176 lines
36 KiB
XML
176 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="6DD058EBCF8C62F9585BA10A0A71CDB1" ID-CLB-Dataset="7106" ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.26.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5faf6141-44b0-4d8e-95cb-8dd6067d2b6e" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585274" ID-ZooBank="FED7D8D3-F9F5-4D12-A606-A8DEAB7D3B55" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614947859782" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nishikawa, Teruaki & Namikawa, Hiroshi" docDate="2021" docId="03D8B2799A3FFFD4FC7AFE101A175403" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.26.1.1-5.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 26 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.26.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Ascidia protecta Van Name, Conception Bay, Gulf 1945" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFE1CA019A3EFFD6FFC6FC1B1F675359" masterDocTitle="A Detailed Description of the Long-Overlooked Tunicate Ascidia protecta (Ascidiacea), Based on the Type and Non-Type Specimens from the Gulf of California" masterLastPageNumber="5" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698932838260" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="32E8AE89BF1482E088EF2F26432FCBA8">
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<mods:title id="826EDD776F7B7DCB5C26FE3E692130D3">A Detailed Description of the Long-Overlooked Tunicate Ascidia protecta (Ascidiacea), Based on the Type and Non-Type Specimens from the Gulf of California</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A525B8DF34AA9F7CE75B0949F15BEA61" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4331E4AC17ED0D972E314ECA7B9E5F89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D0884AC47A7B64478B254A01A16A8DC4">Nishikawa, Teruaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF21C204A807789DC96F20CE9FE5E472">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan E-mail: nishikawateruaki @ gmail. com & Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="09B3F92FA7BFECDD0796EBBF1F684FC2" type="email">nishikawateruaki@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D48A5143668767CD3511558FD91106AC">Namikawa, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EDB7CEF60E4F5A804D7B1E0355A88684">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan E-mail: nishikawateruaki @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C764BC0F9280F3DAF6466033243AFEB5" type="email">nishikawateruaki@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F74268624DD62F8BB45EF3257A56EA2">
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<mods:title id="DC7EB60B3B625A44C1B06157AC47EF71">Species Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="404A738D71CEF22E9762DE48A1E54E54">
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<mods:date id="F0425B542F3F5182FC57AAF740DF4E24">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="78390A979F2943C7E21A92542FAA827E">2021-01-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5B78FC0F9CC57686B7ECA3C4BEFA1B18">26</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="EB38671B17A75D8EAD06C6AA1DB5DC44">http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.26.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03D8B2799A3FFFD4FC7AFE101A175403" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181851144" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4734662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8B2799A3FFFD4FC7AFE101A175403" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B2799A3FFFD4FC7AFE101A175403" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C36B50E49A3FFFD7FC7AFE101BA1511D" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3FFFD7FC7AFE101BA1511D" blockId="1.[956,1296,523,580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D086B4039A3FFFD7FC7AFE101BA1511D" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7178EC9A3FFFD7FC7AFE101A77517D" authority="Van Name, 1945" authorityName="Van Name, Conception Bay, Gulf" authorityYear="1945" box="[956,1296,523,548]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="protecta">
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<emphasis id="B905DF7D9A3FFFD7FC7AFE101B03517A" bold="true" box="[956,1124,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ascidia protecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE07E9E9A3FFFD7FBACFE171A77517D" author="Van Name, W." box="[1130,1296,524,548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref4286" refString="Van Name, W. 1945. The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 84: 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FBCBFE371B0C511D" box="[1037,1131,556,580]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionStartId-1="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,766,1307,1988]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId-0="figure-770@1.[158,766,1306,1989]" captionTargetId-1="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Map showing localities of Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945, including unconfirmed “Angel de la Guardia Island”." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585276" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4585276/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6F336D49A3FFFD7FBB3FE371BDB511D" box="[1141,1212,556,580]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[156,204,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of morphological features among Ascidia species with the mantle (except siphonal) musculature comprising only short dense transverse fibers along the dorsal edge." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0E53E79A3DFFD5FF5AFCA51D0F53A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="DF0E53E79A3DFFD5FF5AFCA51D0F53A9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B50E49A3FFFD7FCF3FE761A3C51DC" box="[821,1371,621,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3FFFD7FCF3FE761A3C51DC" blockId="1.[821,1371,621,645]" box="[821,1371,621,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6124419A3FFFD7FCF3FE761A3C51DC" box="[821,1371,621,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD0257E9A3FFFD7FCF3FE761A3051DC" author="Van Name, W." box="[821,1367,621,645]" page="191" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1945">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7178EC9A3FFFD7FCF3FE761A3051DC" authority="Van Name, 1945: 190 - 191" authorityName="Van Name" authorityPageNumber="190 - 191" authorityYear="1945" box="[821,1367,621,645]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sydneiensis" subSpecies="protecta">
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<emphasis id="B905DF7D9A3FFFD7FCF3FE761B2051DC" box="[821,1095,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ascidia sydneiensis protecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE07E9E9A3FFFD7FB8BFE751A3051DC" author="Van Name, W." box="[1101,1367,621,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref4286" refString="Van Name, W. 1945. The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 84: 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945: 190–191</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B50E49A3FFFD4FC88FEB51CAB550C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3FFFD7FC88FEB51B9C5734" blockId="1.[821,1432,686,2077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B905DF7D9A3FFFD7FC88FEB51CB5519F" bold="true" box="[846,978,686,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description.</emphasis>
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Body 26.0–
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<quantity id="4C89AE8A9A3FFFD7FB8BFEB51BC3519F" box="[1101,1188,686,710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="61.7">61.7 mm</quantity>
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long, with oval outline, flattened laterally, and attached to substratum usually by entire right (usually more or less depressed) side (entire left side in
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<typeStatus id="54CABDCD9A3FFFD7FC42FF0B1B755071" box="[900,1042,784,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
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). Both siphons conspicuous, 6-lobed, completely surrounded by a longitudinally elongate, conspicuously ridged oval ring (
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<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FBA5FF4A1BB75030" box="[1123,1232,849,873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2A, F</figureCitation>
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) (a low ridge only on right side in AMNH Ch. 1739), with minute conical or round papillae, up to
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<quantity id="4C89AE8A9A3FFFD7FBC8FF891B3F50F3" box="[1038,1112,914,938]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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tall (
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<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FB4AFF891BBF50F3" box="[1164,1240,914,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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) (type specimens), or elongate conical projections extending onto ridge and siphon vicinity, up to
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<quantity id="4C89AE8A9A3FFFD7FBCCFFC81B2450B2" box="[1034,1091,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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long (NSMT-Pc 4481) (
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<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FAF9FFC81AEA50B2" box="[1343,1421,979,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
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). Tunic cartilaginous; thick (up to
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<quantity id="4C89AE8A9A3FFFD7FB44FFEF1BD85755" box="[1154,1215,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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), rather tough, translucent pale yellowish (49.0–
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<quantity id="4C89AE8A9A3FFFD7FB9AF80F1BD55775" box="[1116,1202,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="61.7">61.7mm</quantity>
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specimens), thin but tough, translucent white (26.0–34.0 mm specimens). Surface sometimes covered with hydrozoan colonies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3FFFD4FC88F86D1CAB550C" blockId="1.[821,1432,686,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[820,1431,1597,1882]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Mantle body often damaged on right side at time of collection (
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<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FC40F88D1C9557F7" box="[902,1010,1174,1198]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2C, H</figureCitation>
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). Branchial siphon terminal, base of more or less elongated atrial siphon at anterior two-fifths of mantle proper (3 larger specimens), near midpoint of mantle (2 smaller specimens); both siphons 6-lobed. Siphonal musculature very well developed; mantle musculature developed only along entire dorsal edge, comprising short, thick, dense, yellowish or fleshy pink transverse fibers (
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<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FB24F9411AEC562B" box="[1250,1419,1370,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2B, C, G, H</figureCitation>
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); muscles absent around neural complex. Epidermis and connective tissue of mantle wall narrowly thickened around siphonal area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FC7DF9A01B6F568A" box="[955,1032,1467,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), probably underlying oval tunic ridge. Tentacles simple, mostly elongated of variable size, distribution crowded, numbering ca. 100 (smaller specimens) to ca. 180 (largest specimen); prebranchial zone narrow, smoothsurfaced. Ciliated groove basically C-shaped with both horns rolled inwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FC1CFA451B4A552F" box="[986,1069,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but often somewhat complicated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FCFAFA651CEC55CF" box="[828,907,1662,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
); a narrow longitudinal groove behind dorsal tubercle 1.5 to 3.5 times as long as tubercle, a neural complex along groove. Edge of dorsal lamina markedly serrated by tips of ribs projecting beyond laminal edge, each rib derived from adjoining transverse vessel. Number of inner longitudinal vessels 36 (L) and>40 (R, uncertain due to damage) in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CABDCD9A3FFFD7FCF3FB591CF55403" box="[821,914,1858,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 44 (L) and 44 (R) in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CABDCD9A3FFFD7FBB0FB591A675403" box="[1142,1280,1858,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 24 (L) and 35 (R) in NSMT-Pc 4481, 45 (L) and 50 (R) in NSMT-Pc 4482; up to 140 transverse vessels; secondary papillae distinct, but lacking intermediate papillae. Up to 12 stigmata per mesh in larger specimens, 3–4 stigmata in smaller specimens. Stomach usually oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FBDBFBFF1B0C54A5" box="[1053,1131,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3FFFD7FAFDFBFF1AEB54A5" box="[1339,1420,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
), located at postero-dorsal corner of mantle body; internal plication obscure. Intestine almost isodiametric (except in lectotype—bottom part of second loop weakly swollen;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3CFFD4FD1FFA451FDD55CF" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Visceral mass occupying posterior 75% (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CABDCD9A3CFFD4FDBCFA651DBE55CF" box="[634,729,1662,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) to 90% of mantle body proper, usually anteriorly well beyond anterior base of atrial siphon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3CFFD4FE1CFAA41D4D5581" box="[474,554,1727,1752]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (except lectotypevisceral mass extending to midlevel of atrial siphon;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3CFFD4FD6CFAFB1D9355A1" box="[682,756,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A tunic vessel issuing from mantle near stomach in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CABDCD9A3CFFD4FD62FB1B1D985441" box="[676,767,1792,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3CFFD4FF65FB3A1F965460" box="[163,241,1825,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CABDCD9A3CFFD4FEF5FB3A1EDA5460" box="[307,445,1825,1849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Bottom (=distal) half of first intestinal loop bent dorsad at 90 degrees or deeper, its axis almost parallel to that of second loop (long axis) of stomach (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A1FEA9A3CFFD4FF65FB981E7754C2" box="[163,272,1923,1947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[189,1398,205,1359]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Ascidia protecta Van Name, 1945 from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10mm; for D–E, 1mm; F–H, 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Second loop very deep, narrow and closed, its axis passing through middle to end of proximal (pre-bent) half of ascending branch of first loop. Rectum short, with bi-lobed anus. Gonad more or less mature in bottom half of first loop, even in smallest specimen (NSMT-Pc 4482, 34.0 mm long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E53E79A3FFFD7FF5AFBF71DCD5B47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585276/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[156,187,2028,2050]" targetBox="[159,766,1307,1988]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3FFFD7FF5AFBF71DCD5B47" blockId="1.[156,768,2028,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Fig. 1. Map showing localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7178EC9A3FFFD7FE33FBF71FAE5B47" authority="Van Name, 1945" authorityName="Van Name, Conception Bay, Gulf" authorityYear="1945" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="protecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905DF7D9A3FFFD7FE33FBF71DEE5B58" box="[501,649,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ascidia protecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE07E9E9A3FFFD7FD53FBF71FAE5B47" author="Van Name, W." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref4286" refString="Van Name, W. 1945. The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 84: 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including unconfirmed “Angel de la Guardia Island”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E53E79A3CFFD4FF5AF96E1C9C56A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[156,187,1397,1419]" targetBox="[189,1398,209,1359]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3CFFD4FF5AF96E1C9C56A2" blockId="2.[156,1432,1397,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Fig. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7178EC9A3CFFD4FF36F96E1D4C56D2" authority="Van Name, 1945" authorityName="Van Name, Conception Bay, Gulf" authorityYear="1945" box="[240,555,1397,1419]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="protecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905DF7D9A3CFFD4FF36F96E1EE456D2" box="[240,387,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ascidia protecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE07E9E9A3CFFD4FE4BF96D1D4C56D2" author="Van Name, W." box="[397,555,1397,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref4286" refString="Van Name, W. 1945. The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 84: 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Gulf of California. A–D, lectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 49.0 mm); E, paralectotype (AMNH No. 1711, 61.7mm); F, NSMT-Pc 4481; G–H, NSMT-Pc 4482. A, tunic, right side, arrow indicates cut made during original examination; B, G, left side of mantle body, LMT and RMT indicate left and right mantle thickening, respectively (probably underlying siphonal area tunic ridge) (both omitted for G); C, H, right side of mantle body (RMT of H omitted); D, E, ciliated groove; F, tunic, left side, hydrozoan colonies over surface omitted. Scales for A–C indicate 10 mm; for D–E, 1 mm; F–H, 5mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36B50E49A3CFFD4FC88FA451A175403" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE036F9A3CFFD4FC88FA451A175403" blockId="2.[820,1431,1597,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905DF7D9A3CFFD4FC88FA451CD5552F" bold="true" box="[846,946,1630,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The examined specimens from the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B5CD8D9A3CFFD4FCF3FA651CFB55CF" box="[821,924,1662,1686]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
can all be regarded as conspecific on the basis of similarities in the tunic depression around the siphonal area with distinct siphons, the mantle musculature (excepting siphonal musculature) situated only along the entire dorsal edge and comprising dense short thick transverse fibers, and a massive visceral mass with a markedly curved first intestinal loop and deep narrow second loop (see also
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F336D49A3CFFD4FADFFB5A1A065403" box="[1305,1377,1857,1882]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[156,204,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of morphological features among Ascidia species with the mantle (except siphonal) musculature comprising only short dense transverse fibers along the dorsal edge." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0E53E79A3DFFD5FF5AFCA51D0F53A9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF0E53E79A3DFFD5FF5AFCA51D0F53A9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |