660 lines
82 KiB
XML
660 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="D7860903DDB9050B84EC7EA66CBE5416" ID-CLB-Dataset="5350" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086256" ID-ZooBank="A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623272878632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2014" docId="03775906A63F2C60FF17FC0B1193F827" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03817p242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Anochetus Mayr" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FF4E217EA67F2C22FF80FFE61065FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1699920028738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="867C6C1607E3C58583EA607D885BD909">The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D94825E532F99CDB9AF806087004E2E9">Schmidt, C. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB4CE996EECBC193536635C2A42767FD">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="950CC7E657FA5963F32C5DD2518EA742">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="07E75C8ECDCF56F593D3D8D67EE286D9">
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<mods:date id="D7083D10B3D35E12D0CBB256D8EB5B83">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03775906A63F2C60FF17FC0B1193F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5117450" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5117450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03775906A63F2C60FF17FC0B1193F827" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03775906A63F2C60FF17FC0B1193F827" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA63F2C62FF17FC0B1100FBFD" box="[151,357,1005,1031]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF17FC0B1100FBFD" blockId="64.[151,357,1005,1064]" box="[151,357,1005,1031]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0295F7CA63F2C62FF17FC0B1100FBFD" bold="true" box="[151,357,1005,1031]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FF17FC0B1100FBFD" ID-CoL="WNN" ID-ENA="269308" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" box="[151,357,1005,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF17FC0B1100FBFD" bold="true" box="[151,357,1005,1031]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF17FC0B117DFBFD" bold="true" box="[151,280,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
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Mayr
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA63F2C62FF17FBE910BDFBD2" box="[151,216,1039,1064]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF17FBE910BDFBD2" blockId="64.[151,357,1005,1064]" box="[151,216,1039,1064]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<figureCitation id="13E5F495A63F2C62FF17FBE910BDFBD2" box="[151,216,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-165@65.[151,1436,445,1952]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 6. Worker caste of Anochetus armstrongi: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0172378, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of Anochetus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120826/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA63F2C62FF17FBBE14D9FADF" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF17FBBE1156FB76" blockId="64.[151,1436,1112,1318]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA63F2C62FF17FBBE1156FB76" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A63F2C62FF17FBBE11C3FB94" author="Mayr, G." box="[151,422,1112,1134]" page="53" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1861">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FF17FBBE11C3FB94" ID-CoL="WNN" authority="Mayr, 1861: 53" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,422,1112,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF17FBBE1164FB94" box="[151,257,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FE88FBBE11C3FB94" author="Mayr, G." box="[264,422,1112,1134]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref155059" refString="Mayr, G. 1861. Die europaischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. C. Gerolds Sohn, Wien, 80 pp." type="book" year="1861">Mayr, 1861: 53</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as genus in
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FDB2FBBE12F2FB94" ID-CoL="K6Z" box="[562,663,1112,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
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[Poneridae]). Type-species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A63F2C62FC3FFBBE1513FB94" author="Spinola, M." box="[959,1398,1112,1134]" page="55" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1851">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FC3FFBBE1513FB94" authority="Spinola, 1851: 55" authorityName="Spinola. Like" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1851" box="[959,1398,1112,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghilianii">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FC3FFBBE14D3FB94" box="[959,1206,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus ghilianii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FB3DFBBE1513FB94" author="Spinola, M." box="[1213,1398,1112,1134]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="3 - 78" refId="ref163315" refString="Spinola, M. (1851) Compte rendu des Hymenopteres inedits provenants du voyage entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846. Extrait des Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, (2) 13, 3 - 78." type="journal article" year="1851">Spinola, 1851: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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; by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF17FB731265FB12" blockId="64.[151,1436,1112,1318]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA63F2C62FF17FB731265FB12" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A63F2C62FF17FB7311B2FB51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295120" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A07AB50-389D-456F-AE48-0136DF3EF395" author="Mayr, G." box="[151,471,1173,1195]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D65E89E43B663B82FD16D636418934B" page="711" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1862">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FF17FB7311B2FB51" authority="Mayr, 1862: 711" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="711" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,471,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF17FB73117BFB51" box="[151,286,1173,1195]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Stenomyrmex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FEA8FB7011B2FB51" author="Mayr, G." box="[296,471,1173,1195]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref155085" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862: 711</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as genus in
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FDEBFB731284FB51" ID-CoL="623T5" box="[619,737,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FD6EFB7313C5FB51" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[750,928,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Odontomachidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontomachidae</taxonomicName>
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||
). Type-species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A63F2C62FBC9FB701155FB30" author="Fabricius, J. C." page="426" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1804">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FBC9FB701155FB30" authority="Fabricius, 1804: 426" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="426" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata">
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<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FBC9FB70154BFB51" box="[1097,1326,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Myrmecia emarginata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FAB7FB731155FB30" author="Fabricius, J. C." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="15 - 439" refId="ref141697" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunswick, xiv + 15 - 439 + 30 pp." type="book chapter" year="1804">Fabricius, 1804: 426</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M., 1911: 173.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A63F2C62FCFEFB52144CFB30" author="Forel, A." box="[894,1065,1204,1226]" page="381" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1887">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FCFEFB52144CFB30" author="Forel, A." box="[894,1065,1204,1226]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref142369" refString="Forel, A. (1887) Fourmis recoltees a Madagascar par le Dr. Conrad Keller. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 7, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1887">Forel, 1887: 381</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A63F2C62FBB3FB52148FFB30" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1075,1258,1204,1226]" page="552" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1978">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FBB3FB52148FFB30" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1075,1258,1204,1226]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978: 552</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FB79FB5215E4FB30" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1273,1409,1204,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FB79FB5215E4FB30" box="[1273,1409,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Stenomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FE08FB341197FB12" ID-CoL="WNN" box="[392,498,1234,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FE08FB341197FB12" box="[392,498,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF17FB1414D9FADF" blockId="64.[151,1436,1112,1318]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FF17FB141246FAFD" authority="Wheeler, W. M., 1929: 6" authorityName="Wheeler, W. M." authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,547,1265,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmapatetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF17FB14114DFAFD" box="[151,296,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Myrmapatetes</emphasis>
|
||
Wheeler, W.M., 1929: 6
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, 7 (as genus in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FD40FB171304FAFD" ID-CoL="JGK" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" box="[704,865,1265,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Type-species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FB83FB141173FADC" authority="Wheeler, W. M., 1929: 6" authorityName="Wheeler, W. M." authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmapatetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicornis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FB83FB141493FAFD" box="[1027,1270,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Myrmapatetes filicornis</emphasis>
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||
Wheeler, W.M., 1929: 6
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; by original designation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FD97FAF612A4FADC" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[535,705,1296,1318]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref134455" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1953 b) Characters and synonymies among the genera of ants. Part II. Breviora, 18, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1953">Brown, 1953b: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FD50FAF71304FADC" box="[720,865,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmapatetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FD50FAF71304FADC" box="[720,865,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Myrmapatetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FBC4FAF614C8FADC" ID-CoL="WNN" box="[1092,1197,1296,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FBC4FAF614C8FADC" box="[1092,1197,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA63F2C62FF17FAB4116EFA2D" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF17FAB4116EFA2D" blockId="64.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FF17FAB41169FA91" box="[151,268,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF17FAB41169FA91" box="[151,268,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large genus, with 95 described extant species and eight described fossil species. It is widespread and abundant in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into temperate regions. Like its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FE0BFA7C1251FA49" box="[395,564,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FE0BFA7C1251FA49" box="[395,564,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FDC6FA7C12DEFA49" box="[582,699,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FDC6FA7C12DEFA49" box="[582,699,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkable for its specialized trap mandibles and associated behaviors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA63F2C60FF47FA0413EFFE2A" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C62FF47FA04139BF90D" blockId="64.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF47FA041124FA01" bold="true" box="[199,321,1506,1531]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FE50FA041220FA01" box="[464,581,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FE50FA041220FA01" box="[464,581,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are so distinctive that they would be difficult to confuse with those of any other genus except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FEF4F9E0127BF9E5" box="[372,542,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FEF4F9E0127BF9E5" box="[372,542,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its sister genus. The unusual trap mandibles and head shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FB7CF9E01515F9E5" box="[1276,1392,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FB7CF9E01515F9E5" box="[1276,1392,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synapomorphic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FE0AF9CC1256F9B9" box="[394,563,1578,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FE0AF9CC1256F9B9" box="[394,563,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the genera are readily differentiated by examination of the rear of the head. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FF79F9A811C6F99D" box="[249,419,1614,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF79F9A811C6F99D" box="[249,419,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the nuchal carina is V-shaped medially, and the posterior surface of the head has a pair of dark converging apophyseal lines. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FDBCF99412D4F971" box="[572,689,1650,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FDBCF99412D4F971" box="[572,689,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the nuchal carina is continuously curved and the posterior surface of the head lacks visible apophyseal lines. These genera also tend to differ in size (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FBB0F97014C1F955" box="[1072,1188,1686,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FBB0F97014C1F955" box="[1072,1188,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally smaller, though there is some overlap), propodeal teeth (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FCB1F95C13BFF929" box="[817,986,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FCB1F95C13BFF929" box="[817,986,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but usually present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FB65F95C153CF929" box="[1253,1369,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FB65F95C153CF929" box="[1253,1369,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and petiole shape (always coniform in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FD99F93812A7F90D" box="[537,706,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FD99F93812A7F90D" box="[537,706,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FCF9F9381388F90D" box="[889,1005,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FCF9F9381388F90D" box="[889,1005,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63F2C63FF47F8E414E6FE72" blockId="64.[151,1437,1362,2035]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FF47F8E411A1F8E1" bold="true" box="[199,452,1794,1819]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Synoptic description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63F2C62FE4CF8E41247F8E1" box="[460,546,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Worker.</emphasis>
|
||
Small to medium (TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C2645F5A63F2C62FCA9F8E413FDF8E0" box="[809,920,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">3–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63F2C62FC25F8E5145CF8E1" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[933,1081,1794,1819]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) slender ants with the standard characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63F2C62FEB1F8C011F6F8C5" box="[305,403,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mandibles straight and narrow, articulating with the head medially, capable of being held open at 180°, and with a trio of apical teeth and often a row of smaller teeth along the masticatory margin. Head with a pair of long trigger setae below the mandibles. Clypeus truncate laterally and anteriorly. Frontal lobes small. Head strangely shaped: usually about as long as wide (sometimes longer than wide), with a gradual narrowing behind the eyes, the posterior margin of the head strongly concave, the nuchal carina continuously curved, and the posterior surface of the head without a pair of distinct apophyseal lines. Eyes small to moderate in size, located anterior of head midline on temporal prominences. Mesopleuron rarely divided by a transverse groove. Metanotal groove shallow to deep. Propodeum weakly to strongly narrowed dorsally, the posterior margins often with a pair of short spines or teeth. Propodeal spiracles small and round. Metatibial spur formula (1p) or (1s, 1p). Petiole variable, usually squamiform but sometimes coniform or nodiform, the posterodorsal apex often with one or two spines of variable length and acuity. Girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of A4 usually not apparent. Pretergite of A4 usually without a stridulitrum. Head and body shiny, striate or rugoreticulate, with sparse to abundant pilosity and little to no pubescence. Color variable, testaceous to dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DFA1B898A63E2C63FF17F8531447F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10120826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120826/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,250,1973,1995]" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1940]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63E2C63FF17F8531447F813" blockId="65.[151,1436,1973,2026]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63E2C63FF17F8531179F830" bold="true" box="[151,284,1973,1995]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker caste of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63E2C63FE70F85312BDF831" authorityName="McAreavey" authorityYear="1949" box="[496,728,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armstrongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63E2C63FE70F85312BDF831" box="[496,728,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Anochetus armstrongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0172378, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63E2C63FC33F8321479F810" box="[947,1052,2004,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63E2C63FC33F8321479F810" box="[947,1052,2004,2026]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FF7E14B4FF02" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF47FF7E1172FF55" box="[199,279,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Queen.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to worker but slightly larger, alate and with the other caste differences typical for ponerines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FF1FFF5A115FFF2F" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[159,314,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ergatoid queens occur in many species; those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC10FF5A139BFF2F" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1978" box="[912,1022,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC10FF5A139BFF2F" box="[912,1022,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. kempfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from conspecific workers by being smaller, with more differentiated thoracic sclerites and a larger gaster (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FC72FF3914A0FF02" author="Torres, J. A. & Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H." box="[1010,1221,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="505 - 516" refId="ref164565" refString="Torres, J. A., Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H. (2000) Distribution, ecology and behavior of Anochetus kempfi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and description of the sexual forms. Sociobiology, 36 (3), 505 - 516." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FBC2FF07141FFF02" box="[1090,1146,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FEE2139FFEE7" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1018,260,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF47FEE2116DFEE7" box="[199,264,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A63D2C60FE8EFEE21153FEE7" box="[270,310,260,285]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">See</collectingRegion>
|
||
descriptions in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FE69FEE212E2FEE7" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[489,647,260,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FD3DFEE21390FEE7" author="Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B. L." box="[701,1013,260,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="21 - 40" refId="ref169599" refString="Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B. L. (2007) A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to subfamilies and treatment of the genera of Ponerinae. Zootaxa, 1654, 21 - 40." type="journal article" year="2007">Yoshimura & Fisher (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FECF10BAFE9F" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF47FECF1174FEBA" box="[199,273,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE68FEC112D0FEBA" box="[488,693,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE68FEC11239FEBA" box="[488,604,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FC4EFEC1149BFEBA" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[974,1278,295,320]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="604 - 672" refId="ref166964" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1952) The ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae - Part II. American Midland Naturalist, 48, 604 - 672. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422200" type="journal article" year="1952">Wheeler & Wheeler (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FA8AFEC11520FEBA" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[1290,1349,295,320]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="443 - 462" refId="ref167049" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1964) The ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae: supplement. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 57, 443 - 462." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FAD0FEC115F2FEBA" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[1360,1431,295,320]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1197 - 1217" refId="ref167087" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1971 a) Ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae: second supplement. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 64, 1197 - 1217." type="journal article" year="1971">1971a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FF17FEAA10B6FE9F" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[151,211,332,357]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="41 - 64" refId="ref167213" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1976) Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Ponerinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 102, 41 - 64." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FE8913EFFE2A" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF47FE891194FE72" bold="true" box="[199,497,367,392]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Like its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD6BFE8913F0FE72" box="[747,917,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD6BFE8913F0FE72" box="[747,917,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC25FE89147FFE72" box="[933,1050,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC25FE89147FFE72" box="[933,1050,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A few species encroach on temperate areas of South America, southern Africa, Europe (southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A63D2C60FEDFFE5111C6FE2A" box="[351,419,439,464]" name="Spain" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A63D2C60FE66FE511228FE2A" box="[486,589,439,464]" name="Australia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(reviewed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FD67FE5E131BFE2A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[743,894,439,464]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA63D2C60FF47FE3A1193F827" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FE3A13DEFC32" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF47FE3A11B2FE0F" bold="true" box="[199,471,476,501]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Despite their interesting mandibular structures and associated behaviors, relatively little is known about the habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD9DFE1912F4FDE2" box="[541,657,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD9DFE1912F4FDE2" box="[541,657,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FD20FDE6135CFDE2" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[672,825,511,536]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FCC5FE19131BFDE2" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[837,894,511,536]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reviewed what was known about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FA8BFE19151AFDE2" box="[1291,1407,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FA8BFE19151AFDE2" box="[1291,1407,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the time.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FE81FDC211BCFDC7" author="Torres, J. A. & Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H." box="[257,473,548,573]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="505 - 516" refId="ref164565" refString="Torres, J. A., Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H. (2000) Distribution, ecology and behavior of Anochetus kempfi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and description of the sexual forms. Sociobiology, 36 (3), 505 - 516." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FECFFDC311EDFDC7" box="[335,392,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
performed the most detailed study of the ecology and behavior of a single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FAA7FDC2108DFD9A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FAA7FDC215F9FDC7" box="[1319,1436,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FF7DFDAE1108FD9A" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1978" box="[253,365,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF7DFDAE1108FD9A" box="[253,365,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. kempfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), though the applicability of these observations to other species is uncertain. The lack of information on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FEC6FD8A11DEFD7F" box="[326,443,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FEC6FD8A11DEFD7F" box="[326,443,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely stems from the fact that its sister genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC4FFD8A141DFD7F" box="[975,1144,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC4FFD8A141DFD7F" box="[975,1144,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is more conspicuous and more easily studied.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE08FD691198FD52" box="[392,509,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE08FD691198FD52" box="[392,509,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FCBDFD691382FD52" box="[829,999,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FCBDFD691382FD52" box="[829,999,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C2645F5A63D2C60FBA7FD6914F3FD5D" box="[1063,1174,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">3–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
versus TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C2645F5A63D2C60FA9EFD6915F5FD52" box="[1310,1424,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="6.0">6–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FEA0FD5211F1FD37" box="[288,404,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FEA0FD5211F1FD37" box="[288,404,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also tend to be smaller, typically containing fewer than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A63D2C60FB89FD5214F1FD37" box="[1033,1172,692,717]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="worker">100 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
versus several hundred for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FF3EFD311102FD0A" box="[190,359,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF3EFD311102FD0A" box="[190,359,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FEF6FD311269FD0A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[374,524,727,752]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FD96FD311234FD0A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[534,593,727,752]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FCBBFD3E13F9FD0A" authorityName="Arnold" authorityYear="1948" box="[827,924,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FCBBFD3E13F9FD0A" box="[827,924,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. faurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found to have about
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A63D2C60FB43FD31152BFD0A" box="[1219,1358,727,752]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="worker">400 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
(Villet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF17FD1B10B5FCEF" box="[151,208,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FEB0FD1A11C0FCEF" box="[304,421,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FEB0FD1A11C0FCEF" box="[304,421,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also tend to nest and forage more cryptically than the epigeic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FBEDFD1A1572FCEF" box="[1133,1303,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FBEDFD1A1572FCEF" box="[1133,1303,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; when they do forage above ground,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE46FCF9125EFCC2" box="[454,571,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE46FCF9125EFCC2" box="[454,571,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more likely to be nocturnal than are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FBB4FCF915FDFCC2" authority="(Brown, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1076,1432,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FBB4FCF914BBFCC2" box="[1076,1246,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FB72FCF915F5FCC2" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1266,1424,799,824]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FF17FCA21169FCA7" box="[151,268,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF17FCA21169FCA7" box="[151,268,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically nest in tight places such as in rotten twigs, under bark, or in small spaces in the soil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FAC4FCA21085FC7A" author="Wilson, E. O." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="483 - 510" refId="ref168762" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 b) Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 120, 483 - 510." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FF6EFC8E11E0FC7A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[238,389,871,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FE13FC8111ABFC7A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[403,462,871,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FE5CFC811215FC7A" author="Lattke, J. E." box="[476,624,871,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="352 - 358" refId="ref150341" refString="Lattke, J. E. (1986) Two new species of neotropical Anochetus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 33 (3), 352 - 358. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02224250" type="journal article" year="1986">Lattke, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some are apparently arboreal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FC62FC81141EFC7A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[994,1147,871,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FB08FC8114A6FC7A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1160,1219,871,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some nest in termitaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FEA3FC6A11B7FC5F" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[291,466,908,933]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="159 - 243" refId="ref168101" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1936) Ecological relations of ponerine and other ants to termites. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 71, 159 - 243. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023221" type="journal article" year="1936">Wheeler, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Déjean
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FDC1FC6B12E5FC5F" box="[577,640,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996, 1997).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FCB5FC6A13CCFC5F" box="[821,937,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FCB5FC6A13CCFC5F" box="[821,937,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often feign death when disturbed, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FF17FC491124FC32" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[151,321,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF17FC491124FC32" box="[151,321,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which tend to attack and sting intruders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FC97FC4913CAFC32" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[791,943,943,968]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FC32153EFB3F" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE84FC3211C8FC17" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[260,429,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE84FC3211C8FC17" box="[260,429,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE3EFC321257FC17" box="[446,562,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE3EFC321257FC17" box="[446,562,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
use their trap-jaws to catch insect prey and can also use their mandibles to bounce themselves away from danger (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FDD7FC111294FBEA" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[599,753,1015,1040]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The structure and neurobiology of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB41FC111550FBEA" box="[1217,1333,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB41FC111550FBEA" box="[1217,1333,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trap-jaw mechanism were studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FE62FBFA1351FBCF" author="Gronenberg, W. & Ehmer, B." box="[482,820,1052,1077]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="153 - 162" refId="ref144704" refString="Gronenberg, W. & Ehmer, B. (1996) The mandible mechanism of the ant genus Anochetus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and the possible evolution of trap-jaws. Zoology, 99 (3), 153 - 162." type="journal article" year="1996">Gronenberg & Ehmer (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The hunting strategy used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB1DFBFA1574FBCF" box="[1181,1297,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB1DFBFA1574FBCF" box="[1181,1297,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to be more like that of some dacetines than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD14FBD91358FBA2" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[660,829,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD14FBD91358FBA2" box="[660,829,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that they are slower (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FBD6FBD915F1FBA2" author="Gronenberg, W. & Ehmer, B." box="[1110,1428,1087,1112]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="153 - 162" refId="ref144704" refString="Gronenberg, W. & Ehmer, B. (1996) The mandible mechanism of the ant genus Anochetus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and the possible evolution of trap-jaws. Zoology, 99 (3), 153 - 162." type="journal article" year="1996">Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and more liable to ambush prey than to actively seek them out (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FCFFFB82147CFB87" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[895,1049,1124,1149]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FBA7FB821566FB87" author="Schatz, B. & Orivel, J. & Lachaud, J. P. & Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A." box="[1063,1283,1124,1149]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref161436" refString="Schatz, B., Orivel, J., Lachaud, J. P., Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A. (1999) Sitemate recognition: the case of Anochetus traegordhi (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) preying on Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology, 34 (3), 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Schatz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FBFCFB8314D2FB87" box="[1148,1207,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mandibular strikes on prey are followed by a paralyzing sting (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FD4BFB6113FAFB5A" author="Schatz, B. & Orivel, J. & Lachaud, J. P. & Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A." box="[715,927,1159,1184]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref161436" refString="Schatz, B., Orivel, J., Lachaud, J. P., Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A. (1999) Sitemate recognition: the case of Anochetus traegordhi (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) preying on Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology, 34 (3), 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Schatz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC9EFB6F1330FB5A" box="[798,853,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The prey preferences of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB7EFB611516FB5A" box="[1278,1395,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB7EFB611516FB5A" box="[1278,1395,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown, though many appear to be specialist predators of termites (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC1EFB4B1416FB3F" box="[926,1139,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC55FB4A1408FB3F" box="[981,1133,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traegordhi">A. traegordhi</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FBFBFB4A152BFB3F" author="Schatz, B. & Orivel, J. & Lachaud, J. P. & Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A." box="[1147,1358,1196,1221]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref161436" refString="Schatz, B., Orivel, J., Lachaud, J. P., Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A. (1999) Sitemate recognition: the case of Anochetus traegordhi (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) preying on Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology, 34 (3), 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Schatz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB4CFB4B1561FB3F" box="[1228,1284,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47FB361090F9F2" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Very little is known about the social and reproductive behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC39FB291448FB12" box="[953,1069,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC39FB291448FB12" box="[953,1069,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ergatoid queens are apparently common, and some species (such as members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD6DFB121304FAF6" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1910" box="[749,865,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Platythyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD6DFB121304FAF6" box="[749,865,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FC3AFB121428FAF7" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[954,1101,1268,1293]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="549 - 638" refId="ref134841" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1978) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica, 20, 549 - 638." type="journal article" year="1978">Brown, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have both ergatoid and alate queens, while others may have only ergatoids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD24FAFF1321FACA" box="[676,836,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD5BFAFE1321FACA" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1978" box="[731,836,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempfi">A. kempfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and an unidentified species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A63D2C60FB3EFAF1154BFACA" box="[1214,1326,1303,1328]" name="Indonesia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FABAFAFE109AFAAF" author="Torres, J. A. & Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="505 - 516" refId="ref164565" refString="Torres, J. A., Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H. (2000) Distribution, ecology and behavior of Anochetus kempfi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and description of the sexual forms. Sociobiology, 36 (3), 505 - 516." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FA08FAFF10D1FAAF" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FE8EFADA1183FAAF" author="Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Peeters, C. & Billen, J." box="[270,486,1340,1365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref144182" refString="Gobin, B., Ito, F., Peeters, C. & Billen, J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell Tissue Research, 326, 169 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00441 - 006 - 0232 - 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gobin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FEDDFADB11FDFAAF" box="[349,408,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD03FADA1282FAAF" authorityName="Arnold" authorityYear="1948" box="[643,743,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faurei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD03FADA1282FAAF" box="[643,743,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. faurei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD78FADA13E1FAAF" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1913" box="[760,900,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD78FADA13E1FAAF" box="[760,900,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. bequaerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC47FADA1427FAAF" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1907" box="[967,1090,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC47FADA1427FAAF" box="[967,1090,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. katonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found to lack ovarioles, which is fairly unusual among ponerines (Villet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD3AFA871296FA82" box="[698,755,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FCD2FA861448FA82" author="Torres, J. A. & Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H." box="[850,1069,1375,1400]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="505 - 516" refId="ref164565" refString="Torres, J. A., Snelling, R. R. & Jones, T. H. (2000) Distribution, ecology and behavior of Anochetus kempfi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and description of the sexual forms. Sociobiology, 36 (3), 505 - 516." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC21FA8713BFFA82" box="[929,986,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed a novel behavior in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FA04FA861087FA67" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FA04FA861087FA67" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. kempfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which nursery workers hold unhatched eggs in their mandibles until they hatch, and never allow them to be set down on the substrate of the nest. Another interesting behavior in this species involves the execution of excess queens by the workers of a colony.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD0CFA2A135FFA1E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[652,826,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD0CFA2A135FFA1E" box="[652,826,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to reproduce via gamergates (C. Starr, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47F9F21397F9AA" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The chemical ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE75F9F2120FF9D7" box="[501,618,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE75F9F2120FF9D7" box="[501,618,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has received little attention, though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB9CF9F21500F9D7" authority="(Madagascar)" baseAuthorityName="Madagascar" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1052,1381,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB9CF9F214DAF9D7" box="[1052,1215,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A63D2C60FB52F9F21538F9D7" box="[1234,1373,1556,1581]" name="Madagascar" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported to be a source of toxic alkaloids in poison frogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FC9DF9D11382F9AA" author="Clark, V. C. & Raxworthy, C. J. & Rakotomalala, V. & Sierwald, P. & Fisher, B. L." box="[797,999,1591,1616]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="11617 - 11622" refId="ref135347" refString="Clark, V. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Rakotomalala, V., Sierwald, P. & Fisher, B. L. (2005) Convergent evolution of chemical defense in poison frogs and arthropod prey between Madagascar and the Neotropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 102 (33), 11617 - 11622. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0503502102" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FCE4F9DF13F9F9AA" box="[868,924,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A63D2C60FF47F9BA1193F827" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF47F9BA12BFF98F" bold="true" box="[199,730,1628,1653]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FD64F9BA133DF98F" box="[740,856,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FD64F9BA133DF98F" box="[740,856,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FB99F9BA14CFF98F" author="Mayr, G." box="[1049,1194,1628,1653]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref155059" refString="Mayr, G. 1861. Die europaischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. C. Gerolds Sohn, Wien, 80 pp." type="book" year="1861">Mayr (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to house the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FF17F9991222F962" authority="Spinola. Like" authorityName="Spinola. Like" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,583,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghilianii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FF17F99911C2F962" box="[151,423,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus ghilianii</emphasis>
|
||
Spinola. Like
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FDCFF999129DF962" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[591,760,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FDCFF999129DF962" box="[591,760,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC88F9991318F962" box="[776,893,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC88F9991318F962" box="[776,893,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has had a stable taxonomic history at the genus level. Though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FEC2F9421180F947" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[322,485,1700,1725]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="161 - 185" refId="ref134603" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1973) A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. In: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S. & Duckworth, W. D. (Eds.), Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 161 - 185." type="book chapter" year="1973">Brown (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provisionally synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FCB0F94213C0F947" box="[816,933,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FCB0F94213C0F947" box="[816,933,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC7CF94214C3F947" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1020,1190,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC7CF94214C3F947" box="[1020,1190,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he reversed himself (1976) after discovering the consistent differences in head structure between the two groups.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB3AF921154BF91A" box="[1210,1326,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB3AF921154BF91A" box="[1210,1326,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself has two junior synonyms,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE1BF90A1254F8F9" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[411,561,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE1BF90A1254F8F9" box="[411,561,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Stenomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(often treated as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC2AF90A147BF8FF" box="[938,1054,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC2AF90A147BF8FF" box="[938,1054,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FBB1F90A14D2F8FF" author="Mayr, G." box="[1073,1207,1772,1797]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref155085" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB7CF90B1134F8D2" authority="(Wheeler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmapatetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB7CF90B15F9F8FE" box="[1276,1436,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Myrmapatetes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FF1EF8E9112CF8D2" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[158,329,1807,1832]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref167978" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1929) Three new genera of ants from the Dutch East Indies. American Museum Novitates, 349, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1929">Wheeler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE18F8E91227F8D2" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[408,578,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE18F8E91227F8D2" box="[408,578,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the history of family-level taxonomy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FBA0F8E914F1F8D2" box="[1056,1172,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FBA0F8E914F1F8D2" box="[1056,1172,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been complex (see discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FEDBF8D21260F8B7" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[347,517,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FEDBF8D21260F8B7" box="[347,517,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FD9CF8D212B9F8B7" author="Schmidt, C." box="[540,732,1844,1869]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="201 - 250" refId="ref161753" refString="Schmidt, C. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Zootaxa, 3647 (2), 201 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schmidt's (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC78F8D2140DF8B7" box="[1016,1128,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirms that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FA8DF8D215E7F8B7" box="[1293,1410,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FA8DF8D215E7F8B7" box="[1293,1410,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FEF1F8B111B5F88A" box="[369,464,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that its sister group is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FC90F8B113DFF88A" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[784,954,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC90F8B113DFF88A" box="[784,954,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB1BF8B1156AF88A" box="[1179,1295,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB1BF8B1156AF88A" box="[1179,1295,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not be mutually monophyletic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FE5CF89A12E3F86F" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[476,646,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FE5CF89A12E3F86F" box="[476,646,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see discussion under that genus), but we are retaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A63D2C60FB75F89A150CF86F" box="[1269,1385,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FB75F89A150CF86F" box="[1269,1385,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct genus for now. This is consistent with the treatment by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A63D2C60FCEEF8461434F843" author="Santos, I. S. & Costa, M. A. & Mariano, C. S. F. & Delabie, J. H. C. & Andrade-Souza, V. & Silva, J. G." box="[878,1105,1952,1977]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="424 - 429" refId="ref161140" refString="Santos, I. S., Costa, M. A., Mariano, C. S. F., Delabie, J. H. C., Andrade-Souza, V. & Silva, J. G. (2010) A cytogenetic approach to the study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, 424 - 429. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / an 09101" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A63D2C60FC42F8471399F843" box="[962,1020,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who could find no evidence that both are not monophyletic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |