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<document id="CE66053C09199CEDBFF7C029EDF4AC85" ID-DOI="10.5324/cjcr.v0i30.2240" ID-ISSN="2387-5372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7987298" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1685469670408" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Epler, John H." docDate="2017" docId="03E2824B3D7DB92217E76ACBFE29F896" docLanguage="en" docName="ChiroJChiroRes.30.4-18.pdf" docOrigin="CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 30 (30)" docSource="https://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/chironomus/article/view/2240" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B21B57A70ED88EDAB7971C4BDED0DA62.1:ChiroJChiroRes.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="B21B57A70ED88EDAB7971C4BDED0DA62" docStyleName="ChiroJChiroRes.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Endotribelos" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFDBFA333D7BB92417046A28FFD5FF8F" masterDocTitle="AN ANNOTATED PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF ZURQUÍ, COSTA RICA Abstract Introduction" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="4" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1685624128335" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="97EC50803AF2B48C2DBB5ED7E4762809">AN ANNOTATED PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF ZURQUÍ, COSTA RICA Abstract Introduction</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B593755B3FDA996680922C9B5A883632">Epler, John H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7A7ABCDA38C3E959B8CBE920B85282DA">461 Tiger Hammock Road, Crawfordville, Florida, 32327, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8BE9BC8E16EA150330912D5A1C99BD45">CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E2824B3D7DB92217E76ACBFE29F896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E2824B3D7DB92217E76ACBFE29F896" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E2824B3D7DB92217E76ACBFE29F896" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C35160D63D7DB92217E76ACBFEA5FF74" box="[227,368,227,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF4335D3D7DB92217E76ACBFEA5FF74" blockId="6.[227,764,227,507]" box="[227,368,227,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92217E76ACBFEA5FF74" ID-CoL="4BQF" ID-ENA="611349" authority="Grodhaus" box="[227,368,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92217E76ACBFEA5FF74" bold="true" box="[227,368,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">Endotribelos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35160D63D7DB92216736ACCFE29F896" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF4335D3D7DB92216736ACCFD95FE74" blockId="6.[227,764,227,507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">
- Two described species and one undescribed species were collected. Fourteen specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216406B0CFE69FEB4" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[324,444,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albatum">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216406B0CFE69FEB4" box="[324,444,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. albatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 40 (including two intersex specimens) of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216B16B6CFD97FED4" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[437,578,323,347]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216B16B6CFD97FED4" box="[437,578,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined;
<specimenCount id="9D4DF8D43D7DB92217E76B4CFE42FEF4" box="[227,407,355,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
of the undescribed species were collected. The undescribed species has a long thin anal point and appears similar to, but lighter than, an undescribed species from La Selva, of which I have several reared associations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4335D3D7DB92217E7683AFD86FBA5" blockId="6.[227,764,530,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92217E7683AFEB8FDA5" box="[227,365,530,554]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92217E7683AFEB8FDA5" box="[227,365,530,554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">Endotribelos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4EAC3D7DB9221541683AFD29FDA5" author="Grodhaus, G." box="[581,764,530,554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" pagination="167 - 247" refId="ref9178" refString="Grodhaus, G. 1987. Endochironomus Kieffer, Tribelos Townes, Synendotendipes, n. gen., and Endotribelos, n. gen. (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Nearctic Region. - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 60: 167 - 247." type="journal article" year="1987">Grodhaus (1987)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB922160B681AFD2EFDC5" authority="Sublette, 1960" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1960" box="[271,763,562,586]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia" subGenus="Tribelos">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB922160B681AFD98FDC5" box="[271,589,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">Tendipes (Tribelos) hesperia</emphasis>
Sublette, 1960
</taxonomicName>
(which thus became
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216B8687AFEF0FD05" authority="(Sublette))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Sublette" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperium">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216B8687AFD6FFDE5" box="[444,698,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">Endotribelos hesperium</emphasis>
(Sublette))
</taxonomicName>
, a southern
<collectingCountry id="F35C73CD3D7DB92216AF685AFE18FD05" box="[427,461,626,650]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">US</collectingCountry>
species whose larva has an odd number of teeth on the mentum and a large gap (diastema) between the molar area and the proximal inner tooth of the mandible. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4EAC3D7DB922160268DAFDD0FC85" author="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sasa, M." box="[262,517,754,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref10571" refString="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sasa, M. 1994. Chironomidae collected in Onchocerciasis endemic areas of Guatemala. - Spixiana Supplement 20: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1994">Sublette &amp; Sasa (1994)</bibRefCitation>
described two species from
<collectingCountry id="F35C73CD3D7DB9221619693AFE46FCA5" box="[285,403,786,810]" name="Guatemala" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB9221699693BFDC4FCA5" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[413,529,786,810]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albatum">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB9221699693BFDC4FCA5" box="[413,529,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. albatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB9221541693BFD18FCA5" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[581,717,786,810]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB9221541693BFD18FCA5" box="[581,717,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB9221638691BFE10FCC5" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[316,453,818,842]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB9221638691BFE10FCC5" box="[316,453,818,842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an even number of mental teeth and lacks the mandibular diastema (the larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB922163E695BFE78FC05" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[314,429,882,906]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albatum">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB922163E695BFE78FC05" box="[314,429,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. albatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown). Since then, several more species have been described from South America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4EAC3D7DB9221690699AFD2EFC45" author="Roque, F. O. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S." box="[404,763,946,970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref9943" refString="Roque, F. O. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S. 2008. Four new species of Endotribelos Grodhaus, a common fallen fruit-dwelling chironomid genus in Brazilian streams (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). - Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 43: 191 - 207." type="journal article" year="2008">Roque &amp; Trivinho-Strixino 2008</bibRefCitation>
and Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepenelli 2015), the larvae of which display a variety of those character states. See also
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4EAC3D7DB922168E6E3AFD85FBA5" author="Epler, J. H. &amp; Ekrem, T. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[394,592,1042,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 571" refId="ref8955" refString="Epler, J. H., Ekrem, T. &amp; Cranston, P. S. 2013. 10. The larvae of Chironominae of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Sci. eds): The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, Supplement 66: 1 - 571. pp. 387 - 556." type="journal article" year="2013">Epler et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4335D3D7DB92217E76E69FE29F896" blockId="6.[227,764,1089,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">
Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepenelli (2015) provided keys for the males and known larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB922158C6E49FED7FB16" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB922158C6E49FED7FB16" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">Endotribelos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, male
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216CA6EAAFD8AFB16" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[462,607,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216CA6EAAFD8AFB16" box="[462,607,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will not key correctly because couplet 4 gives one the choice of “base of superior volsella setose” or “base of superior volsella bare”. Choosing “bare” eventually leads to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216686F2AFE20FA96" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[364,501,1281,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216686F2AFE20FA96" box="[364,501,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at couplet 14. However, the base of the superior volsella of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB922156B6F0AFD2EFAB6" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[623,763,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB922156B6F0AFD2EFAB6" box="[623,763,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clothed, ventrally and dorsally, with fine setae. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216596F4AFE39FAF6" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[349,492,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216596F4AFE39FAF6" box="[349,492,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will key to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92215876F4AFDFCFA16" authority="Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepenelli" authorityName="Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepenelli" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaragua">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92215876F4AFD2EFAF6" box="[643,763,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. jaragua</emphasis>
Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepenelli
</taxonomicName>
in couplet 5, from which it may be separated by the darker thorax of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92217E76FEAFEBEFA56" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[227,363,1473,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92217E76FEAFEBEFA56" box="[227,363,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(preepisternum and adjacent sclerites are dark; light in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216A46FCAFDC6FA76" box="[416,531,1506,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaragua">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216A46FCAFDC6FA76" box="[416,531,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. jaragua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Sasa and Sublette’s illustration of the volsella (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4EAC3D7DB922150C6C29FD2DF996" author="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sasa, M." box="[520,760,1537,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref10571" refString="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sasa, M. 1994. Chironomidae collected in Onchocerciasis endemic areas of Guatemala. - Spixiana Supplement 20: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1994">Sublette &amp; Sasa 1994</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 141) does not indicate the presence of setae, which apparently led Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepenelli (2015) to assume the structure was bare.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4EAC3D7DB92217E76CA9FE03F916" author="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sasa, M." box="[227,470,1665,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref10571" refString="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sasa, M. 1994. Chironomidae collected in Onchocerciasis endemic areas of Guatemala. - Spixiana Supplement 20: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1994">Sublette &amp; Sasa (1994</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 135) likewise illustrated the base of the superior volsella of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92215816C8AFD2EF936" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[645,763,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albatum">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92215816C8AFD2EF936" box="[645,763,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. albatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as bare, when it also is clothed with fine setae. I examined
<specimenCount id="9D4DF8D43D7DB92216506CCAFE3EF975" box="[340,491,1762,1786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92215116CCAFD59F976" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[533,652,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albatum">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92215116CCAFD59F976" box="[533,652,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. albatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4DF8D43D7DB92215C26CC9FE9CF895" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">eight paratypes</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B48DE3D7DB92216696D2AFE20F896" authorityName="Sublette &amp; Sasa" authorityYear="1994" box="[365,501,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endotribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grodhausi">
<emphasis id="B93FEF4F3D7DB92216696D2AFE20F896" box="[365,501,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="10">E. grodhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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