wien, 41, 315 - 562." title="Monographie der Conocephaliden, Verh. k. k. zool. - botan" type="journal article" year="1891">1891</bibRefCitation>
Redtenbacher, Monogr. Conoceph.: 376; 
<typeStatus box="[631,678,267,288]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Redtenbacher, 1891" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1891" box="[296,678,295,317]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis box="[296,467,295,316]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Caulopsis gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[473,678,295,317]" journalOrPublisher="Ges. Wien" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" pagination="315 - 562" part="41" refString="Redtenbacher, J. 1891. Monographie der Conocephaliden, Verh. k. k. zool. - botan. Ges. Wien, 41, 315 - 562." title="Monographie der Conocephaliden, Verh. k. k. zool. - botan" type="journal article" year="1891">Redtenbacher, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,694,266,376]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
1999 Naskrecki and Otte, Illustr. Cat. Orthop. I (
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<collectionCode box="[209,268,354,376]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">ROM</collectionCode>
) &gt;&gt;full references
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,741,412,1432]" box="[151,262,412,434]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,262,412,434]" fontSize="9" level="13" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" reason="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,262,412,434]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,741,412,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
Body very slender; both sexes macropterous (
<figureCitation box="[638,715,442,464]" captionStart="FIG. 18" captionStartId="80.[151,195,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[151,1349,204,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1350,204,1604]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIG. 18. Costa Rican species of Caulopsis. A, C-F. C. microprora: A. female - habitus, C. female face, D. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, E. male cerci, dorsal view, F. male cerci, posterior view; B. C. cuspidata - ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270054/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
A, 36B); tegumen smooth to moderately rugose. Fastigium of vertex 2 to 3 times broader than scapus, 2 to 5 times longer than eye diameter; no traces of genal carinae present; mandibles and labrum strongly asymmetrical; eyes small. All legs slender, armed on lower margins with minute spines. Male cercus armed apically with 2 incurved spines; ovipositor straight, with upper and lower margins parallel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,741,412,1432]" box="[151,601,706,728]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,280,706,728]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Description</emphasis>
(male except where specified)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,741,412,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis box="[174,254,735,756]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Head.—</emphasis>
Fastigium of vertex 2 to 3 times as wide as scapus, blunt or pointed apically, 2 to 5 times as long as diameter of eye; fastigium of vertex touching fastigium of frons, rarely fastigia separated (
<figureCitation box="[489,570,823,845]" captionStart="FIG. 18" captionStartId="80.[151,195,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[151,1349,204,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1350,204,1604]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIG. 18. Costa Rican species of Caulopsis. A, C-F. C. microprora: A. female - habitus, C. female face, D. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, E. male cerci, dorsal view, F. male cerci, posterior view; B. C. cuspidata - ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270054/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
A, 18C-D). Eyes small relative to size of head, weakly protruding. Frons flat or weakly convex, smooth; tegumen of head smooth to weakly rugose, without traces of genal carinae; face very slender. Mandibles and labrum strongly asymmetrical (right mandible smaller) (
<figureCitation box="[458,530,970,992]" captionStart="FIG. 18" captionStartId="80.[151,195,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[151,1349,204,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1350,204,1604]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIG. 18. Costa Rican species of Caulopsis. A, C-F. C. microprora: A. female - habitus, C. female face, D. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, E. male cerci, dorsal view, F. male cerci, posterior view; B. C. cuspidata - ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270054/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,741,412,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis box="[174,372,999,1021]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Thorax and wings.—</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of pronotum smooth to weakly rugose, flat; anterior dorsal margin straight, posterior one straight or weakly convex; lateral lobes with posterior angle broadly rounded; humeral sinus well developed. Thoracic auditory spiracle large, elliptical, completely hidden under lateral lobe of pronotum; posterior edge of spiracle with small, finger-like projection. Prosternum armed with two thin, long, widely separated spines (modified basisternum); meso- and metasternum with lateral lobes of basisterna small, triangular, their inner margins touching; posterior part of metasternum strongly compressed causing hind coxa to nearly touch one another.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,741,412,1432]" lastBlockId="78.[771,1361,207,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
Wings in both sexes fully developed, well surpassing apices of hind 
<taxonomicName box="[304,381,1410,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
; tegmina slender. Stridulatory apparatus of male well developed; stridulatory area of left wing membranous, without a network of secondary veinlets; stridulatory file (vein AA1) weakly sinusoidal (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG. 48" captionStartId="146.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[219,1290,204,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[219,1290,204,1636]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIG. 48. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Sphyrometopa femorata, C. Sphyrometopa atlantica, C. ditto, enlarged fragment, D. Eppia truncatipennis, enlarged fragment, E. ditto, entire file, F. Caulopsis cuspidata, entire file, G. ditto, enlarged fragment, H. Caulopsis microprora, enlarged fragment, I. ditto, entire file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270084/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Figs. 48</figureCitation>
F-I), teeth in proximal third of file much smaller and more densely arranged than in distal portion; mirror of right wing circular or somewhat longer than wide. Posterior margin of tegmen weakly concave; apex of tegmen broadly rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[771,1361,207,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis box="[794,868,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Legs.—</emphasis>
All legs long and slender; fore coxa with an elongate, forward projecting spine dorsally. All 
<taxonomicName box="[1284,1359,471,493]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
unarmed dorsally; fore and mid 
<taxonomicName box="[1125,1200,501,523]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
unarmed ventrally, rarely with minute spines on anterior margins; genicular lobes of 
<taxonomicName box="[964,1039,559,581]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
unarmed or armed with short spines, often only inner genicular lobes armed. Fore and mid tibiae unarmed dorsally, both ventral margins with immovable spines as long as 1/4 to 1/2 diameter of tibia; hind tibia armed on all four dorsal and ventral margins; apex of tibia with two pairs of ventral and one pair of dorsal movable spurs. Tympanum on fore tibia bilaterally closed, tympanal slits facing forward, tympanal area only weakly swollen, with pair of small, elongated pits below tympanal slits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[771,1361,207,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis box="[794,915,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Abdomen.—</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of abdominal terga smooth, unmodified. Male 10th tergite with shallow apical emargination, supraanal plate small, triangular. Male cercus slender, with 2 apical spines, both bent inwards under acute angle; upper spine 1/3 to 1/2 as long as lower spine; both spines with apices curved downwards when seen from behind (
<figureCitation box="[914,992,1029,1051]" captionStart="FIG. 18" captionStartId="80.[151,195,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[151,1349,204,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1350,204,1604]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIG. 18. Costa Rican species of Caulopsis. A, C-F. C. microprora: A. female - habitus, C. female face, D. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, E. male cerci, dorsal view, F. male cerci, posterior view; B. C. cuspidata - ovipositor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270054/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
E-F); female cercus, simple, slender and weakly incurved. Subgenital plate of male with pair of styli, distinct median keel, and shallow, triangular apical emargination; female subgenital plate with posterior margin straight or weakly emarginated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[771,1361,207,1432]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Male concealed genitalia without well developed titillators but with part of phallic membrane partially sclerotized and covered by small chitinous callosities. Ovipositor narrow, weakly but noticeably curved down; as long as or longer than hind femur; both dorsal and ventral margins of ovipositor smooth, parallel; apex of upper valvula sharp, slightly thickened.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[771,1361,207,1432]" lastBlockId="79.[174,763,595,1701]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis box="[794,934,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Coloration.—</emphasis>
Coloration usually uniformly green, rarely brown; green individuals sometimes with dorsum of head, pronotum and posterior edges of tegmina ochre or tan; sometimes edges of pronotum with lighter stripes. Stridulatory area of male tegmina light brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="78.[151,1342,1474,1636]" box="[151,868,1474,1496]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1474,1495]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">TABLE 12.</emphasis>
Key for identification of Costa Rican species of 
<taxonomicName box="[773,868,1474,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caulopsis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,1342,1474,1636]" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
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<tr box="[151,1342,1530,1552]" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<th box="[151,258,1530,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Species</th>
<th box="[272,504,1530,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Ovipositor</th>
<th box="[529,683,1530,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Mirror</th>
<th box="[756,1072,1530,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Stridulatory file</th>
<th box="[1096,1342,1530,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Fastigium</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1342,1586,1636]" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<th box="[151,258,1586,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName box="[151,243,1586,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis box="[151,243,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[272,504,1586,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
at most as long as hind femur (
<figureCitation box="[412,481,1614,1636]" captionStart="FIG. 17" captionStartId="76.[151,195,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[151,1352,204,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1352,204,1593]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIG. 17. Metacaputus brenesi. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. female subgenital plate, ventral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270053/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B)
</td>
<td box="[529,683,1586,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">slightly longer than wide</td>
<td box="[756,1072,1586,1636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
proximal end strongly curved 1.75 mm long (
<figureCitation box="[913,984,1614,1636]" captionStart="FIG. 46" captionStartId="144.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[230,1291,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[230,1292,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIG. 46. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Bucrates capitatus, B. ditto, enlarged fragment, C. Bucrates clausus, enlarged fragment, D. ditto, entire file, E. Pyrgocorypha rogersi, entire file, F. ditto, enlarged fragment, G. Pyrgocorypha hamata, enlarged fragment, H. ditto, entire file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270082/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
F)
</td>
<td box="[1096,1342,1586,1636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">usually thick and blunt</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1342,1670,1720]" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<heading box="[151,500,1670,1692]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" reason="4">
<th box="[151,258,1670,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<heading box="[151,258,1671,1692]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[151,258,1671,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microprora">
<emphasis box="[151,258,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">microprora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</th>
<td box="[272,504,1670,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<heading box="[272,500,1670,1692]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" reason="4">distinctly longer than</heading>
hind femur (
<figureCitation box="[405,476,1698,1720]" captionStart="FIG. 17" captionStartId="76.[151,195,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[151,1352,204,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1352,204,1593]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIG. 17. Metacaputus brenesi. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. female subgenital plate, ventral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270053/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A)
</td>
</heading>
<td box="[529,683,1670,1720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
<heading box="[529,683,1670,1692]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="78" pageNumber="75" reason="4">nearly circular</heading>
</td>
<td box="[756,1072,1670,1720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">
proximal end nearly straight 1.4 mm long (
<figureCitation box="[901,972,1698,1720]" captionStart="FIG. 46" captionStartId="144.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[230,1291,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[230,1292,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIG. 46. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Bucrates capitatus, B. ditto, enlarged fragment, C. Bucrates clausus, enlarged fragment, D. ditto, entire file, E. Pyrgocorypha rogersi, entire file, F. ditto, enlarged fragment, G. Pyrgocorypha hamata, enlarged fragment, H. ditto, entire file." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270082/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
I)
</td>
<td box="[1096,1342,1670,1720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="75">usually pointed</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BF95664FA365FF8116D4FF0DFD103D6F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BF95664FA365FF8116D4FF0DFD103D6F" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" targetBox="[174,1336,290,537]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="79">
<caption box="[174,724,206,228]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,1320,206,424]" box="[174,724,206,228]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,285,206,227]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
Body measurements of species of 
<taxonomicName box="[634,724,206,227]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caulopsis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,1320,206,424]" box="[174,737,234,257]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">(all measurements are lengths in mm: range, mean±SD)</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,1320,206,424]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<table box="[174,1336,290,537]" gridcols="6" gridrows="3" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<tr box="[174,1336,290,312]" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<th box="[174,275,290,312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Species</th>
<th box="[295,475,290,312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Body with wings</th>
<th box="[506,687,290,312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Tegmen</th>
<th box="[739,885,290,312]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Pronotum</th>
<th box="[930,1110,290,312]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Hind femur</th>
<th box="[1156,1336,290,312]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Ovipositor</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1336,346,424]" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<th box="[174,275,346,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName box="[174,262,346,367]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis box="[174,262,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male female
</th>
<td box="[295,475,346,424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">38.3-39.9, 39±0.6 42.7-48.6, 45±2.8</td>
<td box="[506,687,346,424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">29.3-31.3, 30.3±0.9 33.2-37.9, 35.1±2.2</td>
<td box="[739,885,346,424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">4.4-4.9, 4.7±0.2 4.6-5.5, 5.1±0.4</td>
<td box="[930,1110,346,424]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">13-15.4, 13.9±1.1 14.1-16.4, 15.2±1.1</td>
<td box="[1156,1336,346,424]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">na 13-16.4, 14.9±1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[174,1336,459,537]" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<th box="[174,275,459,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<heading box="[174,275,459,480]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[174,275,459,480]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microprora">
<emphasis box="[174,275,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">microprora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
male female
</th>
<td box="[295,475,459,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">35.9-43.3, 37.7±2.4 47.2-57.2, 53±3.3</td>
<td box="[506,687,459,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">28-33.9, 29.4±1.9 37.1-44.2, 40.6±2.5</td>
<td box="[739,885,459,537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">4.3-4.8, 4.4±0.2 5.5-6.1, 5.8±0.2</td>
<td box="[930,1110,459,537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">11.7-14.4, 13.1±0.8 16.1-19.1, 17.6±1</td>
<td box="[1156,1336,459,537]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">na 20.3-23.1, 21.6±0.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,763,595,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis box="[196,310,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Remarks.—</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName box="[440,535,685,706]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[440,535,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by 12 described species, distributed from 
<collectingRegion box="[561,667,715,737]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">California</collectingRegion>
through 
<collectingCountry box="[174,253,745,767]" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<collectingRegion box="[174,253,745,767]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, the Caribbean and 
<collectingRegion box="[457,535,745,767]" country="Paraguay" name="Central" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Central</collectingRegion>
America to 
<collectingCountry box="[659,758,746,767]" name="Paraguay" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<collectingRegion box="[659,758,746,767]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[174,248,776,798]" name="Bolivia" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry box="[298,406,776,798]" name="Argentina" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Argentina</collectingCountry>
in South America. In 
<collectingCountry box="[631,742,776,798]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
it is represented by 2 species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,763,595,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName box="[196,289,836,857]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[196,289,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[598,762,836,857]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Neoconocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[598,762,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Neoconocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as the Old World genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Serville. In" authorityName="Serville. In" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pseudorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[511,671,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Pseudorhynchus</emphasis>
Serville. In
</taxonomicName>
fact, some species of the latter are morphologically indistinguishable from 
<emphasis box="[418,519,926,947]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName box="[418,515,926,947]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caulopsis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and this may represent another case of solely geographic separation of the two “genera,” similar to that of genera 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName box="[581,759,986,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Neoconocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoconocephalus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[174,259,1016,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ruspolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ruspolia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis box="[312,475,1016,1037]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName box="[312,471,1016,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Euconocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euconocephalus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,763,595,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName box="[196,291,1047,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[196,291,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily identified among other 
<collectingRegion box="[683,762,1047,1069]" country="Paraguay" name="Central" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Central</collectingRegion>
American 
<taxonomicName box="[287,458,1077,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conocephalinae">Conocephalinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[466,494,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">s.l.</emphasis>
by its extremely slender body form and strongly asymmetrical mouthparts. From the somewhat similar, albeit always larger and more robust species of 
<taxonomicName box="[331,497,1167,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Neoconocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[331,497,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Neoconocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs in having much longer and more conical fastigium of vertex, which is always touching the fastigium of frons. Also, the metasternum is strongly compressed in its posterior part in all species of 
<taxonomicName box="[279,373,1288,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[279,373,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resulting in the hind coxa being very close together, nearly touching in some species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="76" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="79.[174,763,595,1701]" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">
Little is known about the biology of Costa Rican species of the genus. 
<taxonomicName box="[359,565,1378,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microprora">
<emphasis box="[359,565,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis microprora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is locally common in swampy areas covered with long grasses. The species is nocturnal and seems to feed exclusively on both seeds and leaves of grasses (in captivity some individuals somewhat reluctantly ate carrots but refused to eat any fruit or insect food). 
<taxonomicName box="[348,540,1529,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis box="[348,540,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been observed feeding on a variety of grass species as well as leaves of 
<taxonomicName box="[174,263,1589,1610]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[174,263,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. within lowland secondary forest. 
<bibRefCitation author="Zayas, d., F" box="[635,762,1589,1611]" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Cientifico-Tecnica, La Habana" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" pagination="58 - 101" refString="Zayas, d., F. 1974. Orden Orthoptera, In: Entomofauna Cubana, Vol. 3, Editorial Cientifico-Tecnica, La Habana, pp. 58 - 101." title="Orden Orthoptera" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Entomofauna Cubana, Vol. 3" year="1974">Zayas (1974)</bibRefCitation>
reports this species to be an economically important pest species of rice in 
<collectingCountry box="[342,400,1649,1671]" name="Cuba" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Cuba</collectingCountry>
. Nothing is known about the acoustic behavior of 
<taxonomicName box="[328,420,1679,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[328,420,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="76">Caulopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>