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<mods:title id="73CEB1932A422D0448E39A4994C0088E">Reassessment of the taxonomic status of the genera Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 and Oreobates Jiménez­de­la­Espada, 1872, with notes on the synonymy of Leiuperus verrucosus Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Leptodactylidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E1FD465622000D4E36A0D1FB2EFD32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5692093" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119343582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5692093" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E1FD465622000D4E36A0D1FB2EFD32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1FD465622000D4E36A0D1FB2EFD32" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph id="8BF74C505622000C4E36A0D1FCACFAB4" blockId="2.[264,877,1278,1304]" box="[264,877,1278,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0BFFB3C5622000C4E36A0D1FCACFAB4" bold="true" box="[264,877,1278,1304]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4E36A0D1FCACFAB4" bold="true" box="[264,877,1278,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4E61A0D1FCACFAB4" ID-CoL="5586" authority="Reinhardt and Lutken, 1862" authorityName="Reinhardt and Lutken" authorityYear="1862" box="[351,877,1278,1304]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4E61A0D1FDC3FAB4" bold="true" box="[351,514,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4D37A0D1FCACFAB4" author="Reinhardt" box="[521,877,1278,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Reinhardt, J. &amp; Lutken, C. (1862) Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelser forening i Kjobenhavn, 3, 143 - 242, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1862">Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF74C505622000C4E36A166FDFFF987" blockId="2.[264,1324,1353,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Based on a single specimen (currently ZMK 1180),
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4C86A166FAEBFACF" author="Reinhardt" box="[952,1322,1353,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Reinhardt, J. &amp; Lutken, C. (1862) Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelser forening i Kjobenhavn, 3, 143 - 242, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1862">Reinhardt and Lütken (1862)</bibRefCitation>
described a new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4D03A15EFCFCFA26" box="[573,829,1393,1418]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Leiuperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4D03A15EFCFCFA26" box="[573,829,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Leiuperus verrucosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from near Juiz de
<collectingCountry id="F35F0CC05622000C4B0CA15EFBAAFA27" box="[1074,1131,1393,1419]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fora</collectingCountry>
, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F35F0CC05622000C4D2EA1B6FD9DFA1F" box="[528,604,1433,1459]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. In a postscript to the same paper, however, the authors proposed a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4D1DA1EEFD7FFA76" box="[547,702,1473,1498]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4D1DA1EEFD7FFA76" box="[547,702,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to accomodate that species, under the combination
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4E36A1C6FDDEF9AE" box="[264,543,1513,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4E36A1C6FDDEF9AE" box="[264,543,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For a summary of the taxonomic history and redescription of this species, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4EA6A23EFDFBF987" author="Lynch" box="[408,570,1553,1579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1972) Generic partitioning of the South American leptodactylid frog genus Eupsophus Fitzinger 1843 (sensu lato). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science, 71, 2 - 11." type="journal article" year="1972">Lynch (1972)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF74C505622000C4E06A216FBADF95F" blockId="2.[264,1324,1353,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
With the synonymization of
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4DB0A216FCC6F9FE" box="[654,775,1593,1618]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4DB0A216FCC6F9FE" box="[654,775,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Oreobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jiménez­de­la­Espada, 1872 to
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4BB7A216FAE5F9FE" box="[1161,1316,1593,1618]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4BB7A216FAE5F9FE" box="[1161,1316,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this genus also included
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4D15A24EFD70F9D6" box="[555,689,1633,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quixensis">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4D15A24EFD70F9D6" box="[555,689,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. quixensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jiménez­de­la­Espada, 1872), as reviewed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4BDFA24EFDC7F90F" author="Lynch" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Lynch, J. D. &amp; Schwartz, A. (1971) Taxonomic disposition of some 19 th Century leptodactylid frog names. Journal of Herpetology, 5, 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch and Schwartz (1971)</bibRefCitation>
. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4D5AA2A6FCC8F90F" author="Lynch" box="[612,777,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1974) A new species of leptodactylid frog (Ischnocnema) from the Cordillera del Condor in Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 85 - 87." type="journal article" year="1974">Lynch (1974)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4C26A2A6FC26F90F" author="Duellman" box="[792,999,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1990) A new species of leptodactylid frog, genus Ischnocnema, from Peru. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of Kansas University, 138, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1990">Duellman (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4CC8A2A6FAE4F90F" author="Harvey" box="[1014,1317,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refString="Harvey, M. B. &amp; Keck, M. B. (1995) A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from high elevations in the Andes of central Bolivia. Herpetologica, 51, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="1995">Harvey and Keck (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4E04A29EFDD8F967" box="[314,537,1713,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Padial, J. M., Reichle, S. &amp; De la Riva, I. (2005) New species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Andes of Bolivia. Journal of Herpetology, 39, 186 - 191." type="journal article">Padial et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4DA7A29EFCE0F966" box="[665,801,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simmonsi">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4DA7A29EFCE0F966" box="[665,801,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. simmonsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4C11A29EFC6BF966" box="[815,938,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4C11A29EFC6BF966" box="[815,938,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4C86A29EFBB3F966" box="[952,1138,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctaecrucis">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4C86A29EFBB3F966" box="[952,1138,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. sanctaecrucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4B8DA29EFAE2F966" box="[1203,1315,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanderi">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4B8DA29EFAE2F966" box="[1203,1315,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. sanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively, completing the six species currently recognized in the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF74C505622000D4E06A32EFB2EFD32" blockId="2.[264,1324,1353,1899]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4E80A32EFD98F8B6" box="[446,601,1793,1818]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4E80A32EFD98F8B6" box="[446,601,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4CBBA32EFB98F8B6" box="[901,1113,1793,1818]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4CBBA32EFB98F8B6" box="[901,1113,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lynch (1971, 1972) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15622000C4EBAA306FD07F8EF" author="Lynch" box="[388,710,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Lynch, J. D. &amp; Schwartz, A. (1971) Taxonomic disposition of some 19 th Century leptodactylid frog names. Journal of Herpetology, 5, 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch and Schwartz (1971)</bibRefCitation>
mainly on basis of the shape of the distal phalanges: T­shaped in
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4EA2A37EFDB1F8C6" box="[412,624,1873,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4EA2A37EFDB1F8C6" box="[412,624,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and knobbed in
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35622000C4C7DA37EFC1FF8C6" box="[835,990,1873,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425622000C4C7DA37EFC1FF8C6" box="[835,990,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The other characters listed for
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4E06A533FE12FE99" box="[312,467,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4E06A533FE12FE99" box="[312,467,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lynch (1971) are included in the variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4B68A533FAEBFE99" box="[1110,1322,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4B68A533FAEBFE99" box="[1110,1322,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characters, except by the anterior rami of pterygoids reaching the neopalatines in
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4E36A543FE62FE29" box="[264,419,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4E36A543FE62FE29" box="[264,419,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD931A15623000D4E8AA543FCC1FE2A" author="Lynch" box="[436,768,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Lynch, J. D. &amp; Schwartz, A. (1971) Taxonomic disposition of some 19 th Century leptodactylid frog names. Journal of Herpetology, 5, 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch and Schwartz (1971)</bibRefCitation>
examined only specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4B52A543FB35FE29" box="[1132,1268,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quixensis">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4B52A543FB35FE29" box="[1132,1268,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. quixensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Lynch (1971, 1972) also examined the
<typeStatus id="54F3F2F25623000D4DE0A5BBFC85FE02" box="[734,836,404,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4C4EA5BBFC3EFE01" box="[880,1023,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4C4EA5BBFC3EFE01" box="[880,1023,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although apparently did not observe the condition of its phalanx. Osteological characters listed by Lynch (1971) to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4E40A5CBFDD9FE51" box="[382,536,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4E40A5CBFDD9FE51" box="[382,536,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed by the author in
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4CAEA5CBFBD4FE51" box="[912,1045,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quixensis">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4CAEA5CBFBD4FE51" box="[912,1045,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. quixensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sole species of this genus cleared and stained in his work. The osteological features herein observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4A27A623FEBCFDE1" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4A27A623FEBCFDE1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agree with that attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4DDDA61BFC79FDE1" box="[739,952,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4DDDA61BFC79FDE1" box="[739,952,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lynch (1971) but not with that attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4EE9A673FDB3FDD9" box="[471,626,604,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4EE9A673FDB3FDD9" box="[471,626,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by this author. These findings permit the association of
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4A27A673FEBCFD31" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4A27A673FEBCFD31" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="54F3F2F25623000D4EB2A6ABFE7EFD32" box="[396,447,644,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4D86A6ABFC92FD31" box="[696,851,644,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4D86A6ABFC92FD31" box="[696,851,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4837D35623000D4B2AA6ABFB29FD31" box="[1044,1256,644,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C90425623000D4B2AA6ABFB29FD31" box="[1044,1256,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>