500 lines
62 KiB
XML
500 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="0B934BB2627B791F1DFD3EE4248972D1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185771" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d2a07c7-a2b4-47c8-8c6a-91bf0b7e9346" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185771" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460016342082" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ohl, Michael" docDate="2009" docId="03802F16FF85FFABE58939D0FD82FD44" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02009p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudoplisus willcoxi Ohl, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB9576EFF84FFADE51E3A49FFCBFFEC" masterDocTitle="A colorful new species of the digger wasp genus Pseudoplisus Ashmead from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Crabronidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698233619649" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="38642DC368900122E788EE9CEB101E03">A colorful new species of the digger wasp genus Pseudoplisus Ashmead from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Crabronidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F437B6E81C78C390287D92FA8DFE8B3">Ohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CB028A56D956E96A4470B881F19FC5BB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="55C7EEE3211C20ACA2CA23A992DB42A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8C534455C77F9FA41BBB820F95B6CF36">
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<mods:date id="5A1EEBB2CA4EFB37E5BF348F6E7FEA54">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FFCA907505A2392C3C56DAFAA0D3A430" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="18C774249EE794BEA2D9B1E9C8DAE13F">2009</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9FFFBDEBF378F05468689380AB8AF19F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7B443F246C078ADFF96CBA2ACE96AE7B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.185771</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CBA0EFEDF1899B7275F783989B20E8D3" type="GBIF-Dataset">6d2a07c7-a2b4-47c8-8c6a-91bf0b7e9346</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B9BF02A768BA678CCBFB8F829C1B2AA4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D46AB5FE35F5B296164EE7251FFBD628" type="Zenodo-Dep">185771</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03802F16FF85FFABE58939D0FD82FD44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6215544" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6215544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03802F16FF85FFABE58939D0FD82FD44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03802F16FF85FFABE58939D0FD82FD44" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF85FFACE58939D0FE34FC5E" box="[151,511,920,947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE58939D0FE34FC5E" blockId="1.[151,511,920,947]" box="[151,511,920,947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0DE296CFF85FFACE58939D0FE34FC5E" bold="true" box="[151,511,920,947]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE58939D0FE34FC5E" bold="true" box="[151,511,920,947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE58939D0FE51FC5F" ID-CoL="4P89X" box="[151,410,921,947]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE58939D0FE51FC5F" bold="true" box="[151,410,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EFF69FF85FFACE4BC39D1FE34FC5E" box="[418,511,920,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF85FFACE58939ABFBB9FBCF" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE58939ABFBB9FBCF" blockId="1.[151,1436,994,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE58939ABFEE8FC10" bold="true" box="[151,291,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The new species epithet,
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE74D39ABFD64FC17" box="[595,687,994,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE74D39ABFD64FC17" box="[595,687,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">willcoxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, refers to the collecting locality of the
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<typeStatus id="549220A2FF85FFACE16639ABFB15FC10" box="[1144,1246,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and most of the
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<typeStatus id="549220A2FF85FFACE5893E40FEC1FBCF" box="[151,266,1033,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, the sandy area southeast of the city of Willcox, Cochise County, Arizona.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF85FFACE5D83E66FD95FA4A" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE5D83E66FBC8FB52" blockId="1.[151,1436,994,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE5D83E66FE8DFBA5" bold="true" box="[198,326,1071,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Within
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE4B83E79FD8AFBA5" box="[422,577,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE4B83E79FD8AFBA5" box="[422,577,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Pseudoplisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the new species is unique in its spectacular color pattern (
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<figureCitation id="13128285FF85FFACE1E83E79FAAAFBA6" box="[1270,1377,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,970,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,970,1935]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. 1 – 3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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): the metasoma is bright yellow and markedly contrasts with a largely black thorax and head and the dark infumate wings.
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE5F33E34FE3BFB7A" box="[237,496,1149,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE5F33E34FE3BFB7A" box="[237,496,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be readily identified based on this character alone and cannot be confused with any other apoid wasp in the southwestern
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<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF85FFACE7A03EEDFC91FB52" box="[702,858,1188,1214]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">United States</collectingCountry>
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known to me.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE5893E82FD95FA4A" blockId="1.[151,1436,994,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE5893E82FE5EFB08" box="[151,405,1227,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE5893E82FE5EFB08" box="[151,405,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs in the assemblage of New World species with the metapleural-propodeal suture simple above the upper fossa (
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<figureCitation id="13128285FF85FFACE7153EB8FD9DFAE7" box="[523,598,1265,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[315,1271,429,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[315,1272,429,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov., male (holotype). 5. Mesosoma in lateral view from left. 6. Illustration of major landmarks and sutures. Details explained in the text. Abbreviations: cl—costal lobe of forewing base; es—episternal sulcus; mp—upper portion of metapleural-propodeal suture; om—omaulus; pl—pronotal lobe; sc—scrobal sulcus; sg—spiracular groove; st—sternaulus; tg—tegula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Besides the unique coloration, it differs from both possible species groups (the
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE43A3F51FE7FFADD" box="[292,436,1304,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE43A3F51FE7FFADD" box="[292,436,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">P. montanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE7043F51FD03FADD" box="[538,712,1304,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE7043F51FD03FADD" box="[538,712,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">P. abdominalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species groups) by having the lateral sulcus of the propodeal enclosure indistinctly pitted. This character state is intermediate between the two groups: in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE0123F76FA50FAB4" box="[1292,1435,1343,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE0123F76FA50FAB4" box="[1292,1435,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">P. montanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group, the lateral propodeal sulcus is markedly coarsely pitted, whereas in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF85FFACE18F3F2CFAF4FA92" box="[1169,1343,1381,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE18F3F2CFAF4FA92" box="[1169,1343,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">P. abdominalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group the sulcus is simple or seamlike.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF85FFA9E5D83F91FB2CFAD6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE5D83F91FE13FA1E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1496,2026]" box="[198,472,1496,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE5D83F91FE13FA1E" bold="true" box="[198,472,1496,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Description of female.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE5DB3FB6FB73F98B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE5DB3FB6FEB6F9F5" bold="true" box="[197,381,1535,1561]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Measurements</emphasis>
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. Total body length (without appendages) 9.4–10.0 mm; maximum head width (including eyes, in frontal view)
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<quantity id="4CD133E5FF85FFACE4BC3C6FFD9EF9AC" box="[418,597,1574,1600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.415" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="2.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.415" valueMax="2.45" valueMin="2.38">2.38–2.45 mm</quantity>
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; interocular ratio (maximum upper distance between eyes divided by minimum lower distance) 1.8; forewing length 8.0–
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<quantity id="4CD133E5FF85FFACE7EB3C04FC9AF98B" box="[757,849,1613,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
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; hindwing length
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<quantity id="4CD133E5FF85FFACE13A3C04FB7EF98B" box="[1060,1205,1613,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.4">6.4–6.9 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFACE5DB3C3AFBA6F870" blockId="1.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF85FFACE5DB3C3AFE87F961" bold="true" box="[197,332,1651,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Coloration</emphasis>
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(as in
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<figureCitation id="13128285FF85FFACE4833C3DFDC4F962" box="[413,527,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,970,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,970,1935]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. 1 – 3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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). Head and mesosoma black except the following. Narrow stripe along inner eye margin above and below antennal socket bright yellow. The following are reddish yellow in most specimens but distinctly yellow in some: mandibular base and antennal base to a varying extent, markings on pronotal collar, and labial and maxillary palps. Otherwise red are: most of lower portion of clypeus, pronotal lobe, one marking each on mesopleuron below and above scrobal sulcus and on metapleuron, posterolateral corner of mesoscutum, most of scutellum (except for narrow, sharply delimited anterior black band), most of metanotum, two indistinct markings on propodeal enclosure, most of propodeal side and declivity behind spiracular groove, legs completely (except narrowly black at extreme base of coxa).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF85FFAFE5DB3DE0FEC7FF34" blockId="1.[151,1437,1496,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Metasoma largely bright yellow, with reddish tinge on sterna I–II to a varying extent. Black are: extreme metasomal base, narrow and irregular basal markings on terga II–IV, all of tergum V except for median yellow spot, pygidial plate except for indistinct reddish marking, sterna III–VI except for some indistinct reddish markings.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF86FFAFE5DB3AACFB7BFF13" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,912]" box="[197,1200,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Stigma and costal vein pale brown, distinctly contrasting with totally infumate wings.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF86FFAFE5DB3B42FA80FDB7" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF86FFAFE5DB3B42FEC3FEC9" bold="true" box="[197,264,267,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13128285FF86FFAFE4063B45FE94FECA" box="[280,351,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,970,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,970,1935]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. 1 – 3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). With sparse, shallow macropunctures, several puncture diameters apart, somewhat coarser on clypeus. Frontal sulcus complete from midocellus to antennal socket level. Ocelli forming low triangle. Distance between hindocelli about equal to ocellocular distance. Inner eye margins converging strongly below; minimum distance (at upper tentorial pits) about half maximum distance (across ocellar triangle). Distances between antennal sockets and between antennal socket and inner eye margin 0.5 × socket diameter each. Antennal socket placed above clypeus by slightly less than one socket diameter. Subantennal triangle about as long as broad. Scape about twice as broad as flagellomere I. Flagellomeres I–V longer than broad, VI–X broader than long. Flagellomere I 1.3–1.5 × as long as flagellomere II. Clypeal length 0.5 × maximum width. Clypeal lip with three shallow emarginations. Mandible with two median teeth on inner margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B969E00FF86FFAFE5D8382EFCACFC7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B95D4212FF86FFAFE5D8382EFE81FD6D" bold="true" box="[198,330,615,641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13128285FF86FFAFE47F3821FE1AFD6E" box="[353,465,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,970,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,970,1935]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. 1 – 3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13128285FF86FFAFE4FB3821FDDFFD6E" box="[485,532,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[315,1271,429,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[315,1272,429,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov., male (holotype). 5. Mesosoma in lateral view from left. 6. Illustration of major landmarks and sutures. Details explained in the text. Abbreviations: cl—costal lobe of forewing base; es—episternal sulcus; mp—upper portion of metapleural-propodeal suture; om—omaulus; pl—pronotal lobe; sc—scrobal sulcus; sg—spiracular groove; st—sternaulus; tg—tegula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185773/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Virtually polished throughout. Pronotal collar narrow, evenly rounded. Pronotum coarsely but shallowly pitted at base of collar, particularly laterally. Acetabular carina reduced to tiny ventromedian elevation. Omaulus continued by sternaulus to form distinct curve from scrobal sulcus to mesopleural pit, sharply edged ventrally. Episternal sulcus weakly developed, not reaching scrobal sulcus ventrally. Scrobal sulcus distinct, continued beyond omaulus but not reaching ventral portion of pronotal lobe. Metapleural-propodeal suture indistinct above upper fossa, not pitted. Posterolateral corner of scutum somewhat translucent behind oblique scutal carina. Prescutellar sulcus pitted. Lateral and median propodeal sulci indistinctly pitted. Spiracular groove distinct, not pitted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF56CE88FF86FFAFE5893DE1FB17F80F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[151,1435,970,1934]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF86FFAFE5893DE1FB17F80F" blockId="2.[151,1435,1960,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF86FFAFE5893DE1FE89F82C" bold="true" box="[151,322,1960,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF86FFAFE4563DE0FDFBF82C" box="[328,560,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF86FFAFE4563DE0FDFBF82C" box="[328,560,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EFF69FF86FFAFE7283DE1FD40F82C" box="[566,651,1960,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF86FFAFE7283DE1FD40F82C" bold="true" box="[566,651,1960,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1–3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF87FFAEE5893AD1FCCBFF5E" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,371]" box="[151,768,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Base of forewing with markedly bulging costal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF87FFAEE5DB3AF7FC80FE9F" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF87FFAEE5DB3AF7FECBFF34" bold="true" box="[197,256,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13128285FF87FFAEE4113AF7FE93FF34" box="[271,344,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,970,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,970,1935]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. 1 – 3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Foretarsal rake distinct, distal rake setae of tarsomeres I–III significantly longer than length of following tarsomere, respectively. Outer face of midtibia with several strong, stout setae, particularly distally. With two long midtibial spurs. Midtarsomere I with single, markedly enlarged, blade-like seta anterodistally. Outer face of hindtibia with several stout setae, which are markedly less pronounced than on midtibia. Size of arolia subequal, slightly larger on foreleg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF56CE88FF87FFAEE5893D27FC4EF801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[315,1271,429,1876]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF87FFAEE5893D27FC4EF801" blockId="3.[151,1437,1902,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF87FFAEE5893D27FE88F86A" bold="true" box="[151,323,1902,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 5–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF87FFAEE4573D27FDFAF869" box="[329,561,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF87FFAEE4573D27FDFAF869" box="[329,561,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EFF69FF87FFAEE7293D27FD46F86A" box="[567,653,1902,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF87FFAEE7293D27FD46F86A" bold="true" box="[567,653,1902,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male (holotype). 5. Mesosoma in lateral view from left. 6. Illustration of major landmarks and sutures. Details explained in the text. Abbreviations: cl—costal lobe of forewing base; es—episternal sulcus; mp—upper portion of metapleural-propodeal suture; om—omaulus; pl—pronotal lobe; sc—scrobal sulcus; sg—spiracular groove; st—sternaulus; tg—tegula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3ADEFE8BFECA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3ADEFE82FF5D" bold="true" box="[197,329,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Metasomal segments I–V virtually impunctate, polished. Terga I–IV virtually asetose, fine setae dense and distinct on tergum V, setae strong on apex of pygidial plate. Metasomal sternum with dense micropubescence. Tergum I slightly longer than broad distally. Pygidial plate sharply edged, forming sharp angle apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5D83B7BFBF7FEA0" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[198,1084,306,332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5D83B7BFE70FEA0" bold="true" box="[198,443,306,332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Description of male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13128285FF80FFA9E4D43B7BFDF9FEA0" box="[458,562,306,332]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,269,1960,1984]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,970,1934]" captionTargetBox-1="[315,1271,429,1876]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,970,1935]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[315,1272,429,1877]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. 1 – 3. male (holotype). 1. Body laterally. 2. Right wings. 3. Head in frontal view. 4. Right midbasitarsus, female, paratype (arrow indicates position of modified anterodistal seta)." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 6. Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov., male (holotype). 5. Mesosoma in lateral view from left. 6. Illustration of major landmarks and sutures. Details explained in the text. Abbreviations: cl—costal lobe of forewing base; es—episternal sulcus; mp—upper portion of metapleural-propodeal suture; om—omaulus; pl—pronotal lobe; sc—scrobal sulcus; sg—spiracular groove; st—sternaulus; tg—tegula." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/185772/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/185773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). As in the female, except for the following:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3B11FEE0FE2C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3B11FEB6FE9E" bold="true" box="[197,381,344,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
. Total body length (without appendages)
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E6723B10FBC6FE9F" box="[876,1037,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="9.05" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="7.5">7.5–10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum head width (including eyes, in frontal view)
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E4813BC9FDF8FE76" box="[415,563,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; interocular ratio 2.1–2.3; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E1263BC9FB07FE76" box="[1080,1228,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="7.6" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="6.6">6.6–8.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindwing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E5893BEFFEECFE2C" box="[151,295,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="5.6">5.6–6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3B84FA91FD1A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3B84FE85FE0B" bold="true" box="[197,334,461,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Males have significantly fewer markings on head and mesosoma, but these are yellow and markedly brighter (in some specimens markings have reddish margins). Legs generally becoming darker from fore- to hindlegs; coxae and trochanters almost completely black, femora yellow but tinged with reddish in some specimens, tibiae and tarsi mostly yellow. In most specimens, mesosoma only with narrow yellow stripe on pronotal collar and with small marking on pronotal lobe, otherwise black. Three males have one or more of the following markings: one or two tiny yellow spots on mesopleuron, tiny reddish markings on posterolateral corners of mesoscutum, and transverse reddish marking posteriorly on scutellum. Propodeal enclosure black, most of propodeal side and declivity behind spiracular groove reddish, but surrounded by distinct black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB394BFDD1FC7C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Metasomal segments I–II completely bright yellow (except for black extreme base of I and some indistinct reddish markings). Visible part of tergites III–V and sternite III (if not exserted) bright yellow, if exserted in many dry specimens, base broadly black. Sternites IV–V with tiny yellow spots on posterior corners. Segments VI–VII black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB39D4FF3AFB94" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB39D4FEDAFC5B" bold="true" box="[197,273,925,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Virtually impunctate. Antennal sockets placed above clypeus by slightly more than one socket diameter. Subantennal triangle 1.2–1.4 × as high as broad at base. Flagellomeres longer than wide, median flagellomeres indistinctly so in some specimens. Flagellomere I not or indistinctly longer than flagellomere II. Flagellomeres IV–XI externoventrally each with indistinct placoid. Clypeus about as long as wide. Clypeal lip with two small projections, bordering shallow emargination. Mandible with one subapical tooth on inner margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3ECCFF21FB2A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3ECCFE9AFB73" bold="true" box="[197,337,1157,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Episternal sulcus not reaching scrobal sulcus below, indistinct, in some specimens virtually absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3E9BFC29FB01" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[197,994,1234,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3E9BFECDFB00" bold="true" box="[197,262,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Foretarsal rake absent. Midtarsomere I without modified seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3EB1FB2CFAD6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3EB1FE9FFAFE" bold="true" box="[197,340,1272,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Terga I–III virtually asetose. Sternum IV and segments V–VII densely covered by fine, whitish pubescence. Pygidial plate absent. Sternum VIII narrowly blade-like apically, straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF80FFA9E5D83F0FFBEDFA42" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5D83F0FFA91FA6B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5D83F0FFD8BFA8C" bold="true" box="[198,576,1350,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E4D93F0FFDF0FA8C" box="[455,571,1350,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF80FFA9E7893F0FFD1DFA8C" box="[663,726,1350,1376]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Arizona: Cochise County.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E13C3F0FFBAAFA8C" box="[1058,1121,1350,1376]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Willcox,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1DF8C7FF80FFA9E01B3F0FFA57FA8C" box="[1285,1436,1350,1376]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" precision="1" value="32.21685">N32°13.011’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1DF8C7FF80FFA9E5893F24FE83FA6B" box="[151,328,1389,1415]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" precision="1" value="-109.78195">W109°46.917’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E44D3F24FE2BFA6B" box="[339,480,1389,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2007-08-09">9 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E70F3F24FBB4FA6B" authority="Engelmann, D. Linde and M. Ohl" authorityName="Engelmann, D. Linde and M. Ohl" box="[529,1151,1389,1415]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Wislizenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E70F3F24FD25FA6A" box="[529,750,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Wislizenia refracta</emphasis>
|
||
Engelmann, D. Linde and M. Ohl
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collectors (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3806C5FF80FFA9E0163F24FA86FA6B" box="[1288,1357,1389,1415]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5D83FDAFBEDFA42" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[198,1062,1427,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E5D83FDAFE88FA41" box="[198,323,1427,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5D83FDAFE88FA41" bold="true" box="[198,323,1427,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
(6 Ƥ, 28 3) (duplicate
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E7493FDDFD0CFA42" box="[599,711,1428,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
will be deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3806C5FF80FFA9E6A23FDDFBD1FA42" box="[956,1050,1428,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF80FFA8E5893FF3FD8BFF34" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5893FF3FD38F8E6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF80FFA9E5893FF3FF1CFA38" box="[151,215,1466,1492]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5FD3FF3FE82FA38" bold="true" box="[227,329,1466,1492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Arizona</emphasis>
|
||
: Cochise County. Willcox,
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E78B3FF3FCFFFA38" box="[661,820,1466,1492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="1974-08-28">28 Aug 1974</date>
|
||
, R.M. Bohart (1 3, CAS);
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E1643FF3FB7BFA38" box="[1146,1200,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi</quantity>
|
||
SE Willcox,
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E04C3FF3FF1FFA17" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2001-08-09">9 Aug 2001</date>
|
||
, M. Ohl, D. Linde, I. Maier, S. Saueracker (1 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E13E3FA8FB71FA17" box="[1056,1210,1505,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2001-08-13">13 Aug 2001</date>
|
||
(2 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E4103C41FE79F9CE" box="[270,434,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2001-08-15">15 Aug 2001</date>
|
||
(3 3, ZMB);
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E7793C41FD6DF9CE" box="[615,678,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Willcox,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1DF8C7FF80FFA9E64C3C41FC3FF9CE" box="[850,1012,1544,1570]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" precision="1" value="32.21685">N32°13.011’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1DF8C7FF80FFA9E6E33C41FB71F9CE" box="[1021,1210,1544,1570]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" precision="1" value="-109.78195">W109°46.917’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E1D93C41FABBF9CE" box="[1223,1392,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2007-08-17">17 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E5893C66FEB3F9A4" box="[151,376,1583,1608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Wislizenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5893C66FEB3F9A4" box="[151,376,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Wislizenia refracta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, V. L o h r m a n n (2 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E69D3C67FBEBF9A4" box="[899,1056,1582,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2007-08-18">18 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
(2 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E0603C67FEC7F983" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2007-08-27">27 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
(3 Ƥ, 2 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E7853C1CFCFDF983" box="[667,822,1621,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2008-08-27">27 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
, S. Krause (1 Ƥ, 9 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E05B3C1CFF1FF97A" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2007-08-28">28 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
(1 Ƥ, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E7223C35FD2BF97A" box="[572,736,1660,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2008-08-17">17 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
, S. Krause (1 3, ZMB); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E1D03C35FAB9F97A" box="[1230,1394,1660,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2008-08-27">27 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
, D. Zimmermann (1 Ƥ, 3 3, NHMW); same data, but
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E7FA3CEBFC4BF950" box="[740,896,1698,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="2007-08-13">13 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
, D. Linde, M. Ohl (1 3, ZMB).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E1E43CEBFA58F950" bold="true" box="[1274,1427,1698,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF80FFA9E0263CEBFA58F950" box="[1336,1427,1698,1724]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Hidalgo County. Animas, Bee Course 2003, L. Packer (2 3, PYU).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E6A93C81FBFDF90E" bold="true" box="[951,1078,1736,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Colorado:</emphasis>
|
||
Huerfano County.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD133E5FF80FFA9E0063C80FAAFF90F" box="[1304,1380,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Walsenburg,
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF80FFA9E42E3CB9FE00F8E6" box="[304,459,1776,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="1995-08-15">15 Aug 1995</date>
|
||
, H.E. Evans (1 Ƥ, CAS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5D83D5FFB46F8DC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[198,1165,1814,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Other species of New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E7043D5EFD7EF8DC" box="[538,693,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E7043D5EFD7EF8DC" box="[538,693,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Pseudoplisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E7F03D5EFCA4F8DC" box="[750,879,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Saygorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E7F03D5EFCA4F8DC" box="[750,879,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Saygorytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
studied for comparison:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3D74FB70F827" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3D74FE1BF8BA" box="[197,464,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E5DB3D74FEAFF8BB" box="[197,356,1853,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3D74FEAFF8BB" bold="true" box="[197,356,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Pseudoplisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aequalis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Handlirsch) (Ƥ
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E7833D74FD32F8BB" box="[669,761,1853,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E63C3D74FB4EF8BB" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[802,1157,1853,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Gorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="handlirschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E63C3D74FBC5F8BA" box="[802,1038,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Gorytes handlirschi</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF80FFA9E1083D74FB4EF8BB" box="[1046,1157,1853,1879]" name="Cameroon" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BMNH);
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E01A3D74FABAF8BA" box="[1284,1393,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. d i v i s u s</emphasis>
|
||
(F. Smith) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E5E83D2DFEAAF892" box="[246,353,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 3, BMNH; 1 3, ZMB);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E7913D2DFC6EF892" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[655,933,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E7913D2DFCD5F891" box="[655,798,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. montanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF80FFA9E6333D2DFC57F892" box="[813,924,1892,1918]" name="Cameroon" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E6AA3D2DFBD4F892" box="[948,1055,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 3, BMNH; 1 Ƥ, 1 3, UCD);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E0983D2DFE9DF848" authority="Bohart" authorityName="Bohart" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E0983D2DFF34F848" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. samiatus</emphasis>
|
||
Bohart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 Ƥ, 1 3, both
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E7063DC3FD4AF848" box="[536,641,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, UCD; 4 Ƥ, 1 3, BMNH);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E6DC3DC2FB35F848" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[962,1278,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E6DC3DC2FB4EF848" box="[962,1157,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. smithii smithii</emphasis>
|
||
(Cresson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 Ƥ, ZMB);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E5893DF8FE00F827" authority="Fox" authorityName="Fox" box="[151,459,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="floridanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5893DF8FE4FF826" box="[151,388,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. smithii floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fox)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 3, BMNH);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E7963DF8FC48F827" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[648,899,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E7963DF8FCC1F826" box="[648,778,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. venustus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cresson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 3, BMNH; 1 3 ZMB).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF80FFA9E5DB3D9EFA57F81D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[197,1436,2007,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3D9EFE77F81D" box="[197,444,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E5DB3D9EFE9BF81D" box="[197,336,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Saygorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E5DB3D9EFE9BF81D" bold="true" box="[197,336,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Saygorytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apicalis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F. Smith) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF80FFA9E74B3D91FD03F81E" box="[597,712,2008,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 3, BMNH);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF80FFA9E6603D91FB58F81E" authority="Bohart" authorityName="Bohart" box="[894,1171,2008,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Saygorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraclensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E6603D91FBD4F81D" box="[894,1055,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">S. oraclensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Bohart)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 Ƥ, 1 3, ZMB);
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF80FFA9E09B3D91FA57F81D" box="[1413,1436,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">S.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF81FFA8E5893AD1FD8BFF34" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E5893AD1FE91FF5E" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[151,346,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaleratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E5893AD1FEDFFF5D" box="[151,276,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">phaleratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Say)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(several specimens of both sexes, BMNH, ZMB;
|
||
<typeStatus id="549220A2FF81FFA8E6BD3AD1FBC2FF5E" box="[931,1033,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E12E3AD1FAA1FF5E" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[1072,1386,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Gorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E12E3AD1FB32FF5D" box="[1072,1273,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Gorytes alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF81FFA8E1E13AD1FAA1FF5E" box="[1279,1386,152,178]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E5893AF6FE00FF34" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[151,459,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Gorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E5893AF6FE9EFF34" box="[151,341,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Gorytes alticola</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF81FFA8E4423AF7FE00FF34" box="[348,459,190,216]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF56CE88FF81FFA8E5893E7BFBFCFB80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185774/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[163,1435,275,1044]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF81FFA8E5893E7BFBFCFB80" blockId="5.[151,1436,1074,1132]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E5893E7BFED1FBA6" bold="true" box="[151,282,1074,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E73F3E7AFCC0FBA6" box="[545,779,1075,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E73F3E7AFCC0FBA6" box="[545,779,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EFF69FF81FFA8E60D3E7BFCA1FBA6" box="[787,874,1074,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E60D3E7BFCA1FBA6" bold="true" box="[787,874,1074,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the southwestern United States (black dots). The shaded area represents an estimation of the minimum distribution range of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C333CD8BFF81FFABE5D83ED7FD82FD44" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF81FFA8E5D83ED7FBD8FA2B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1182,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E5D83ED7FDEEFB54" bold="true" box="[198,549,1182,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Distribution and abundance</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13128285FF81FFA8E72A3ED6FDB2FB55" box="[564,633,1183,1209]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,275,1044]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,274,1049]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Collecting localities of Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. in the southwestern United States (black dots). The shaded area represents an estimation of the minimum distribution range of this species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185774/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E66C3ED6FBBBFB54" box="[882,1136,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E66C3ED6FBBBFB54" box="[882,1136,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF81FFA8E4F23E8CFD8CFB33" box="[492,583,1221,1247]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to southern Colorado. Only three specimens are currently known from localities outside of the Willcox area in Arizona. Two specimens have been collected in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF81FFA8E0073EA5FABEFAEA" box="[1305,1397,1260,1286]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Laurence Packer in 2003. One specimen is known from Walsenburg in southern Colorado.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13128285FF81FFA8E1C33F5AFAE8FAC1" box="[1245,1315,1299,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,275,1044]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,274,1049]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Collecting localities of Pseudoplisus willcoxi sp. nov. in the southwestern United States (black dots). The shaded area represents an estimation of the minimum distribution range of this species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185774/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
shows all collecting sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E46E3F73FE21FABF" box="[368,490,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E46E3F73FE21FABF" box="[368,490,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P. willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including a hypothetical distribution range based on similar patterns known for other aculeate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E4593F29FE26FA96" box="[327,493,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An example is the bee
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E6133F29FB74FA96" authority="Rozen, 1992" authorityName="Rozen" authorityYear="1992" box="[781,1215,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oreopasites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="favreauae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E6133F29FBD0FA95" box="[781,1051,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Oreopasites favreauae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8E3F1FF81FFA8E13A3F29FB74FA96" author="Rozen" box="[1060,1215,1376,1402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. (1992) Systematics and host relationships of the cuckoo bee genus Oreopasites (Hymenoptera: Anthophorinae: Nomadinae). American Museum Novitates, 3046, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1992">Rozen, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This hypothetical distribution corresponds with arid and semi-arid areas at relatively low altitude, bordering the southern foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains northwest of the suggested area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF81FFA8E5DB3F9DFE87F8A6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1182,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
We collected a relatively large series of this species in the Willcox area between
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF81FFA8E1623F9DFAE4FA02" box="[1148,1327,1492,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" value="2001" valueMax="2007">2001 and 2007</date>
|
||
, but only a single specimen is known from this area prior to this time period, collected by Richard Bohart in 1974. This is an unusual finding for two reasons.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E77E3C6BFD37F9D7" box="[608,764,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E77E3C6BFD37F9D7" box="[608,764,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Pseudoplisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a spectacularly coloured, relatively slow flying wasp, which immediately attracts attention when visiting flowers or flying above sandy ground. The arid and semiarid regions of southeastern Arizona and particularly the sandy areas southeast of Willcox have been exceptionally well collected for decades and have regularly been visited by sphecid wasp collectors like Richard M. Bohart, Howard, E. Evans, Arnold S. Menke, myself, and many others. It is hard to imagine that it can regularly be overlooked by collectors. Also students and instructors of the Bee Course held at the Southwestern Research Station have regularly visited this collecting site for years, but have revealed only a few specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF81FFABE5DB3D1EFDEFFECA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1182,2021]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,680]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The paucity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E49E3D1EFDCBF89C" box="[384,512,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E49E3D1EFDCBF89C" box="[384,512,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P. willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in historical collections and its relatively high abundance in recent years is difficult to explain. Population density might be very low, which would result in low collecting rates. Very short flight periods also minimize the probability of being caught in the field. Both scenarios imply that the population structure and distribution pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF81FFA8E7C73D82FC93F808" box="[729,856,1995,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF81FFA8E7C73D82FC93F808" box="[729,856,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P. willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been significantly changed and that the observed shift in specimen numbers in collections is an artifact. As implied above, I consider this very unlikely because the species is so conspicuous and the collecting locality so intensively worked on. The other explanation is that the shifted collecting rates reflect a true increase of the population density, which is hard to prove based on the available data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B969E00FF82FFABE5DB3B7BFD82FD44" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF82FFABE5DB3B7BFE10FEA7" box="[197,475,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE5DB3B7BFE10FEA7" box="[197,475,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Pseudoplisus willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was rather common in the Willcox area in mid–late
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF82FFABE19F3B7BFAE1FEA0" box="[1153,1322,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" value="2007-08">August 2007</date>
|
||
. Without exception, all specimens have been collected on the jackass-clover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF82FFABE6D43B10FAFAFE9F" authority="Engelm." authorityName="Engelm." box="[970,1329,345,371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Wislizenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE6D43B10FB67FE9E" box="[970,1196,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Wislizenia refracta</emphasis>
|
||
(Engelm.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a native annul dicot, which is a common plant of alkali sink communities of the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33EDE90FF82FFABE18D3BC9FB0CFE76" box="[1171,1223,384,410]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Precipitation was high until mid
|
||
<date id="FF97B8C0FF82FFABE4593BEFFE29FE2C" box="[327,482,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" value="2007-08">August 2007</date>
|
||
, so that the Willcox area was partly flooded at that time.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF82FFABE1963BEEFAADFE2C" box="[1160,1382,423,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Wislizenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE1963BEEFAADFE2C" box="[1160,1382,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Wislizenia refracta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was fully in bloom in mid August and started to diminish in late August. With respect to apoid wasps, species diversity and specimen numbers were unusually high when blooming flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF82FFABE1453BBDFB15FDE1" box="[1115,1246,500,525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Wislizenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE1453BBDFB15FDE1" box="[1115,1246,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">W. refracta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were abundant. We collected the specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE71A3853FDB1FDDF" box="[516,634,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">P. w i l l c o x i</emphasis>
|
||
on flowers, which densely covered a narrow strip of a few hundred meters along the soft shoulders of an unpaved road. Towards the end of August, blooming
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF82FFABE1A33808FAF6FDB6" box="[1213,1341,577,602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Wislizenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE1A33808FAF6FDB6" box="[1213,1341,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">W. refracta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the general diversity of apoid wasps appreciably decreased, whereas the population density of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29E583FF82FFABE0063821FA57FD6D" box="[1304,1436,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pseudoplisus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D4212FF82FFABE0063821FA57FD6D" box="[1304,1436,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">P. willcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently reached its seasonal peak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |