296 lines
33 KiB
XML
296 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280426" checkinTime="1471630429166" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Piotr Naskrecki" docDate="2000" docId="634387D1A344FFBF1503FAAAFAF03F6C" docLanguage="en" docName="Naskrecki_KCR_2000.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Philadelphia, PA: The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Pluviasilva Naskrecki, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="110" masterDocId="9F7AFFA9A32AFFCE167AFFC3FFF13C6E" masterDocTitle="Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato)." pageId="110" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1645797358202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato).</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Piotr Naskrecki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2000</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Philadelphia, PA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.270035</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">270035</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6280426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6280426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:634387D1A344FFBF1503FAAAFAF03F6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/634387D1A344FFBF1503FAAAFAF03F6C" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph blockId="110.[889,1243,1385,1407]" box="[889,1243,1385,1407]" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">
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<heading box="[889,1243,1385,1407]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="14" pageId="110" pageNumber="107" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Naskrecki" authorityName="Naskrecki" box="[889,1163,1385,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[889,1047,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">PLUVIASILVA</emphasis>
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Naskrecki
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</taxonomicName>
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, gen. n.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="110.[771,1320,1443,1465]" box="[771,1320,1443,1465]" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">
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<typeStatus box="[771,823,1444,1465]" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName box="[917,1076,1443,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levis" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[917,1076,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">Pluviasilva levis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1082,1140,1444,1465]" pageId="110" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, here designated
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="110" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="110.[771,1361,1501,1728]" box="[771,882,1501,1523]" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">
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<heading bold="true" box="[771,882,1501,1523]" fontSize="9" level="13" pageId="110" pageNumber="107" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,882,1501,1523]" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="110.[771,1361,1501,1728]" lastBlockId="111.[174,762,207,258]" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">
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Body slender; both sexes macropterous (
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<figureCitation box="[1247,1333,1530,1552]" captionStart="FIG. 29" captionStartId="112.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@112.[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIG. 29. Species of Pluviasilva. A, C, F-J. P. levis: A. male - habitus, C. ovipositor, F. male cerci, lateral view, G. male cerci, dorsal view, H. titillators, I. male head and pronotum, dorsal view, J. male face; B, D-E. P. mexicana: B. male - habitus, D. male cerci, lateral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="107">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
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A- B); tegumen smooth, glossy. Fastigium of vertex almost lamelliform, narrower than scapus; tegumen of head smooth, no traces of genal carinae present; frons flat or weakly convex; eyes small. All legs slender, armed on lower margins with minute spines. Male cercus unarmed, flattened laterally and dorso-ventrally expanded apically; ovipositor straight, slightly expanded midlength, apex blunt.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="108" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[174,763,294,1727]" box="[174,624,294,316]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,303,294,316]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Description</emphasis>
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(male except where specified)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[174,763,294,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[196,277,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Head.—</emphasis>
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Fastigium of vertex almost lamelliform, at its base as broad as 2/3 of scapus; fastigium with distinct longitudinal furrow dorsally (
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<figureCitation box="[482,560,380,403]" captionStart="FIG. 29" captionStartId="112.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@112.[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIG. 29. Species of Pluviasilva. A, C, F-J. P. levis: A. male - habitus, C. ovipositor, F. male cerci, lateral view, G. male cerci, dorsal view, H. titillators, I. male head and pronotum, dorsal view, J. male face; B, D-E. P. mexicana: B. male - habitus, D. male cerci, lateral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
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I-J). Eyes small relative to size of head, not particularly protruding. Frons flat or weakly convex, smooth; tegmen of head smooth, without traces of genal carinae; face slender.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[174,763,294,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[196,395,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Thorax and wings.—</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface of pronotum smooth and glossy, flat; both anterior and posterior dorsal margins straight (
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<figureCitation box="[318,390,553,575]" captionStart="FIG. 29" captionStartId="112.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@112.[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIG. 29. Species of Pluviasilva. A, C, F-J. P. levis: A. male - habitus, C. ovipositor, F. male cerci, lateral view, G. male cerci, dorsal view, H. titillators, I. male head and pronotum, dorsal view, J. male face; B, D-E. P. mexicana: B. male - habitus, D. male cerci, lateral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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Fig.
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<date box="[364,398,553,575]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" value="1929-01">29I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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); lateral lobes with posterior angle broadly rounded. Thoracic auditory spiracle large, elliptical, completely hidden under lateral lobe of pronotum; posterior edge of spiracle with small, finger-like projection. Prosternum armed with two thin, widely separated spines (modified basisternum); meso- and metasternum with basisterna approximately triangular, almost vertical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[174,763,294,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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Wings in both sexes fully developed, surpassing apices of hind
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<taxonomicName box="[293,368,812,834]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[381,461,812,835]" captionStart="FIG. 29" captionStartId="112.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@112.[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIG. 29. Species of Pluviasilva. A, C, F-J. P. levis: A. male - habitus, C. ovipositor, F. male cerci, lateral view, G. male cerci, dorsal view, H. titillators, I. male head and pronotum, dorsal view, J. male face; B, D-E. P. mexicana: B. male - habitus, D. male cerci, lateral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
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A-B). Stridulatory apparatus of male well developed; stridulatory file (vein AA1) weakly sinusoid (
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<figureCitation box="[361,441,870,892]" captionStart="FIG. 51" captionStartId="149.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[212,1337,204,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@149.[212,1338,204,1667]" captionTargetPageId="149" captionText="FIG. 51. Stridulatory files of Costa Rican species of Conocephalinae s. l. A. Subria sylvestris, C. Podacanthophorus maylinae, C. Podacanthophorus alas, D. Podacanthophorus vargasi, E. Pluviasilva levis, F. Pluviasilva mexicana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270087/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Figs. 51</figureCitation>
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E-F), broad, lamelliform teeth; stridulatory area of both wings with no secondary venation; mirror of right wing slightly longer than high, with weak veinlet closely parallel to AA1. Posterior margin of front wing straight or weakly concave; apex of front wing narrowly rounded.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[174,763,294,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[196,270,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Legs.—</emphasis>
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Fore coxa with an elongate, forward projecting spine dorsally; middle and hind coxa with ventral spinelike lobes on posterior margins; all trochanters unarmed. All
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<taxonomicName box="[210,284,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
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unarmed dorsally but armed ventrally on both margins (sometimes posterior ventral margin of fore femur unarmed); genicular lobes of all
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<taxonomicName box="[560,635,1187,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sphyrometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femora">femora</taxonomicName>
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armed with short spines, outer (anterior) spine usually slightly longer than inner (posterior) one; spines on fore femur usually less developed. Front tibia unarmed dorsally, both ventral margins with immovable spines as long as diameter of tibia. Tympanum on fore tibia bilaterally closed, tympanal slits facing forward, tympanal area moderately swollen, with pair of small pits below tympanal slits; middle tibia unarmed dorsally, ventrally armed on both margins; hind tibia armed on all four dorsal and ventral margins; apex of tibia with two pairs of ventral and one pair of dorsal movable spurs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[174,763,294,1727]" lastBlockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[196,317,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Abdomen.—</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface of abdominal terga smooth, unmodified. Male 10th tergite strongly sclerotized, convex and smooth, devoid of hairs except for its apical portion between and on shallow, horizontal lobes formed by hind margin of tergite (
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<figureCitation box="[442,521,1648,1670]" captionStart="FIG. 29" captionStartId="112.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@112.[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIG. 29. Species of Pluviasilva. A, C, F-J. P. levis: A. male - habitus, C. ovipositor, F. male cerci, lateral view, G. male cerci, dorsal view, H. titillators, I. male head and pronotum, dorsal view, J. male face; B, D-E. P. mexicana: B. male - habitus, D. male cerci, lateral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
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D-G). Female 10th tergite with deep furrow along midline, narrowly incised apically. Supraanal plate small, rounded, completely hidden under 10th tergite; male cercus unarmed, cylindrical except for apical portion laterally flattened and somewhat dorso-ventrally expanded; female cercus, simple, narrowly conical. Subgenital plate of male with a pair of styli and shallow apical emargination; female subgenital plate small, with hind margin straight or with shallow emargination.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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Epiphallus with a pair of sclerotized, blunt convexities, covered by the phallic membrane but without well developed, strongly sclerotized titillators (
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<figureCitation box="[1272,1351,466,488]" captionStart="FIG. 29" captionStartId="112.[151,195,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@112.[204,1333,204,1625]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIG. 29. Species of Pluviasilva. A, C, F-J. P. levis: A. male - habitus, C. ovipositor, F. male cerci, lateral view, G. male cerci, dorsal view, H. titillators, I. male head and pronotum, dorsal view, J. male face; B, D-E. P. mexicana: B. male - habitus, D. male cerci, lateral view, E. male cerci, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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H). Ovipositor long and narrow, straight or weakly curved in apical third, narrowed in basal part; both dorsal and ventral margins of ovipositor smooth; apex of upper valvula rounded; ovipositor shorter or considerably longer than hind femur.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[817,952,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Coloration.—</emphasis>
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General coloration green; frons green, clypeus and labrum purple (yellow in poorly preserved specimens) antennal articles yellow with posterior edges black resulting in “annulated” appearance of antennae. Thorax uniformly green; legs green but often tympanal area of fore tibia or entire dorsal surface of fore tibia black. Tegmina green with numerous, small, dark brown or black spots; stridulatory area on male wings brown; hind wings transparent but with brightly emerald-green venation (often fades in poorly preserved specimens). Abdominal terga pale emerald-green, sometimes with brown midline on first 4-5 terga, 10th tergite of male brownish-orange; abdominal sterna and pleural membranes purple in well preserved specimens. Dried specimens in entomological collections usually turn yellowish-green in time.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="108" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[817,949,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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The generic epithet is derived from a combination of Latin words
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<emphasis box="[1047,1111,1129,1150]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Pluvia</emphasis>
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(rain) and
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<emphasis box="[1226,1275,1129,1150]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Silva</emphasis>
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(forest) to indicate the preferred habitat of at least one species of the new genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[817,930,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Remarks.—</emphasis>
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The two species described below are very similar and males can only be distinguished by the characteristics of the stridulatory file. However, the combination of strong differences between the size of the ovipositor in females of the two species, combined with the differences in the structure of the stridulatory file and minor differences in male genitalia, indicates the presence of two distinct species. Unfortunately, no sound recordings are available for the new species, as it is likely that their availability would confirm the separate status of the two populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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Only one of the two species,
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<taxonomicName box="[1137,1207,1532,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levis">
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<emphasis box="[1137,1207,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">P. levis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is known from
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<collectingCountry box="[794,912,1561,1583]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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. It seems appropriate, however, to provide descriptions of both known species of the new genus within one publication.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="111.[794,1383,207,1727]" lastBlockId="113.[174,763,518,1346]" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">
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Virtually nothing is known about the biology of the new taxa. All specimens of
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<taxonomicName box="[1076,1142,1676,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levis" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[1076,1142,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">P. levis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1147,1202,1676,1697]" pageId="111" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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were collected in lowland tropical rainforest of
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<collectingCountry box="[1108,1219,1705,1727]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="111" pageNumber="108">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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and all of them were collected by either canopy fogging or from freshly felled trees. The rarity of these insects in entomological collection further suggests their exclusively arboreal lifestyle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270065/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="109" targetBox="[204,1333,204,1625]" targetPageId="112">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[151,1360,1655,1735]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,236,1655,1677]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">FIG. 29.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName box="[353,462,1655,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[353,462,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">Pluviasilva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[474,571,1655,1677]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">A, C, F-J.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[577,645,1655,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levis">
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<emphasis box="[577,645,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">P. levis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[657,682,1655,1676]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">A.</emphasis>
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male - habitus,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[850,874,1655,1677]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">C.</emphasis>
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ovipositor,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[999,1014,1655,1676]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">F.</emphasis>
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male cerci, lateral view,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1276,1302,1655,1677]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">G.</emphasis>
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male cerci, dorsal view,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[346,372,1684,1705]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">H.</emphasis>
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titillators,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[486,502,1684,1705]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">I.</emphasis>
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male head and pronotum, dorsal view,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[924,939,1684,1705]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">J.</emphasis>
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male face;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1057,1133,1684,1705]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">B, D-E.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[1139,1254,1684,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1139,1254,1684,1705]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">P. mexicana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1266,1288,1684,1705]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">B.</emphasis>
|
|
male - habitus,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[242,268,1713,1734]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">D.</emphasis>
|
|
male cerci, lateral view,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[527,547,1713,1734]" pageId="112" pageNumber="109">E.</emphasis>
|
|
male cerci, dorsal view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BF95664FA35BFFBF16D4FF22FCA43C98" box="[174,853,225,247]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BF95664FA35BFFBF16D4FF22FCA43C98" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" targetBox="[174,1249,283,478]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="113">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="113.[174,1249,225,391]" box="[174,853,225,247]" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,289,225,246]" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">TABLE 20.</emphasis>
|
|
Key for identification of known species of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[744,853,225,246]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pluviasilva</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="113.[174,1249,225,391]" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<table box="[174,1249,283,478]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<tr box="[174,1249,283,305]" gridrow="0" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<th box="[174,649,283,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Species Ovipositor</th>
|
|
<th box="[703,1071,283,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Stridulatory file</th>
|
|
<th box="[1119,1249,283,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Distribution</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr box="[174,1249,340,391]" gridrow="1" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<th box="[174,649,340,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[174,218,340,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[174,218,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">levis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
slightly shorter than hind femur (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[302,373,369,391]" captionStart="FIG. 28" captionStartId="109.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[174,1336,204,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[174,1337,204,1603]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIG. 28. Vestria punctata. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal and ventral views, E. titillators, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270064/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
|
C)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td box="[703,1071,340,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
1.8-1.9 mm 147-149 teeth (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[977,1049,340,363]" captionStart="FIG. 49" captionStartId="147.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[241,1314,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@147.[241,1315,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIG. 49. Stridulatory files of species of Erioloides. A. E. longipennis, B. ditto, variation, C. E. macrocephalus, D. E. brevipennis, E. E. latiscobinus, F. E. consobrinus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270085/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
|
E)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td box="[1119,1249,340,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Costa Rica</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr box="[174,1249,427,478]" gridrow="2" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<th box="[174,649,427,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[174,265,427,448]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
|
<emphasis box="[174,265,427,448]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">mexicana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
distinctly longer than hind femur (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[302,372,456,478]" captionStart="FIG. 28" captionStartId="109.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[174,1336,204,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[174,1337,204,1603]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIG. 28. Vestria punctata. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal and ventral views, E. titillators, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270064/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
|
B)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td box="[703,1071,427,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
1.4 mm 112 teeth (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[894,965,427,449]" captionStart="FIG. 49" captionStartId="147.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[241,1314,204,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@147.[241,1315,204,1640]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIG. 49. Stridulatory files of species of Erioloides. A. E. longipennis, B. ditto, variation, C. E. macrocephalus, D. E. brevipennis, E. E. latiscobinus, F. E. consobrinus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270085/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
|
F)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td box="[1119,1249,427,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Mexico</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="113.[174,763,518,1346]" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
The two new species of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[456,565,633,654]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[456,565,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Pluviasilva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
bear several similarities to species of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walker. The" authorityName="Walker. The" box="[521,762,662,684]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Moncheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[521,621,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Moncheca</emphasis>
|
|
Walker. The
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shared characters include a highly sclerotized and strongly convex 10th tergite in male, which is devoid of hairs, except for their small concentration on the posterior edge of the tergite (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[414,484,777,799]" captionStart="FIG. 28" captionStartId="109.[174,218,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[174,1336,204,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[174,1337,204,1603]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIG. 28. Vestria punctata. A. female - habitus, B. female face, C. female head and pronotum, dorsal view, D. male cerci, dorsal and ventral views, E. titillators, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270064/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
|
D). The male cercus in both genera lacks inner armature and displays generally similar shape, with laterally flattened and dorso-ventrally expanded apex. In addition, both genera share a rather unique for the family glossy appearance of the cuticle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="113.[174,763,518,1346]" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
The differences between the two genera include the shape of fastigium of vertex (narrow, almost lamelliform in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[200,309,978,999]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[200,309,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Pluviasilva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, wider than scapus in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[545,643,978,999]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Moncheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[545,643,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Moncheca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), the structure of prosternum (armed with two spines in
|
|
<emphasis box="[648,762,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[648,758,1007,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pluviasilva</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
unarmed in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[304,402,1036,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Moncheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[304,402,1036,1057]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Moncheca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and the structure of stridulatory apparatus (both left and right mirrors membranous, without secondary veinlets in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[438,547,1094,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[438,547,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Pluviasilva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, left mirror with secondary veinlets in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[363,459,1122,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Moncheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[363,459,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Moncheca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The fact that
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[607,714,1122,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[607,714,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Pluviasilva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. have a narrow fastigium may also indicate their relatedness to taxa traditionally placed in the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[174,287,1209,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Agraeciini">Agraeciini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, as I mentioned earlier, the status of this subfamily is uncertain, since there is not enough evidence to support its monophyly, nor is the subfamily diagnosable (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nickle, D. A. & P. Naskrecki" box="[316,607,1295,1317]" editor="S. K. Gangwere" journalOrPublisher="CAB International" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" pagination="41 - 58" refString="Nickle, D. A. and P. Naskrecki 1997. Recent developments in the systematics of Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae. In: The bionomics of grasshoppers, katydids and their kin, S. K. Gangwere, M. C. Muralirangan and Meera Muralirangan, Eds., pp. 41 - 58, CAB International." title="Recent developments in the systematics of Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The bionomics of grasshoppers, katydids and their kin" year="1997">Nickle and Naskrecki 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). For these reasons
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[225,329,1324,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pluviasilva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[225,329,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Pluviasilva</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is placed tentatively in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[566,730,1324,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conocephalinae">Conocephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis box="[736,762,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">s.l.</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="113.[794,1383,518,770]" pageId="113" pageNumber="110">Unique, apomorphic character states of the new genus are as follows: (1) epiphallus with a pair of sclerotized, blunt convexities, covered by the phallic membrane; (2) male cercus unarmed, with the apex laterally flattened, downcurved, with two small, apical lobes; (3) male 10th tergite strongly sclerotized and convex, with its posterior portion expanded into shallow, horizontal lobes; (4) cuticle (including tegmina) very smooth, glossy; (5) venation of the hind wings emerald-green.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |