749 lines
91 KiB
XML
749 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="B205982C7B37AAB59CD0C5A183CAFBBE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274824" ID-GBIF-Dataset="49744c2e-a03a-4608-8bf1-ecc41b613f2c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274824" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461071985535" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Luiz, Osmar J., Ferreira, Carlos E. L. & Rocha, Luiz A." docDate="2009" docId="630287E2FF8C023F95E387D1C413FBE3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02092p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2092" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Halichoeres sazimai Luiz, Ferreira & Rocha, 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="9F3BFF9AFF8D023795748324C64AFFB4" masterDocTitle="Halichoeres sazimai, a new species of wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Western South Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698584967243" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B751F6EAA31693364FDA3CD12B786720">Halichoeres sazimai, a new species of wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Western South Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0D4B7304617883BF09969DEE421744BD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A9CCBC25678DAAC74B951F4AC2F2C586">Luiz, Osmar J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE485E9B219B08CFB4E681EF1043741D">Ferreira, Carlos E. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="79D5B4472A2215ADD6F4FF2F68031ED0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8E804C70BCF9216A1A6F311B6C39E527">Rocha, Luiz A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7F8CFE55CA76798B6275ADB0931C5A5E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="09BBD3FA30B3E24A80E53671DAEF111F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3C5AFE7E02F81DD52FB998CF61F1ABBD">
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<mods:date id="51DAB5932DA7D99DA5C252A5D065A66F">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C8B51A670E282F29CB9C57A450670848">2092</mods:number>
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<treatment id="630287E2FF8C023F95E387D1C413FBE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119616041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:630287E2FF8C023F95E387D1C413FBE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/630287E2FF8C023F95E387D1C413FBE3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF8C023695E387D1C7ECFA86" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8C023695E387D1C79FFABB" blockId="1.[151,469,1269,1330]" box="[151,469,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8C023695E387D1C7C6FABB" ID-CoL="6KXGB" box="[151,396,1269,1295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023695E387D1C7C6FABB" bold="true" box="[151,396,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2EC579DFF8C023694E787D1C79FFABB" box="[403,469,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8C023695E3863CC7ECFA86" blockId="1.[151,469,1269,1330]" box="[151,422,1304,1330]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8C023695E3863CC74FFA86" box="[151,261,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,390,1577]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[232,1357,390,1578]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Underwater photographs of Halichoeres sazimai: (A) terminal phase male, (B) initial phase / female, and (C) newly collected recruit. Photographs by (A-B) O. J. Luiz Jr., and (C) A. Carvalho-Filho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274825/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8C02369467863CC76EFA86" box="[275,292,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1221,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1221,1642]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparison of color photographs of Halichoeres bathyphilus (A) terminal phase male, (B) initial phase / female and H. sazimai (C) terminal phase male, (D) initial phase / female. Photographs by (A-B) W. Smith-Vaniz and (C- D) A. Carvalho-Filho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274826/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8C02369445863CC708FA86" box="[305,322,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[255,1369,197,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1399,178,1304]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of preserved specimens of Halichoeres sazimai, (A) holotype ZUEC 6323, (B) paratype MZUSP 98973, and H. bathyphilus UF 203925. Photographs by J. L. Gasparini and J. - C. Joyeux." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274827/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">3</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="A629034FFF8C0236943B863CC7ECFA86" box="[335,422,1304,1330]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,240,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,349,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Halichoeres sazimai and its sister species H. bathyphilus. For H. sazimai the holotype is the first specimen listed, followed by the mean and range in the entire type series. For H. bathyphilus, mean and range of values are given, and number of species examined indicated in parentheses. Standard length is in mm, all other measurements are expressed as percentage of standard length. Characters that do not overlap are indicated with (*)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF8C023695E38641C230FA08" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CBBB11DAFF8C023695E38641C2B3FA28" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8C023695E38641C56BFAC8" ID-CoL="3JBQ5" authority="Menezes and Figueiredo 1985: 32" authorityName="Menezes and Figueiredo" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,801,1381,1404]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023695E38641C7EEFAC8" box="[151,420,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Halichoeres bathyphilus,</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C023694D88641C56BFAC8" author="Menezes" box="[428,801,1381,1404]" page="32" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C023694D88641C4BDFAC8" author="Menezes" box="[428,759,1381,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Menezes, N. A. & Figueiredo, J. L. (1985) Manual de Peixes Marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil V. Teleostei (4). Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. 105 pp." type="book" year="1985">Menezes and Figueiredo 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 32
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 92 fig. 32;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C023696DC8641C2EDFAC8" author="Moura" box="[936,1191,1381,1404]" page="520" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C023696DC8641C23AFAC8" author="Moura" box="[936,1136,1381,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Moura, R. L., Gasparini, J. L. & Sazima, I. (1999) New records and range extensions of reef fishes in the Western South Atlantic, with comments on reef fish distribution along the Brazilian coast. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16 (2), 513 - 530." type="journal article" year="1999">
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Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023696838641C262FAC8" box="[1015,1064,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 520
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C023691C08641C6BBFA28" author="Carvalho-Filho" page="186" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C023691C08641C3D2FAC8" author="Carvalho-Filho" box="[1204,1432,1381,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Carvalho-Filho, A (1999) Peixes: Costa Brasileira. 3 th ed. Ed. Melro, Sao Paulo. 320 pp." type="book" year="1999">Carvalho-Filho 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 186
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 314 fig.164;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C023694F186A1C4F5FA28" author="Parenti" box="[389,703,1413,1436]" page="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C023694F186A1C4DDFA28" author="Parenti" box="[389,663,1413,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Parenti, P. & Randall, J. E. (2000) An annotated checklist of the species of the Labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 68: 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2000">Parenti and Randall 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 37
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C023697BE86A1C58CFA28" author="Joyeux" box="[714,966,1413,1436]" page="832" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C023697BE86A1C5DBFA28" author="Joyeux" box="[714,913,1413,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Joyeux, J. - C., Floeter, S. R., Ferreira, C. E. L. & Gasparini, J. L. (2001) Biogeography of tropical reef fishes: the south Atlantic puzzle. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 831 - 841." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Joyeux
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C0236966886A1C518FA28" box="[796,850,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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: 832
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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, 835;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C0236917386A1C2BFFA28" author="Rangel" box="[1031,1269,1413,1436]" page="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C0236917386A1C284FA28" author="Rangel" box="[1031,1230,1413,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Rangel, C. A., Chaves, L. C. T. & Monteiro-Neto, C. (2007) Baseline assessment of the reef fish assemblage from Cagarras Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 55 (1), 7 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Rangel
|
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C0236912D86A1C2C2FA28" box="[1113,1160,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 11
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8C023695E38681C230FA08" blockId="1.[151,1436,1381,1468]" box="[151,1146,1445,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CBBB11DAFF8C023695E38681C230FA08" box="[151,1146,1445,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8C023695E38681C752FA08" ID-CoL="4SQ7" box="[151,280,1445,1468]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023695E38681C752FA08" box="[151,280,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Halichoeres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C0236943F8681C43DFA08" author="Moura" box="[331,631,1445,1468]" page="482" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C0236943F8681C408FA08" author="Moura" box="[331,578,1445,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Moura, R. L. & Sazima, I. (2003) Species richness and endemism levels of the Southwestern Atlantic reef fish fauna. Proceedings 9 th International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 481 - 486." type="journal article" year="2003">Moura & Sazima 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 482
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="6A0A10E5FF8C023697F68681C52DFA08" author="Luiz" box="[642,871,1445,1468]" page="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C023697F68681C504FA08" author="Luiz" box="[642,846,1445,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Luiz Jr., O. J., Carvalho-Filho, A., Ferreira, C. E. L., Floeter, S. R., Gasparini, J. L. & Sazima, I. (2008) The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1807, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Luiz Jr.
|
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023697AD8681C545FA08" box="[729,783,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 9
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 16 fig. 6a, 21 fig. 9e, 25.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF8C023695E386CFC4A0F8A0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8C023695E386CFC71AF9E7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1515,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023695E386CFC75EF9B1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1515,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="34108856FF8C023695E386CFC745F9B1" box="[151,271,1515,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="8DBAAE31FF8C0236946886C8C723F9B2" box="[284,361,1516,1542]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">ZUEC</collectionCode>
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6323, male,
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C0236977286C8C423F9B2" box="[518,617,1516,1542]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="214.0">214 mm</quantity>
|
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SL,
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<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8C023697D786C8C49BF9B2" box="[675,721,1516,1542]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Ilha</collectingCountry>
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de Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro State, South Eastern
|
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<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8C0236958F8536C700F998" box="[251,330,1554,1580]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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,
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, interface rocky reef and sand bottom,
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<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C023691568536C22EF998" box="[1058,1124,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
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, pole spear,
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<date id="9F151034FF8C0236918B8536C3D2F998" box="[1279,1432,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2002-01-14">14 Jan 2002</date>
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, C.E.L. Ferreira.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8C023695B2857BC4A0F8A0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1515,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023695B2857BC707F9CD" bold="true" box="[198,333,1631,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="34108856FF8C023695B2857BC702F9CD" box="[198,328,1631,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
UF 172665, male,
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C023697338544C4E4F9CE" box="[583,686,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="192.0">192 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, Laje de Santos, São Paulo State, South Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8C023690398544C3D2F9CE" box="[1357,1432,1632,1658]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8E9F5033FF8C023695E385A2C6B3F914" box="[151,249,1670,1696]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="-24.25">24º15´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8E9F5033FF8C0236947385A2C73EF914" box="[263,372,1670,1696]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="-46.166668">46º10´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, interface rocky reef and sand bottom,
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C0236963B85A2C5DAF914" box="[847,912,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</quantity>
|
||
, pole spear,
|
||
<date id="9F151034FF8C0236915C85A2C289F914" box="[1064,1219,1670,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2004-02-20">20 Fev 2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8C023691A485A2C2A0F914" box="[1232,1258,1670,1696]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.J. Luiz Jr.; UF
|
||
<date id="9F151034FF8C023695E38589C6BFF973" box="[151,245,1709,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="85-12-17">171285</date>
|
||
, female,
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C023694118589C780F973" box="[357,458,1709,1735]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="155.0">155 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="34108856FF8C023697A68589C50AF973" box="[722,832,1709,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9F151034FF8C023696398589C5AFF973" box="[845,997,1709,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2004-01-30">30 Jan 2004</date>
|
||
, C.E.L. Ferreira;
|
||
<collectionCode id="8DBAAE31FF8C023691C98589C36BF973" box="[1213,1313,1709,1735]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
98973, 2, female,
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C0236958D85F0C7D2F95A" box="[249,408,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="163.0" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="150.0">150–176 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="34108856FF8C0236970385F0C4AEF95A" box="[631,740,1748,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, C.E.L. Ferreira;
|
||
<collectionCode id="8DBAAE31FF8C023696CE85F0C242F95A" box="[954,1032,1748,1774]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">ZUEC</collectionCode>
|
||
6324, female,
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF8C023691CB85F0C368F95A" box="[1215,1314,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="171.0">171 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="34108856FF8C0236946285DEC735F8A0" box="[278,383,1786,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<date id="9F151034FF8C023694EE85DEC46FF8A0" box="[410,549,1786,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2003-03-06">6 Mar 2003</date>
|
||
, C.E.L. Ferreira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF8C023595B28404C7DEFEF8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8C023595B28404C7DEFEF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1515,2006]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,332]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023695B28404C70CF88E" bold="true" box="[198,326,1824,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8C023697788405C4D0F88E" box="[524,666,1825,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8C023697788405C4D0F88E" box="[524,666,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Halichoeres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8C0236961E8405C28CF88F" author="Randall" box="[874,1222,1825,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Randall, J. E. & Bohlke, J. E. (1965) Review of the Atlantic labrid fishes of the genus Halichoeres. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 117 (7), 235 - 259." type="journal article" year="1965">Randall and Böhlke (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with the follow combination of characters: dorsal rays IX, 11; anal rays III, 12; pectoral rays 13; caudal rays 14; lateral line scales 27. Distinct from other Atlantic Ocean congeners by coloration as follows: body white with a distinctive stripe running on midline of the body from the snout, through the eye to tail. The stripe is straight, broadest and continuous from the snout to the shoulder, when it turns into a line of close-set spots in a zigzag pattern on alternate scales of two adjoining rows. Terminal phase adults have the stripe entirely black or black at the first half becoming brownish, some with golden spots above and below scales, body darkened on the dorsum and the abdomen, becoming grayish or greenish in the area just above the mid-body stripe to the base of the dorsal fin. In initial phase adults the stripe is brown on the first third of its length and yellow to golden on the last two thirds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF8F023595E38563C20EF935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[232,1356,390,1577]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8F023595E38563C20EF935" blockId="2.[151,1436,1607,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8F023595E38563C753F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,281,1607,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwater photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8F0235973F856CC56FF9EB" box="[587,805,1608,1631]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8F0235973F856CC56FF9EB" box="[587,805,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) terminal phase male, (B) initial phase/female, and (C) newly collected recruit. Photographs by (A-B) O. J. Luiz Jr., and (C) A. Carvalho-Filho.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF8F023F95B28597C76BFD83" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8F023595B28597C2B1F83B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1715,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8F023595B28597C714F979" bold="true" box="[198,350,1715,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal rays IX, 11; anal rays III,12; all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 13 (one individual 12) upper ray unbranched; pelvic rays I, 5; principal caudal rays 14, first and last unbranched; Lateral line scales 27 (one individual 26), each with a single pore opening dorsally; four scale rows above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin, two above anterior portion of lateral line to base of middle dorsal spines; eight scale rows below lateral line to origin of anal fin. Circumpeduncular scales 15-16. Gill rakers 17-18, 6 on the upper limb; Vertebrae 10+14. Proportional measures are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="A629034FFF8F023591E98451C2BFF83B" box="[1181,1269,1909,1935]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,240,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,349,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Halichoeres sazimai and its sister species H. bathyphilus. For H. sazimai the holotype is the first specimen listed, followed by the mean and range in the entire type series. For H. bathyphilus, mean and range of values are given, and number of species examined indicated in parentheses. Standard length is in mm, all other measurements are expressed as percentage of standard length. Characters that do not overlap are indicated with (*)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3" ID-Table-UUID="BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFD4667CFF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1437,349,1140]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8E023495E383B3C32FFEA3" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023495E383B3C741FF1B" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023494AA83BCC4F0FF1B" box="[478,698,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023494AA83BCC4F0FF1B" box="[478,698,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023496D283BCC20CFF1B" box="[934,1094,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023496D283BCC20CFF1B" box="[934,1094,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023491F583BCC2BEFF1B" box="[1153,1268,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023491F583BCC2BEFF1B" box="[1153,1268,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the holotype is the first specimen listed, followed by the mean and range in the entire type series. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E02349159839EC283FF65" box="[1069,1225,186,209]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E02349159839EC283FF65" box="[1069,1225,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mean and range of values are given, and number of species examined indicated in parentheses. Standard length is in mm, all other measurements are expressed as percentage of standard length. Characters that do not overlap are indicated with (*).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8E023497668216C57EFEFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,329]" box="[530,820,306,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023497668216C4A1FEFD" box="[530,747,306,329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023497668216C4A1FEFD" box="[530,747,306,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=6)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8E023497668279C30DFBC0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<table id="99ABC454FF8EFDC895E38279C3D7FBC0" box="[151,1437,349,1140]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E38279C3D7FEC0" box="[151,1437,349,372]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC897668279C59DFEC0" box="[530,983,349,372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Holotype Mean (range)</th>
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC891208279C3D7FEC0" box="[1108,1437,349,372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023491208279C2BAFEC0" box="[1108,1264,349,372]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023491208279C2BAFEC0" box="[1108,1264,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n= 8)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E382ACC3D7FE7D" box="[151,1437,392,457]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E382ACC7D8FE7D" box="[151,402,392,457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Standard Length (mm) Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8976682ACC59DFE7D" box="[530,983,392,457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">214.0 176.3 (150.0–214.0) 27.57 29.0 (27.6–29.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8912082ACC3D7FE7D" box="[1108,1437,392,457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">128.0 (63.7–191.0) 32.2 (30.6–33.7)*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E382F9C3D7FE40" box="[151,1437,477,500]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E382F9C7D8FE40" box="[151,402,477,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8976682F9C59DFE40" box="[530,983,477,500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">3.93 4.2 (3.8–5.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8912082F9C3D7FE40" box="[1108,1437,477,500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">5.6 (4.8–7.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E3812CC3D7FDFD" box="[151,1437,520,585]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E3812CC7D8FDFD" box="[151,402,520,585]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Interorbital width Body width</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC89766812CC59DFDFD" box="[530,983,520,585]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">5.56 5.4 (5.2–5.7) 11.64 11.8 (10.4–13.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC89120812CC3D7FDFD" box="[1108,1437,520,585]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">5.7 (4.7–5.8) 11.1 (9.9–12.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E38179C3D7FDC0" box="[151,1437,605,628]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E38179C7D8FDC0" box="[151,402,605,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Body depth</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC897668179C59DFDC0" box="[530,983,605,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">25.14 23.7 (21.7–25.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC891208179C3D7FDC0" box="[1108,1437,605,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">24.6 (20.7–27.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E381ACC3D7FD7D" box="[151,1437,648,713]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E381ACC7D8FD7D" box="[151,402,648,713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Caudal ped. depth Caudal ped. length</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8976681ACC59DFD7D" box="[530,983,648,713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">12.06 12.0 (11.5–12.4) 8.36 10.5 (8.4–11.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8912081ACC3D7FD7D" box="[1108,1437,648,713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">11.8 (10.1–12.4) 10.9 (8.3–14.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E381F9C3D7FD40" box="[151,1437,733,756]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E381F9C7D8FD40" box="[151,402,733,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8976681F9C59DFD40" box="[530,983,733,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">8.93 9.24 (8.9–9.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8912081F9C3D7FD40" box="[1108,1437,733,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">10.2 (9.5–11.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E3802CC3D7FCFD" box="[151,1437,776,841]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E3802CC7D8FCFD" box="[151,402,776,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Predorsal length Preanal length</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC89766802CC59DFCFD" box="[530,983,776,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">25.05 25.2 (24.4–26.4) 53.18 51.7 (49.5–53.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC89120802CC3D7FCFD" box="[1108,1437,776,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">29.8 (27.9–31.9)* 54.0 (52.1–56.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E38079C3D7FCC0" box="[151,1437,861,884]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E38079C7D8FCC0" box="[151,402,861,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">First dorsal spine</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC897668079C59DFCC0" box="[530,983,861,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">5,42 5.9 (5.4–6.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC891208079C3D7FCC0" box="[1108,1437,861,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">5.1 (4.1–5.3)*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E380ACC3D7FC7D" box="[151,1437,904,969]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E380ACC7D8FC7D" box="[151,402,904,969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Longest dorsal ray Length third anal spine</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8976680ACC59DFC7D" box="[530,983,904,969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">9.77 11.6 (9.8–12.8) 6.59 7.6 (6.6–8.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8912080ACC3D7FC7D" box="[1108,1437,904,969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">11.8 (10.0–13.3) 7.5 (5.8–8.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E380F9C3D7FC40" box="[151,1437,989,1012]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E380F9C7D8FC40" box="[151,402,989,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Longest anal ray</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8976680F9C59DFC40" box="[530,983,989,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">8.69 10.1 (8.7–11.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC8912080F9C3D7FC40" box="[1108,1437,989,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">10.8 (10.0–11.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E3872CC3D7FBFD" box="[151,1437,1032,1097]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E3872CC7D8FBFD" box="[151,402,1032,1097]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Middle caudal ray Longest pectoral ray</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC89766872CC59DFBFD" box="[530,983,1032,1097]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">17.71 18.8 (17.7–19.8) 15.37 16.0 (15.2–16.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC89120872CC3D7FBFD" box="[1108,1437,1032,1097]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">20.0 (18.8–22.3) 18.0 (15.9–19.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559B34B6FF8EFDC895E38779C3D7FBC0" box="[151,1437,1117,1140]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC895E38779C7D8FBC0" box="[151,402,1117,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Pelvic fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC897668779C59DFBC0" box="[530,983,1117,1140]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">15.61 15.0 (13.0–16.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="164A5DCAFF8EFDC891208779C3D7FBC0" box="[1108,1437,1117,1140]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">16.8 (12.2–20.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF8E023495E385A7C7CFF954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1435,1221,1641]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8E023495E385A7C7CFF954" blockId="3.[151,1436,1667,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023495E385A7C751F92F" bold="true" box="[151,283,1667,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of color photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023497CD85A0C58EF92F" box="[697,964,1668,1691]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023497CD85A0C58EF92F" box="[697,964,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Halichoeres bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) terminal phase male, (B) initial phase/ female and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8E023494608582C7CCF909" box="[276,390,1702,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8E023494608582C7CCF909" box="[276,390,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C) terminal phase male, (D) initial phase/female. Photographs by (A-B) W. Smith-Vaniz and (C- D) A. Carvalho-Filho.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8E023495B28436C567F859" blockId="3.[151,1436,1810,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Body slender, depth 4.0 (3.9–4.6) in SL, and moderately compressed, width 2.2 (1.97–2.08) in body depth; caudal peduncle depth greater than peduncle length, 2.3 (2.3–2.55) in head length; head length 3.6 (3.3–3.4) in SL; opercular flap extending slightly beyond the upper end of pectoral fin base but not beyond the lower end of pectoral fin base; dorsal profile of head uniformly convex; eye above the midlateral line of head, distance above eye to dorsal edge of head nearly half than distance below eye to ventral edge; eye relatively small, fleshy orbit diameter 7.0 (6.0–7.3) in head length.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF89023395E3863BC2EBFAED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[255,1369,197,1279]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF89023395E3863BC2EBFAED" blockId="4.[151,1437,1311,1369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF89023395E3863BC755FA83" bold="true" box="[151,287,1311,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of preserved specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF89023397988604C59DFA83" box="[748,983,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF89023397988604C59EFA83" box="[748,980,1312,1335]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">Halichoeres sazimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) holotype ZUEC 6323, (B) paratype MZUSP 98973, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF89023394008666C45BFAED" box="[372,529,1346,1369]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF89023394008666C45BFAED" box="[372,529,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UF 203925. Photographs by J.L. Gasparini and J.-C. Joyeux.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF89023395B286ACC26FF9A1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1416,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Mouth terminal, protusible, oblique, upper jaw forming angle of about 30° to horizontal axis of head and body; snout moderately pointed, its length 3.1 (3.0–3.3) in head length; pair of forward-projecting, slightly outcurved, canine teeth at front of upper jaw, two pairs in lower jaw, outer pair also curving laterally; Posterior canine sharp and well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF890233975186DFC424F9A1" box="[549,622,1531,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,274,1030]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,274,1030]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mandibular apparatus of Halichoeres sazimai, showing the posterior canine (ZUEC 6324, female, 171 mm). Photograph by J. L. Gasparini and J. - C. Joyeux." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274828/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conical teeth in upper jaw 11 to 14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF89023395B28506C341F949" blockId="4.[151,1436,1416,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Sub-orbital pores five (five to seven). Nostrils with anterior short tube and posterior flap. Caudal fin truncate to slightly rounded in young, double emarginated in adults. Free vertical and horizontal margins of preopercle smooth. Scales end just above preopercle on nape, head naked. Scales on chest smaller than body, extending anteriorly to rear margin of isthmus. Single large, elongate scale between pelvic-fin bases. Three rows of scales on caudal fin, gradually decreasing in size to rear of lateral line. Lateral line continuous with an abrupt downward curve below last three dorsal rays, extending along midline to caudal peduncle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF89023195B2842EC736FD42" blockId="4.[151,1436,1416,2021]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,758]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF89023395B2842EC7EDF890" bold="true" box="[198,423,1802,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The body is white with a distinctive stripe running on midline of the body from the snout, through the eye to tail. The stripe is straight, broadest and continuous from the snout to the shoulder, when it turns into a line of close-set spots in a zigzag pattern on alternate scales of two adjoining rows. In juveniles and initial phase females the stripe is brown on the first third of its length and yellow to golden on the last two thirds; two dark blotches, linked to the central stripe, are present below the fourth and fifth dorsal spines, sometimes golden in very large terminal males. Terminal phase males have the stripe entirely black or black at the first half becoming brownish, some with golden spots above and below scales; they also have a second stripe, lower and much less conspicuous, from the thorax through lower pectoral fin base to ventral part of caudal peduncle; this lower stripe is yellow, has a faded appearance and is not clearly visible in live individuals. The coloration of terminal males is darkened on the dorsum and the abdomen, becoming grayish or greenish in the area just above the mid-body stripe to the base of the dorsal fin; head blue dorsally and whitish ventrally; cheeks often with a pink to orange area bordered by a bluish line; a broad dark blue area present in the belly from the pelvic fin base to the caudal peduncle, immediately below the lower yellow stripe. Dorsal fin grayish to dusky, often with a greenish hue in terminal males and yellowish in females and a dark base in both phases, the terminal males often with red spots in the soft portion base; the anal fin has its base colored as the belly, and the rest of the fin is dusky green in males and dusky yellow in females; ventral fins white in females light green in terminal males; pectoral fins translucent. Caudal fin with a translucent background, greenish in terminal males and yellowish in females. Terminal males have the upper and lower margins with thin yellow or reddish borders and patterned with a series of bands with the same color of the borders, which run diagonally from the base of the fin to the tip of the middle rays; the two outer bands starting at the upper and lower bases of the fin and meeting at the central tip of the tail; two similar inner bands running parallel inside these and meeting at tips; a central straight band of same color running directly from the mid caudal base to the tip of tail. Eye red to orange, the upper and lower parts sometimes paler in the young and females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF88023295E3873BC4DAFBED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274828/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[226,1360,274,1030]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF88023295E3873BC4DAFBED" blockId="5.[151,1437,1055,1113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF88023295E3873BC752FB83" bold="true" box="[151,280,1055,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Mandibular apparatus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF880232975E8704C549FB83" box="[554,771,1056,1079]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF880232975E8704C549FB83" box="[554,771,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing the posterior canine (ZUEC 6324, female, 171 mm). Photograph by J.L. Gasparini and J.-C. Joyeux.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF88023295E384BFC567F861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274829/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[226,1360,1167,1923]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF88023295E384BFC567F861" blockId="5.[151,1436,1947,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF88023295E384BFC753F807" bold="true" box="[151,281,1947,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
A terminal phase
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF88023294AE84BFC4F9F806" box="[474,691,1947,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF88023294AE84BFC4F9F806" box="[474,691,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
foraging while being followed by a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF880232914784BFC37CF806" box="[1075,1334,1947,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Haemulidae" genus="Haemulon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF880232914784BFC37CF806" box="[1075,1334,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Haemulon aurolineatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
school at Laje de Santos Marine State Park. Photograph by O.J. Luiz Jr.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BFD4667CFF8B023195E38518C55EF9C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274830/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[226,1360,815,1571]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8B023195E38518C55EF9C2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1596,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8B023195E38518C750F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,282,1596,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Southernmost record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8B023197508519C4B5F9E0" box="[548,767,1597,1620]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8B023197508519C4B5F9E0" box="[548,767,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Marine Biological Reserve of Arvoredo. Photograph by Banco de Imagens Rebiomar Arvoredo, Marcelo Kammers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8B023195B2858CC2D0F866" blockId="6.[151,1437,1704,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8B023195B2858CC7A7F976" bold="true" box="[198,493,1704,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Coloration in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Body pale brown, fin membranes yellowish brown, lighter than body. Conspicuous brown stripe along the midline of body from snout to tail, corresponding to black and yellow stripes in life, for males and females respectively. Dorsal fin with a dark base. Males with the dorsal part of body darker, from immediately above the stripe to the base of dorsal fin and nape. Ventral side, from the thorax to the belly darkened but not more so than the dorsal side from the anus to the lower lateral of the body, not reaching the mid-body stripe, allowing two to three rows of scales from the end of the darkened ventral band to the stripe retain the background coloration. Females have a more homogenous pale brown body, being slightly darker on the dorsum, with the conspicuous brown midline body stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8B02319137849CC2C0F866" box="[1091,1162,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[255,1369,197,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1399,178,1304]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of preserved specimens of Halichoeres sazimai, (A) holotype ZUEC 6323, (B) paratype MZUSP 98973, and H. bathyphilus UF 203925. Photographs by J. L. Gasparini and J. - C. Joyeux." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8A023095B283B3C7C4FD7B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023095B283B3C473FF05" bold="true" box="[198,569,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Comparisons with congeners.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230973783BCC579FF05" box="[579,819,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230973783BCC579FF05" box="[579,819,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023091CF83BCC323FF05" box="[1211,1385,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023091CF83BCC323FF05" box="[1211,1385,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to morphological similarities. However, they can be distinguished by coloration in live and preserved specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8A0230945083C1C724FF4B" box="[292,366,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1221,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1221,1642]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparison of color photographs of Halichoeres bathyphilus (A) terminal phase male, (B) initial phase / female and H. sazimai (C) terminal phase male, (D) initial phase / female. Photographs by (A-B) W. Smith-Vaniz and (C- D) A. Carvalho-Filho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274826/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8A0230940883C1C7C7FF4B" box="[380,397,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[255,1369,197,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1399,178,1304]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of preserved specimens of Halichoeres sazimai, (A) holotype ZUEC 6323, (B) paratype MZUSP 98973, and H. bathyphilus UF 203925. Photographs by J. L. Gasparini and J. - C. Joyeux." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274827/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Despite similar patterns between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230964283C1C5FCFF4A" box="[822,950,229,254]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230964283C1C5FCFF4A" box="[822,950,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230968683C1C2E8FF4A" box="[1010,1186,229,254]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230968683C1C2E8FF4A" box="[1010,1186,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
body textures as the mid-body zigzag patterned stripe, the diagonal bands on the caudal and colored base of dorsal fin separate those species. Terminal male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023097728216C4F6FEFF" box="[518,700,306,331]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023097728216C4F6FEFF" box="[518,700,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a green or bright yellow mid-body stripe vs. black and brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230945C827DC7ECFEC6" box="[296,422,345,370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230945C827DC7ECFEC6" box="[296,422,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the body color of the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A02309799827DC5D3FEC6" box="[749,921,345,370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A02309799827DC5D3FEC6" box="[749,921,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lilac on middle of sides, becoming dull at upper sides and yellow on lower sides, which contrast with the general white appearance with discrete green and blue tints respectively on the dorsal and ventral sides of the male
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096B58283C20CFE74" box="[961,1094,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096B58283C20BFE74" box="[961,1089,423,448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">H. sazimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023091CE8283C32CFE74" box="[1210,1382,423,448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023091CE8283C32CFE74" box="[1210,1382,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have a yellow base on dorsal and anal fin and a yellow dorsal fin outer margin while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023091E082E9C35EFE52" box="[1172,1300,461,486]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023091E082E9C35EFE52" box="[1172,1300,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have black pigments on the base of the dorsal fin, and its outer margin is not yellow. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023091E382D0C30CFDB9" box="[1175,1350,500,525]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023091E382D0C30CFDB9" box="[1175,1350,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a reddish-pink body color and a black spot at the base of caudal, whereas the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023091FF813EC34DFD87" box="[1163,1287,538,563]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023091FF813EC34DFD87" box="[1163,1287,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a body whitish without the spot at the base of caudal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8A023097CE8165C548FDEF" box="[698,770,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1221,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1221,1642]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparison of color photographs of Halichoeres bathyphilus (A) terminal phase male, (B) initial phase / female and H. sazimai (C) terminal phase male, (D) initial phase / female. Photographs by (A-B) W. Smith-Vaniz and (C- D) A. Carvalho-Filho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274826/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved specimens could also be distinguished by its coloration, since in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094FD814CC477FD35" box="[393,573,616,641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094FD814CC477FD35" box="[393,573,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mid-body stripe is lost with only the two black blotches above the pectoral fin remaining on homogenous body color, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096FB81ABC25AFD1C" box="[911,1040,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096FB81ABC25AFD1C" box="[911,1040,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the stripe is retained and is very conspicuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF8A0230944C8191C734FD7B" box="[312,382,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[255,1369,197,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1399,178,1304]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of preserved specimens of Halichoeres sazimai, (A) holotype ZUEC 6323, (B) paratype MZUSP 98973, and H. bathyphilus UF 203925. Photographs by J. L. Gasparini and J. - C. Joyeux." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274827/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8A023095B281F8C331FC6A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Sequence divergence at the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023091D981F8C37EFD41" box="[1197,1332,732,757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023091D981F8C37EFD41" box="[1197,1332,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230900B81F8C76AFCAF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bathyphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230900B81F8C76AFCAF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bathyphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(its sister species) is 1.02%. Even though this distance is smaller than that observed in other sister species pairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A02309425800DC795FCF6" box="[337,479,809,834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A02309425800DC795FCF6" box="[337,479,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Atlantic (2.2 to 6% in other pairs;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8A023096C9800DC207FCF7" author="Rocha" box="[957,1101,809,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" refString="Rocha, L. A. (2004) Mitochondrial DNA and color pattern variation in three western Atlantic Halichoeres (Labridae), with the revalidation of two species. Copeia, 2004, 770 - 782." type="journal article" year="2004">Rocha 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8A0230912C800DC32CFCF7" author="Weaver" box="[1112,1382,809,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" refString="Weaver, D. C. & Rocha, L. A. (2007) A new species of Halichoeres (Teleostei: Labridae) from the western Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, 2007, 798 - 807." type="journal article" year="2007">Weaver & Rocha 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we think that the genetic difference in combination with the color pattern differences presented herein warrant the recognition of this species. Using the molecular clock proposed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096B78053C219FC24" box="[963,1107,887,912]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096B78053C219FC24" box="[963,1107,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8A023091178052C3DDFC24" author="Barber" box="[1123,1431,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="45" refString="Barber, P. & Bellwood, D. R. (2005) Biodiversity hotspots: evolutionary origins of biodiversity in wrasses (Halichoeres: Labridae) in the Indo-Pacific and new world tropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35, 235 - 253." type="journal article" year="2005">Barber & Bellwood 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF8A023095E380B9C7E3FC03" author="Weaver" box="[151,425,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" refString="Weaver, D. C. & Rocha, L. A. (2007) A new species of Halichoeres (Teleostei: Labridae) from the western Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, 2007, 798 - 807." type="journal article" year="2007">Weaver & Rocha 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) this distance corresponds to a separation of approximately 300,000 years, however, this time frame must be taken as a rough estimate because of the error associated with the molecular clock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8A023095B280CEC49DF996" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Among other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230949080CEC438FBB7" box="[484,626,1002,1027]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230949080CEC438FBB7" box="[484,626,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8A0230967B80CEC51DFBB0" box="[783,855,1002,1028]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
that resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230917780CEC2CAFBB7" box="[1027,1152,1002,1027]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230917780CEC2CAFBB7" box="[1027,1152,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in color, juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230900B80CEC743FB9E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230900B80CEC743FB9E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094318735C79EFB9E" box="[325,468,1041,1066]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penrosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094318735C79EFB9E" box="[325,468,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. penrosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a white body with a dark stripe running along the mid-body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230907D8735C6BBFBE5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230907D8735C6BBFBE5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A02309739871CC4AAFBE5" box="[589,736,1080,1105]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A02309739871CC4AAFBE5" box="[589,736,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing a single pore in each lateral line scale while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023095E3877BC762FBCC" box="[151,296,1119,1144]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023095E3877BC762FBCC" box="[151,296,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has anterior lateral-line scales with more than one pore. Additionally, the posterior two thirds of the mid-body stripe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094D587A1C454FB2A" box="[417,542,1157,1182]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094D587A1C454FB2A" box="[417,542,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consisted in a line of close-set spots in a zigzag pattern on alternate scales of two adjoining rows while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094928788C43DFB71" box="[486,631,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094928788C43DFB71" box="[486,631,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mid-body stripe is a sequence of close-set spots in the same row. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230946887F7C7D4FB58" box="[284,414,1235,1260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230946887F7C7D4FB58" box="[284,414,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094AE87F7C43BFB58" box="[474,625,1235,1260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094AE87F7C43BFB58" box="[474,625,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are allopatric. The known range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230915287F7C2F7FB58" box="[1062,1213,1235,1260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230915287F7C2F7FB58" box="[1062,1213,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the South West Atlantic is restricted to the North Eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8A0230978887DDC503FAA7" box="[764,841,1273,1299]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Parcel Manuel Luiz to the hump of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8A0230903F87DDC3D2FAA7" box="[1355,1432,1273,1299]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094758604C7CBFA8D" box="[257,385,1312,1337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094758604C7CBFA8D" box="[257,385,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs only in the South Eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF8A0230960B8604C581FA8E" box="[895,971,1312,1338]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina States.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230959F8663C790FAD4" box="[235,474,1351,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230959F8663C790FAD4" box="[235,474,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096458663C5F3FAD4" box="[817,953,1351,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penrosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096458663C5F3FAD4" box="[817,953,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. penrosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing 12 soft rays in the anal fin and two pairs of enlarged canines anteriorly in lower jaw vs. 11 soft rays in the anal fin and a single pair of enlarged canines anteriorly in lower jaw. The mid-body stripe in juveniles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230916086B0C2D4FA19" box="[1044,1182,1428,1453]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penrosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230916086B0C2D4FA19" box="[1044,1182,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. penrosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230900B86B0C6BCFA60" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230900B86B0C6BCFA60" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, covering two or more rows continuously, and is black, whereas it is golden or dark yellow in juveniles
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230947C86C5C7C4FA4E" box="[264,398,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230947C86C5C7C0FA4E" box="[264,394,1505,1530]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">H. sazimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Moreover, the body of juveniles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230966386C5C5EAFA4E" box="[791,928,1505,1530]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penrosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230966386C5C5EAFA4E" box="[791,928,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. penrosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not entirely white, being the upper body brownish-pink from the head to caudal peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8A023095B2850AC4F2F8C9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230945C850BC7FCF9FC" box="[296,438,1583,1608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230945C850BC7FCF9FC" box="[296,438,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occurring in other biogeographical provinces, juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A02309197850BC3D1F9FC" box="[1251,1435,1583,1608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A02309197850BC3D1F9FC" box="[1251,1435,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. maculipinna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical North Western Atlantic and initial phase adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096A38571C236F9DA" box="[983,1148,1621,1646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096A38571C236F9DA" box="[983,1148,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical Indo- Pacific most resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023094C78558C473F921" box="[435,569,1660,1685]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023094C78558C473F921" box="[435,569,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in color.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023097C68558C5FAF921" box="[690,944,1660,1685]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023097C68558C5FAF921" box="[690,944,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from juveniles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230900B8558C767F908" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230900B8558C767F908" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. maculipinna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the same diagnostic characteristics showed above for juveniles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230912E8587C2AFF908" box="[1114,1253,1699,1724]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penrosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230912E8587C2AFF908" box="[1114,1253,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. penrosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for the upper body being yellowish-green. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023097E385EDC55FF956" box="[663,789,1737,1762]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023097E385EDC55FF956" box="[663,789,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230912085EDC2B8F956" box="[1108,1266,1737,1762]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230912085EDC2B8F956" box="[1108,1266,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing 12 anal soft rays vs. 11. Additionally, the mid-body stripe of initial phase adults
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A0230910D85D4C354F8BD" box="[1145,1310,1776,1801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A0230910D85D4C354F8BD" box="[1145,1310,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
starts just behind the eye to the upper part of the caudal peduncle while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096DF8433C264F884" box="[939,1070,1815,1840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096DF8433C264F884" box="[939,1070,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it start at snout and continues through the eye to the mid of tail. The mid-body stripe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023096498419C591F8E2" box="[829,987,1853,1878]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023096498419C591F8E2" box="[829,987,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">H. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slight curved towards the dorsal fin at its anterior part while straight in
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023097478440C4F2F8C9" box="[563,696,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF8A023097478440C4FEF8C9" box="[563,692,1892,1917]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">H. sazimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF8A023F95B284AEC76BFD83" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,1111]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF8A023095B284AEC7A4F810" bold="true" box="[198,494,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Habitat and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was regularly observed foraging solitary on sand bottoms immediately adjacent to the lower end of rocky reefs. Harems composed of a few (five to ten) individuals are not common but occasionally seen. Sometimes the fish venture over the reefs, but generally never shallower than
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF85023F95A683BCC745FF06" box="[210,271,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth depending on water temperature (they seem to be associated with temperatures lower than 18o C).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF85023F959D83E5C740FF6F" box="[233,266,193,219]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
observed in other labrids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F973C83E5C573FF6E" box="[584,825,193,218]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F973C83E5C573FF6E" box="[584,825,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forages mostly on mobile invertebrates on soft and hard substratum, being more commonly observed foraging on sand bottoms. This behavior makes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F906A83CCC3D6FEB5" box="[1310,1436,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F906A83CCC3D6FEB5" box="[1310,1436,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a potential nuclear species in following associations, as it has been observed in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F9079822BC3D6FE9C" box="[1293,1436,271,296]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F9079822BC3D6FE9C" box="[1293,1436,271,296]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Halichoeres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF85023F95EB8211C771FEFB" author="Strand" box="[159,315,309,335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="46" refString="Strand, S. (1988) Following behavior: interspecific foraging association among Gulf of California reef fishes. Copeia, 1988, 351 - 357." type="journal article" year="1988">Strand 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF85023F943D8211C47FFEFB" author="Sazima" box="[329,565,309,335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="46" refString="Sazima, C., Krajewski, J. P., Bonaldo, R. M. & Sazima, I. (2007) Nuclear-follower foraging associations of reef fishes and other animals at an oceanic island. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 351 - 361." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Sazima
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F94D88212C7A9FEFB" box="[428,483,310,335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and underwater observations revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F91288212C2ABFEFB" box="[1116,1249,310,335]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F91288212C2ABFEFB" box="[1116,1249,310,335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">H. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is followed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F95E38278C7FFFEC1" box="[151,437,348,373]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Haemulidae" genus="Haemulon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F95E38278C7FFFEC1" box="[151,437,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Haemulon aurolineatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="73902A71FF85023F94B08278C446FEC2" box="[452,524,348,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,1167,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,1167,1923]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. A terminal phase Halichoeres sazimai foraging while being followed by a Haemulon aurolineatum school at Laje de Santos Marine State Park. Photograph by O. J. Luiz Jr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274829/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was also observed acting as a follower of other nuclear species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3A4B05FF85023F90528278C74AFE28" author="Luiz" pageId="8" pageNumber="46" refString="Luiz Jr., O. J., Carvalho-Filho, A., Ferreira, C. E. L., Floeter, S. R., Gasparini, J. L. & Sazima, I. (2008) The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1807, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Luiz Jr.
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F90F38278C6FCFE28" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F940C82A7C4C4FE28" box="[376,654,387,412]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Dactylopteridae" genus="Dactylopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F940C82A7C4C4FE28" box="[376,654,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Dactylopterus volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F97EA82A7C5E9FE28" box="[670,931,387,412]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Pseudocaranx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentex">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F97EA82A7C5E9FE28" box="[670,931,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Pseudocaranx dentex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F969482A7C359FE28" box="[992,1299,387,412]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mullidae" genus="Pseudupeneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F969482A7C359FE28" box="[992,1299,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Pseudupeneus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Spawning occurs during the summer, probably from December to March, and the juveniles (
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF85023F9116828DC2FDFE77" box="[1122,1207,425,451]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL) associate with the substrate, mainly reef sheltered areas and algae patches. They may be observed mixed in small groups with juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F944282D3C7D0FDA4" box="[310,410,503,528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F944282D3C7D0FDA4" box="[310,410,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">H. poeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F94A482D3C430FDA4" box="[464,634,503,528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F94A482D3C430FDA4" box="[464,634,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as with larger females of its own species (A. Carvalho-Filho, pers. com.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF85023F95B28167C734FC50" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF85023F95B28167C734FC50" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F95B28167C7B5FDEA" bold="true" box="[198,511,579,606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAB4D77FF85023F97728160C4BCFDE9" box="[518,758,580,605]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Halichoeres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F97728160C4BCFDE9" box="[518,758,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Halichoeres sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently restricted to the South Eastern and Southern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF85023F9475814EC705FD30" box="[257,335,618,644]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Linhares, Espírito Santo State (J. L. Gasparini pers. com.) to the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve, Santa Catarina State (D.R. Barneche pers. com.). A single specimen was collected in North Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF85023F9425819CC7E8FD66" box="[337,418,696,722]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at Arembepe, Bahia State (record based on one juvenile recruit collected by A. Carvalho-Filho; MZUSP 46386), but no established population was found there. It is most commonly observed at the deeper parts of rocky reefs on the islands of São Paulo State (Laje de Santos, Alcatrazes and Vitória islands), and Rio de Janeiro State (Cagarras Archipelago and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF85023F96948008C245FCF2" box="[992,1039,812,838]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Ilha</collectingCountry>
|
||
de Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo). These fish were not abundant in visual census performed from 20 to 35 meters deep in the Brazilian South Eastern coast (mean density for Arraial do Cabo 23°S, 42°W = 0.1 /
|
||
<quantity id="2C539B11FF85023F96CB8058C5B9FC22" box="[959,1011,892,918]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="40.0">40m</quantity>
|
||
2).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="93BC7664FF85023F91608058C27FFC22" box="[1044,1077,892,918]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
this species is restricted to the deeper part of the reefs and shows apparently low abundance, one need to have caution in categorizing its conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A3B1657FFF85023F95B280D4C413FBE3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1436F4FF85023F95B280D4C413FBE3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9DFEAE6FF85023F95B280D4C719FBBE" bold="true" box="[198,339,1008,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name honors Dr. Ivan Sazima for his contributions to the advancement of the natural history and taxonomy of Brazilian reef fishes, as well for his exemplary guidance, which influenced a generation of Brazilian ichthyologists.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |