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<mods:title id="D37216FECC947C3DDE6E9DF8D44CC8EF">The first Rhynchomicropteron Annandale, 1912 (Diptera, Phoridae) species from the Palearctic region, with taxonomic and faunistic notes on the fauna of Israel</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C349D5E4875FFFC2A8F4FB8A61A5317B" box="[151,713,1109,1135]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8F4FB8A61A5317B" blockId="1.[151,713,1109,1135]" box="[151,713,1109,1135]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D0A43103875FFFC2A8F4FB8A61A5317B" bold="true" box="[151,713,1109,1135]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2A8F4FB8A61A5317B" bold="true" box="[151,713,1109,1135]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2A88DFB8A61A5317B" ID-CoL="79LC" ID-ENA="2879571" authority="Annandale, 1912" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1912" box="[238,713,1109,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2A88DFB8A6283317B" bold="true" box="[238,495,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Rhynchomicropteron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2FB9E875FFFC2A995FB8A61A5317B" author="Annandale" box="[502,713,1109,1135]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refString="Annandale, N. (1912) Description of a micropterous fly of the family Phoridae associated with ants. Spolia Zeylanica, Colombo, 8, 85 - 89." type="journal article" year="1912">Annandale, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C349D5E4875FFFC1A8F4FB426640341C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8F4FB42604B31A6" blockId="1.[151,807,1180,1202]" box="[151,807,1180,1202]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="54E838CD875FFFC2A8F4FB4263A431A6" box="[151,200,1181,1202]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2A945FB43604B31A6" authority="Annandale, 1912" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1912" box="[294,807,1180,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puliciforme">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2A945FB43611931A6" box="[294,629,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Rhynchomicropteron puliciforme</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2FB9E875FFFC2AA18FB43604B31A6" author="Annandale" box="[635,807,1180,1202]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refString="Annandale, N. (1912) Description of a micropterous fly of the family Phoridae associated with ants. Spolia Zeylanica, Colombo, 8, 85 - 89." type="journal article" year="1912">Annandale, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8F4FB0060963093" blockId="1.[151,1436,1247,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
The Oriental genus
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2A916FB00613331E3" box="[373,607,1247,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2A916FB00613331E3" box="[373,607,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Rhynchomicropteron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes 19 species which are mainly known from female specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6D1B3D4875FFFC2A88FFADC622E300F" box="[236,322,1283,1307]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,283,1054]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Rhynchomicropteron species with their known distribution and with which sex has been have been known hitherto. Species male female Distribution" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2CD6E7875CFFC1A8F4FF47679E35CB" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="DF2CD6E7875CFFC1A8F4FF47679E35CB">Table 1</tableCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13689AEA875FFFC2A903FADC62C5300F" box="[352,425,1283,1307]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 2" captionStartId="1.[151,264,814,837]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,790]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,791]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 2. Collecting sites in Israel (1); Distribution of the known Rhynchomicropteron species (2). Numbers in squares refer to males, circles to females. (Numbers refer to: 1. R. aphidiforme; 2. R. beaveri; 3. R. bifidspinarum; 4. R. brevipes; 5. R. caecutiens; 6. R. curvescens; 7. R. dudichi; 8. R. ellwoodi; 9. R. kuslitzkyi sp. n.; 10. R. laticosta; 11. R. micraphidiforme; 12. R. muluense; 13. R. necaphidiforme; 14. R. necbeaveri; 15. R. nepalensis; 16. R. nudicosta; 17. R. nudiventer; 18. R. puliciforme; 19. R. silvestrii; 20. R. vallacki.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207379/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). For more than 80 years, males of this genus were included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2AD75FADC6250302B" authority="Schmitz, 1929" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Gymnoselia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2AD75FADC66F0300F" box="[1302,1436,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Gymnoselia</emphasis>
Schmitz, 1929
</taxonomicName>
, now a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2AA09FAF86090302B" authority="Brown 1992" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1992" box="[618,1020,1319,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2AA09FAF86039302B" box="[618,853,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Rhynchomicropteron</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2FB9E875FFFC2AB00FAF86098302B" author="Brown" box="[867,1012,1319,1343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refString="Brown, B. V. (1992) Life history, immature stages and undescribed male of Rhynchomicropteron (Diptera: Phoridae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 407 - 416." type="journal article" year="1992">Brown 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. So far there is only a single species,
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2A8F4FA9362DB3077" authority="Papp, 1982" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,439,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudiventer">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2A8F4FA9362433077" box="[151,303,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">R. nudiventer</emphasis>
Papp, 1982
</taxonomicName>
of which both sexes are known. There are two more species described based on males, but these may be conspecific with other species known from female sex only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8A6FA4C660F332F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1247,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
The sexual dimorphism is striking in this genus, but not unparalleled in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2AC07FA4C67A730BF" box="[1124,1227,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
. The females have rudimentary wings, and eyes (composed by less than 20 ommatidia), strongly swollen abdomen with few or no sclerotised tergites, fully membranous sternites, and very long proboscis. On the contrary, the congeneric males look like a “usual” phorid (
<figureCitation id="13689AEA875FFFC2A9A9FA2061633303" box="[458,527,1535,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,296,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[194,1399,193,1965]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 5. Rhynchomicropteron kuslitzkyi sp. n. 3, habitus of male and female; 4, female lateral view; 5, female dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207380/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This phenomenon is in connection with the different biology and habitat of the males and the females. Females live together with ants or termites (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2FB9E875FFFC2ABEAF9FC6771332F" author="Disney" box="[905,1053,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1999) Two new species of Rhynchomicropteron (Diptera: Phoridae) from Borneo. Sociobiology, 34, 429 - 432." type="journal article" year="1999">Disney 1999</bibRefCitation>
), while males are free living.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8A6F998675233FB" blockId="1.[151,1436,1247,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
Males are usually much bigger than females and are supposedly able to lift up the flightless females and carry them to another ant colony. The circumstances of the capture of
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2ABE2F9B367673397" box="[897,1035,1643,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuslitzkyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2ABE2F9B367673397" box="[897,1035,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">R. kuslitzkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2AC77F9B4673A3397" bold="true" box="[1044,1110,1643,1667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214E706875FFFC2AC77F9B4673A3397" box="[1044,1110,1643,1667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
confirm this supposition. In 2009 Dr. Amnon Freidberg (Tel-Aviv University,
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2AAA7F950606833B3" box="[708,772,1679,1703]" name="Israel" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
) sent me wingless phorids from a Malaise trap. It was very improbable that the wingless females could climb up into the trap, they should be brought up by males or by phoresy, therefore the remaining trap material was sorted and
<specimenCount id="9D554DE6875FFFC2AB2FF90860DC33FB" box="[844,944,1751,1775]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
were found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8A6F9236385324F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1247,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
It should be noted that the correct spelling in case of two species are
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2AB81F92463A33223" authority="Disney, 1981" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muluense">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2AB81F92466533207" box="[994,1343,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Rhynchomicropteron muluense</emphasis>
Disney, 1981
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2A965F8FF615D3223" authority="Disney, 1991" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1991" box="[262,561,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalense">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2A965F8FF62FA3223" box="[262,406,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">R. nepalense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2FB9E875FFFC2A9FEF8C0615D3223" author="Disney" box="[413,561,1823,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1991) Family Phoridae, in Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera, 7, 143 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Disney, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(described as
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2AAB7F8FF600F3223" box="[724,867,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muluensis">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2AAB7F8FF600F3223" box="[724,867,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">R. muluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2ABF8F8FF675C3223" box="[923,1072,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2ABF8F8FF675C3223" box="[923,1072,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">R. nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) according to the rules of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2FB9E875FFFC2AD39F8C06388324F" author="ICZN" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refString="International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature [the Code]. Fourth edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c / o Natural History Museum, London. i - xxix, + 306 pp. [online version at http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp]" type="book" year="1999">
<collectionCode id="ED421EAA875FFFC2AD39F8C066F73223" box="[1370,1435,1823,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">ICZN</collectionCode>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875FFFC2A8A6F8B767F532D3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1247,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
In the collection of Los Angeles County Museum,
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2AB49F8B8600E326B" box="[810,866,1895,1919]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED421EAA875FFFC2AB15F8B860A6326B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[886,970,1895,1919]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">LACM</collectionCode>
) and in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (
<collectionCode id="ED421EAA875FFFC2A91DF85462BB32B7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" box="[382,471,1931,1955]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">HNHM</collectionCode>
) there are undescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875FFFC2AABFF85460AA32B7" box="[732,966,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875FFFC2AABFF85460AA32B7" box="[732,966,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Rhynchomicropteron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males from the following countries:
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2AD05F85463BF32D3" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2A8BDF86F626232D3" box="[222,270,1968,1991]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2A97AF870621C32D3" box="[281,368,1967,1991]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2A918F870628D32D3" box="[379,481,1967,1991]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2A98EF870612832D3" box="[493,580,1967,1991]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, Malaysia—LACM;
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875FFFC2AB52F87060EA32D3" box="[817,902,1967,1991]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and Vietnam—HNHM.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2CD6E7875CFFC1A8F4FF47679E35CB" ID-Table-UUID="DF2CD6E7875CFFC1A8F4FF47679E35CB" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2CD6E7875CFFC1A8F4FF47679E35CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[151,1432,283,1054]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875CFFC1A8F4FF47679E35CB" blockId="2.[151,1432,152,264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875CFFC1A8F4FF47626835B9" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875CFFC1A969FF4762B235BA" box="[266,478,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875CFFC1A969FF4762B235BA" box="[266,478,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Rhynchomicropteron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with their known distribution and with which sex has been have been known hitherto. Species male female Distribution
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC866F875CFFC1A8CFFF2C6640341C" blockId="2.[151,1432,152,264]" box="[172,1324,242,264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C53FDEC875CFFC1A8A6FF2D6047341C" authority="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg, 1925" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg" authorityYear="1925" box="[197,811,242,264]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidiforme">
<emphasis id="B9275A7D875CFFC1A8A6FF2D6176341C" box="[197,538,242,264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Rhynchomicropteron aphidiforme</emphasis>
Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg, 1925
</taxonomicName>
- +
<collectingCountry id="F344C6FF875CFFC1AC1BFF2D67B5341C" box="[1144,1241,242,264]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
: Borneo
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>