plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/23/5D/66/235D66E9F9F6F4BBE6F6E1BFCDEC0044.xml
maintenance 63699a06f2 added 23
2024-06-21 12:31:30 +02:00

525 lines
72 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="901E579B2C698CEDC916A368339A38DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="35578" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.579.7166" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93a92d61-ee7c-4e1b-b98b-df36e9cab2e8" ID-PMC="PMC4829971" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-579-99" ID-PubMed="27110203" ID-ZooBank="680B58D59D354D7698274245FAFA8C18" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-579-99" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 579" ModsDocTitle="Systematics and biology of some species of Micrurapteryx Spuler (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Holarctic Region, with re-description of M.caraganella (Hering) from Siberia" checkinTime="1460456247692" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kirichenko, Natalia, Triberti, Paolo, Mutanen, Marko, Magnoux, Emmanuelle, Landry, Jean-Francois &amp; Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos" docDate="2016" docId="235D66E9F9F6F4BBE6F6E1BFCDEC0044" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 579: 99-156" docOrigin="ZooKeys 579" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.579.7166" docTitle="Micrurapteryx caraganella Hering 1957, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FFF47D1B6609FF91FF99FFA5FFEE0B34" masterDocTitle="Systematics and biology of some species of Micrurapteryx Spuler (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Holarctic Region, with re-description of M. caraganella (Hering) from Siberia" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1701374299834" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="11B307385A47FA89E3ABB7E3F6B86F3C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2E46C0B2511E46058AD54E7DC9543FE8">
<mods:title id="FC5AB102C577DD3FCBD3A6E8044328B7">Systematics and biology of some species of Micrurapteryx Spuler (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Holarctic Region, with re-description of M. caraganella (Hering) from Siberia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BE2149BFECEBF4FFFF540C43D5C046D9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="89AAB6E6970923C8B29EE8B726BB94BB">
<mods:roleTerm id="A6E226502FCAFDC58CA1F8F553E47E7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6AC29E29F3A18C62D1CB9FF856D86FC9">Kirichenko, Natalia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2849B807F02D6E7ECEF937BB4359D40D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8917F662E80F685580E95FDBEB8D6048">
<mods:roleTerm id="40C9928CD3812C7F42F0B758158C6408">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9768917282A531B12CED22E1EBCD4D44">Triberti, Paolo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B88DA5C2D9A27B190DB1BD5F393C811F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0E0EE63D3A0E53749C59D4B490FB29D5">
<mods:roleTerm id="2E4FA74BF0431D529050E0E2B925A050">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0F96D72BE68C8511CCF837FD8F12A62B">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="42F8144273509384B32E5DB122E7BB23" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F2B65569D2B15A60F82C313EF7867739">
<mods:roleTerm id="41286443BF3935D51675E9182B19F908">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6E9399F1A88CE8ED8AD4BFB5CBD0260A">Magnoux, Emmanuelle</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DD7D46B43A3E2CA094A1711BC393B0DC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A65DED514045A3AF1DC32D3D94B397B4">
<mods:roleTerm id="ECBF034D79A187B9C42B6F4198ED1393">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="913C373F9532CE1EBBCC3E369336BEF6">Landry, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2CD556EE67DBF59A6535B7DB2C341101" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7B95CEE7666127B502616A7260502872">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D9165B390B6DB70E85AEED2FDCB47CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9E9D4501478DB0CCE9C8682310445291">Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="26559B47F868CF0F7B890AFA7E8A117E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0B4B20B32792A9E541E291CD2EBE020C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="05849287229BB3C949F790E4BC0CFBC1">
<mods:title id="658EC82591522E4D3087F0432891040E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C6CE5D612E65FB2ADC286E3CFD2B3FB6">
<mods:date id="2CE60DED2C050B323E77F19CF83E0F0B">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7D48C5F42C43CA95C5049EA2C3C10879" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8F491C2E400DB40BBFDC16372A1AB32C">579</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="3E61620012F606CB09080312E88999C4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="035DB688452F7574A5611CBF8D3A8B69">99</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9AA7918DF860864BEC8714C0C640A7B5">156</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="27070BC3BF49476302E2762D2607203F">
<mods:url id="115EC1DD7351EBA515FE5C8CA8FC70BF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.579.7166</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9F509046EE78DFC7D8A70ADA378D2D14">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DBEA8DA14B47E8A43184D7E8F6AB6AB2" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.579.7166</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6999A4817B6E689EC3B998B78793930" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-579-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AE189373DB26EB63823EB44CC5D293F9" type="ZooBank">680B58D59D354D7698274245FAFA8C18</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="235D66E9F9F6F4BBE6F6E1BFCDEC0044" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127863573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:235D66E9F9F6F4BBE6F6E1BFCDEC0044" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/235D66E9F9F6F4BBE6F6E1BFCDEC0044" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="9" pageNumber="108">
<subSubSection id="C3CE5827E8A0C33B7361B743A3FDEF57" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="90202AAC2741C7F716162AA1C3FA5E6A" pageId="9" pageNumber="108">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Gracillariidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C445A6EF2BE8A73817A3AA18C2A2AB06" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2E96F09D0827FA1C0248D86ADBB6B5B7" pageId="9" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="C6A474A5055C9EDEFBCAEA5A2B029E85" ID-CoL="8VM3N" authority="Hering, 1957" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella (Hering, 1957)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E9629F238C6620E668D44824C7A06B90" pageId="9" pageNumber="108">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 4, 5, 14, 19, 26, 27, 42, 43, 49-54, 55-58, 65-76, Suppl. material 4: S35, S36
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FEEC29D54018EEEBD6C49C7ACBE6C9C2" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" type="citations">
<paragraph id="FFE47CB86DAB3949B50864CA369E1F1C" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
<pageBreakToken id="CDA238E385AAFAF5EB402EDEC6EAAF47" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" start="start">Citations</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A72A98F21365C444CD3383ED19DD8E9" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
[
<taxonomicName id="485BCB234EF1D60F661FB5FCB1C083B1" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
sp.;
<bibRefCitation id="57D1D20A29AB94F7E2009635F0F8FD47" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="33" pageNumber="132" title="Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen vom Europa einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbecken und der Kanarischen Inseln" year="1957">Hering 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 230]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86EAC818A1AB70CB3E13C071FE698BF9" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
[
<taxonomicName id="98BEC5F4988599E82BC2B5003750403F" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1575CAD4AA585AE3B7094A6CE9DF0DD1" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="33" pageNumber="132" title="Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen vom Europa einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbecken und der Kanarischen Inseln" year="1957">Hering 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 1122. Type locality: Central Siberia]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C096543ABD48A86CB79FA6860013189E" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
[
<taxonomicName id="0BC768842B39AAAD73216E432F9B148F" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraginella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraginella">Parectopa caraginella</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B0F498C250E025AE65BE2B2C7EC36B64" author="Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, DP" journalOrPublisher="Ilim, Frunze" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" title="Mining insects on plants of Kirgizia and adjacent territory." year="1969">
<normalizedToken id="4A3A76CBEFAD6F08CA471DD1E07E02DD" originalValue="Dovnar-Zapol’skiy">Dovnar-Zapol'skiy</normalizedToken>
1969
</bibRefCitation>
: 36, subsequent incorrect spelling;
<bibRefCitation id="3DBF6F159DCEF46D89A4EBD990EE57DF" author="Tomilova, VN" editor="Kulik, SA" journalOrPublisher="The publishing house of Irkutsk university, Irkutsk" pageId="36" pageNumber="135" pagination="3 - 31" title="Mining insects of Eastern Siberia." volumeTitle="Fauna and Ecology of Insects of Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East" year="1973">Tomilova 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 8]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EFA93F7B803CC1123D6F3418EB3B7D8" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
[
<taxonomicName id="921CBEED11898C69704DA01371427790" class="Insecta" family="Batrachedridae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gracilaria caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Gracilaria caraganella</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A74777E21BF42DF2F07397CB2F25F68F" author="Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, DP" editor="Kulik, SA" journalOrPublisher="The publishing house of Irkutsk university, Irkutsk" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" pagination="20 - 51" title="Leaf mining insects of Siberia and neighbor territories." volumeTitle="Insects of Eastern Siberia" year="1978">
<normalizedToken id="FD0E6C738A1C58C4EEA1DC7916959277" originalValue="Dovnar-Zapol’skiy">Dovnar-Zapol'skiy</normalizedToken>
and Tomilova 1978
</bibRefCitation>
: 34]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C503F8E2D8DB0A675CA5937206B631C2" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
[
<taxonomicName id="A3D1C97FBCA050C296CCEFF90E6F4AF4" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F40FACBBD27F97950948EC81B6623BD4" author="Kuznetzov, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="34" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 786" title="Fam. Gracillariidae (Lithocolletiidae) - leaf blotch miners." volumeTitle="A guide to the insects of the European part of the USSR - Lepidoptera (Vol. 4. Lepidoptera, Part 2)" year="1981">Kuznetzov 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 177, figs 173, 3-4;
<bibRefCitation id="05788BC6BA51DD86B07A9FBFD741C020" author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="34" pageNumber="133" pagination="177 - 192" title="A review of the leaf blotch miners of the genus Micrurapteryx Spuler (LepidopteraGracillariidae) of the Palaearctic fauna." volume="64" year="1985">Kuznetzov and Tristan 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 189, figs 15-17;
<bibRefCitation id="328592A445AF944414357F9A44E2D92F" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">Noreika 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 380, figs 257-258;
<bibRefCitation id="88A826D1E5A055E111054FD759C08F19" author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="34" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 60" title="Brief catalogue of the mining moths of the fam. Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) of Russia and adjacent countries." volume="274" year="1998">Kuznetzov and Baryshnikova 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 5-6;
<bibRefCitation id="6EE260785434D39B494CA6C11773747F" author="Kuznetzov, VI" editor="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Saint Petersburg" pageId="34" pageNumber="133" pagination="9 - 46" title="The family Gracillariidae (Lithocolletidae)." volumeTitle="Insects and mites - the pests of agricultural plants (V. III (2 )) - Lepidoptera" year="1999">Kuznetzov 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 21, figs 3-4; misidentifications]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DE7954EFEA65036B9A657666CE29FCF9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="70D034F8796619A467739E17CFFD9C13" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D35FB7BE484957886ACB1D2AF13CD5CA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="10" pageNumber="109">
Adult (18): 1 ♂
<taxonomicName id="72D98BA31716F7EAFF09C006D682A98F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Yenisei bank 12.07.2013, N. Kirichenko, Kr-19-13-1, slide TRB3995♂; 1♀, 1 ex abdomen missing,
<taxonomicName id="E7965F74D4E6495647B5D466133BA8CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Yenisei bank 12.07.2013, N. Kirichenko, Kr-19-13-/2/4, TRB3986♀; 4 ♀, 1 ex abdomen missing,
<taxonomicName id="62087D980F0232AD3F50381229512DB4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Yenisei river bank, 18.08.2014, N. Kirichenko, slide TRB4061; 2 ♂,
<taxonomicName id="C40F036DE6808FF337E85085E9671F30" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<pageBreakToken id="5A06F1767F24AAF043AA413F43096FE4" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" start="start">Caragana</pageBreakToken>
arborescens
</taxonomicName>
, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Yenisei river bank, 18.08.2014, N. Kirichenko, slides MIC6940, MIC6941 (CNC); 1♂, 2♀,
<taxonomicName id="64374A8A9E272178A609CE36174A97D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Novosibirsk: SCBG SB RAS, 02.07.2013, N. Kirichenko, Nov-19-13-1/2/3, slide TRB3994♂,
<pageBreakToken id="F890BCE969477DE6C3043EAF55F93B88" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" start="start">TRB</pageBreakToken>
4052♀; 2♀,
<taxonomicName id="E0C152566A8E40981BD7830D8E17900D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Yenisei bank, 15.07.2014, E. Akulov; 2 ♂, Russia, Siberia, Omsk (Victory park),
<taxonomicName id="0550215FBACFC5C910D870D97EE082D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana abrorescens" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abrorescens">Caragana abrorescens</taxonomicName>
, 23.VII.2015, reared from mines, N. Kirichenko, slides NK-186-15-1, NK-186-15-2; 2 ♂, Russia, Siberia, Omsk (Victory park),
<taxonomicName id="817646BDF1B0951D6D583F43EE07C12E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana frutex" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutex">Caragana frutex</taxonomicName>
, 23.VII.2015, reared from mines, N. Kirichenko, slides NK-184-15-1, NK-184-15-2; 1 ♀, Russia, Siberia, Omsk (Victory park),
<taxonomicName id="E7BBB26FE8B7B51B904D5BCC38CF5C92" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana frutex" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutex">Caragana frutex</taxonomicName>
, 23.VII.2015, reared from mines, N. Kirichenko, slide NK-184-15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2CBDFEAFE3B5675039A2E971953994" pageId="13" pageNumber="112">
<pageBreakToken id="ED545C50A9BD2CF171BAEEA5EBEE2B74" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" start="start">Pupa</pageBreakToken>
(6):
<taxonomicName id="55A2B6773BF915333274BA247AB1B590" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C3ED8EFC5EAADBAAAB70E75DB7C9480D" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micrurapteryx</taxonomicName>
sp., Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Yenisei river bank, 11.07.2013, N. Kirichenko, Kr-26-13. Larva (12): 5 larvae of the tissue-feeding instars, labelled as above, 12.07.2013, N. Kirichenko, Kr-19-13, 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="ECB60FE1B7C7A830F3CE90D18755B5C7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana boisii" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boisii">Caragana boisii</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Novosibirsk: SCBG SB RAS, 06.06.2012, N. Kirichenko, 22-12; 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="E8EC9793E378B143058FE625E32C844F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Novosibirsk: SCBG SB RAS, 03.08.2011, N. Kirichenko, Kr-30-11; 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="DE14191AC12C9A2CE157CC6AB3BD062B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Omsk: Victory park, 23.VII.2015, N. Kirichenko, NK-186-15; 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="32934BF51596910FF6C4850CAEBAC407" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana frutex" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutex">Caragana frutex</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Omsk: Victory park, 23.VII.2015, N. Kirichenko, NK-184-15; 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="19D42B453C7DD315F1DF03CF893E9734" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Tyumen: Zatyumenskiy park, 24.VII.2015, N. Kirichenko, NK-209-15; 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="1DA0B26CE255D2818624BB10988173C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Tobolsk: Ermak garden, 25.VII.2015, N. Kirichenko, NK-212-15; 1 larva,
<taxonomicName id="DCFEB4D6479C86371B9843B8F0CBA492" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
, Russia, Barnaul: Izymrudniy park, 27.VII.2015, N. Kirichenko, NK-223-15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FB8DC3E2B902059EB8DB33C60DABFC32" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclatural availability of parectopa caraganella hering, 1957">
<paragraph id="9E99C80701F15FF7E2CEBDA2D3423E01" pageId="13" pageNumber="112">
Nomenclatural availability of
<taxonomicName id="040F1A801ED742EE8DC751D096918B66" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
Hering, 1957.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="117A473C82C142F4B8750E0250112114" pageId="13" pageNumber="112">
The binomen
<taxonomicName id="0393A1A709EA7DDA7DF1B979D209408B" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
was first used by
<bibRefCitation id="B8DAE01EF7986CA23907C0AF7CC291BC" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="33" pageNumber="132" title="Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen vom Europa einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbecken und der Kanarischen Inseln" year="1957">Hering (1957</bibRefCitation>
: 1122) who attributed it to Danilevsky without further indication. In his three-volume work,
<bibRefCitation id="189F4C0B4BCB0D4D53AE33B98D0ABD9F" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="33" pageNumber="132" title="Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen vom Europa einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbecken und der Kanarischen Inseln" year="1957">Hering (1957)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished the larva of a species of
<taxonomicName id="B9DF2854181773DB3BAD631BEB5E3B71" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
from that of
<taxonomicName id="2E13813E3FC499A3E4A53F2E3EA8F462" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytagromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytagromyza caraganae" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganae">Phytagromyza caraganae</taxonomicName>
E. Rodendorf (now
<taxonomicName id="C9B68E0F1018E908BD0CA7A3FAF3E13A" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Aulagromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulagromyza caraganae" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganae">Aulagromyza caraganae</taxonomicName>
(Hering, 1957), see
<bibRefCitation id="5561DF4428EFAF723A58566ECCE52838" author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Netherlands" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" title="Bladmineerders van Europa (Leafminers of Europe)" url="http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index.htm" year="2015">Ellis 2015</bibRefCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="1EF1E360301F74199F68551BBB948FAB" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AC01EFF67F7220FCD5228F44285FC472" family="Agromyzidae" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
), both being leaf miners on
<taxonomicName id="6F3594A3303EDED2343CBCF46A64AEBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caragana</taxonomicName>
in Siberia. In his key on p 230 of volume 1, Hering wrote &quot;
<taxonomicName id="A75F1637A21942A3E2CB10A367246F96" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
sp.&quot; for species #1100a with the following &quot;Anfangsgang us. lang, epidermal. Kot im Platz teilweise ausgeworfen. Larva mit Kopfkapsel und Beinen
<normalizedToken id="09C7E725CE3D31E95404975E837E19F0" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
1100a.
<taxonomicName id="B9C6905A52F78DE489939BD439C4E2EF" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
sp. (Lept.) Unterseite Gang seicht, weisslich. Oberseite Platz beginnt auf der Mittelrippe, kann das ganze
<normalizedToken id="FD0A40DB5F5ADD628BE41A6DBE061BBE" originalValue="Blättchen">Blaettchen</normalizedToken>
einnehmen, dieses und Mine gewechselt (Europa). 7,8 Central-Siberien (Buhr)&quot; (= &quot;Beginning of mine on underside, long, epidermal. Frass partially ejected from mine. Larva with head capsule and legs
<normalizedToken id="98AF1B6735B07786C0E8A6AEFFCE0E24" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
1100a.
<taxonomicName id="A26594A3D18FECAACA87FE5D4FA6B20A" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
sp. (Lept.) Underside tunnel/gallery shallow, whitish. Upperside blotch begins on the midrib, can take the whole leaflet, this (e.g. the leaflet), and mine can be changed (Europe) 7,8. Central Siberia (Buhr).&quot;). Thus Hering
<normalizedToken id="F6A942942BB0B130FFCE4C74761DBEA4" originalValue="“described”">&quot;described&quot;</normalizedToken>
the larva and its mine, albeit in an extremely minimalist way but sufficiently to distinguish it from the next taxon. The fact that the latter is a fly is irrelevant. Hering did not use the name
<taxonomicName id="AD34BAA188BBB4DD204C26C17E1386EF" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">caraganella</taxonomicName>
on page 230. However, in volume 2 of the same publication (published simultaneously) on p 1122, in reference to volume 1, he listed a number of corrections. Thus page 1122 contains the following entry: &quot;p. 230, Nr. 1100a:
<taxonomicName id="F864A0F8E3D92665A6BAA37E90D8E0E0" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
Danilevsky (statt
<taxonomicName id="5D49CE39AC82EF70843DB7BA660714C7" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
sp.)&quot; [&quot;instead of
<taxonomicName id="763587D8F2D6040A885CFD3AFB6338CD" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parectopa</taxonomicName>
sp.&quot;]. Again in the index on p 1164 Hering listed &quot;
<taxonomicName id="FF7A65A9C8CDF055A7C7FA15DC4AA742" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
Danilevsky Suppl. 1100a&quot;: the reference to entry #1100a undisputably links the taxon name to the description in the key of p 230.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D13E3D04033C6ED6D55736F80B2CC3B6" pageId="13" pageNumber="112">
<normalizedToken id="0A3FF52F6DE4409DB3DA5EBF54F927A8" originalValue="Hering’s">Hering's</normalizedToken>
distinction in a key constitutes, however unintentionally, a valid description and thus makes the name
<taxonomicName id="B486288BF02F29CD18C1CF4248CB0D4C" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
nomenclaturally available with Hering as the author. Despite being woefully inadequate, the
<normalizedToken id="CA2D49ABA6785F3CD6E748FC0C1B38C2" originalValue="“description”">&quot;description&quot;</normalizedToken>
provided in
<normalizedToken id="D42E23E0D3131696712689E0860F12CE" originalValue="Hering’s">Hering's</normalizedToken>
key minimally meets the criteria expressed in Article 13.1.1 of the Code, namely that a name published after 1930 (but before 1960) &quot;be accompanied by a description of definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="FCB59935DD582CE0DBD9629C4B2C0F19" author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="33" pageNumber="132" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B01472DB090B0A495364F93C4E38F0A1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="14" pageNumber="113">
<pageBreakToken id="D6791980EE187051B199F5BDED075BED" pageId="14" pageNumber="113" start="start">It</pageBreakToken>
is worth noting that the description of the mine in association with the host plant provides a more useful diagnosis in the present case. Because the mine constitutes the work of an animal it could be construed as a condition for availability (Code article
<pageBreakToken id="522210914F5A28EB60733E31389071D6" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" start="start">12.2.8</pageBreakToken>
). However, such evidence is not admissible to assess the availability of names published after 1930.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1039DB268AB18E3A4B6C47CF5859DE77" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">
Given its year of publication, a type specimen is not even required. Did Hering have voucher material of that species from Siberia when he wrote his 1957 work? He only mentioned the name
<normalizedToken id="B4EC430659CFC139048DCFD0A4253483" originalValue="“Buhr”">&quot;Buhr&quot;</normalizedToken>
at the end of the key couplet, who is presumably the person who communicated the information to him. He did not indicate how he obtained the name he attributed to Danilevsky. Even if so, the existence of voucher specimens would not affect the attribution of the name to Hering.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E6BB7FCA6063DE2DA0E3E2C298A29F3" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">
In a catalogue of leaf-mining insects,
<bibRefCitation id="36A39A41F0C1916BE11BBBC61AF6EAA9" author="Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, DP" journalOrPublisher="Ilim, Frunze" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" title="Mining insects on plants of Kirgizia and adjacent territory." year="1969">
<normalizedToken id="3A38E6C087A3EFC0AFD65743F1479029" originalValue="Dovnar-Zapol’skiy">Dovnar-Zapol'skiy</normalizedToken>
(1969)
</bibRefCitation>
cited &quot;
<taxonomicName id="61EB180F1A91249A7B62ECC846F441FB" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraginella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraginella">Parectopa caraginella</taxonomicName>
Dan.&quot; (this seems to be a misspelling of
<taxonomicName id="9BB65680EDD565DD279A3512876CA8D4" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">caraganella</taxonomicName>
) as a species feeding on
<taxonomicName id="2715F94EA848A55516F209229FDFFE11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caragana</taxonomicName>
described by Danilevsky from Western Siberia without any further reference or indication. As such, that citation has no nomenclatural value.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7008D2071ED8C1E2A3378A31CD14C760" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">
<bibRefCitation id="101F8D71E3F92FDD0895035F765EDBEA" author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="34" pageNumber="133" pagination="177 - 192" title="A review of the leaf blotch miners of the genus Micrurapteryx Spuler (LepidopteraGracillariidae) of the Palaearctic fauna." volume="64" year="1985">Kuznetzov and Tristan (1985)</bibRefCitation>
correctly discounted the names
<taxonomicName id="DD2591A63A9F71173F33ECF2909D3FBF" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Parectopa caraganella</taxonomicName>
Danilevsky and
<taxonomicName id="07DD0A1E7F12CE42E38C8E63CF263760" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraginella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraginella">Parectopa caraginella</taxonomicName>
Danilevsky as nomenclaturally unavailable. Indeed, despite being cited by several authors, no original publication by Danilevsky where either spelling of the name is mentioned seems to exist. It is intriguing that no authors who cited or attributed the names to Danilevsky gave any indication or reference where those names were seen in the first place.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="132083E58D534BB08351C1E8D96773F6" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="64FCB05CD1D6D089D88490409C007A95" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80A791A85CB54C01013A1968EB63650C" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">
The forewing pattern of
<taxonomicName id="78568C9862D9570730C7F39CB8818CF3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="62E7A7436C7A3E94C693343F29ECBB36" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
and the two species are separable with certainty only by examination of the genitalia. In male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="723158FAE6672B25E2DFD901D600B273" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
differs mainly by the presence of a sharp, prominent tooth on the middle of the ventral margin of the valva. This character allows distinguishing easily this species from all other congeners. In female genitalia, the antrum is ampulla-shaped with lateral broadenings, whereas it is almost cylindrical in
<taxonomicName id="0E00759BF2E3B846C185BBE5D1C40170" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
. The cremaster differs in pupae of the two species: there are three pairs of little spines in
<taxonomicName id="08895FBCD2C20DE710482FD437083C32" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="88E72EACEAAC9E5B1801FB46DDBA7303" author="Patocka, J" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="35" pageNumber="134" title="Lepidoptera pupae: Central European species (1 - 2)." year="2005">
<normalizedToken id="ED1814644063B3414370270D040996F0" originalValue="Patočka">Patocka</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="772F531EFE4C5684C5FDABC198F2C87D" originalValue="Turčáni">Turcani</normalizedToken>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
) versus five pairs in the new
<taxonomicName id="5A1DEEBDF235242E704F818708E1C3CD" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
. The larva of
<taxonomicName id="BA910130AC70640972AA7A7D15A5889C" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
differs modestly from those of
<taxonomicName id="F7D246834B57E015FB949D8C60DF25F4" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="139D9BB67E1AC62AC1E0501A8862B1C3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx kollariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollariella">Micrurapteryx kollariella</taxonomicName>
by the enlargements of the internal margins of the dorsal apodemes, along the epicranial notch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E007A657467D2EEBC157AC6C81EBA9BB" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" type="description of adult">
<paragraph id="470EE82A492D18A8A8A3465A9AED544F" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">Description of adult</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A711BE55F6E71B4A87456594E73EC8D9" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">(Figs 4, 5). Wing span 8.7-10.2 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34BE234B34D6D08B46AAFD10A331371E" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">
Head. Frons and vertex white, sometimes sprinkled with brownish grey. Palpi white; labial palpus rather long and slender, upturned, with apically forked dark brown band on median segment and sometimes apical one ringed with grey; maxillary palpus slightly more than half length of apical segment of labial palpus, spotted with fuscous outside. Antenna as in
<taxonomicName id="E7F545E97A4E54FE7121115097888B22" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F23099A0F7075B69BFE43E49099857F9" pageId="15" pageNumber="114">
Thorax. Legs and thorax as in
<taxonomicName id="5372B586AA6A2F569FD38B376D230A6B" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
. Forewing dark brown in ground colour with white markings; costal margin with 5 white strigulae, the first four curving outwards, the fifth inwards, the first long and strongly oblique, the fourth often indistinct; dorsal margin with basal ⅔ white, this fascia denticulate inwards, often linked irregularly with costal strigulae; apical spot black with some mixture of paler scales, surrounded by circular white line including 5th costal strigula; cilia and hindwing as in
<taxonomicName id="6B15907CF6F5AEE180C337FD2C872096" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D64D0F911368E371CCFF76805385A8B" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">
<pageBreakToken id="112AA93627B24A524F7ACED8DFA2E857" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
. Brownish grey dorsally and white ventrally, apical segment with lateral dark grey spot in the female. Segment 7 of male similar to
<taxonomicName id="AFE6C24411E47F51768CB2354BEA1198" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
. Sternum 6 of female as in
<taxonomicName id="DAFB0C3FD7C3A5776A95A166F6099643" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">gradatella</taxonomicName>
but posterior margin more rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BECE8D02EBF93B2B5699E73455EAA964" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">
Male genitalia (Figs 26, 27). Tegumen short, triangular at apex, with no setae; tuba analis membraneous, without subscaphium, produced beyond tegumen, very similar to
<taxonomicName id="7CA3E5812EE961F870E72E96F8866E82" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
. Valva longitudinally cleft, costal region with sinuous margin, cucullus lobe rounded; sacculus with large, sharp tooth in middle of ventral margin and apex ventrally produced into strongly sclerotized toothed process with two pointed ends. Phallus tubular, about 0.9x length of valva, slightly bent in apical third, with small broadenings at base, a few small teeth on medio-ventral and dorsoapical walls and 2-3 larger denticles before apex; vesica with rather large patch of microspines and a thin, long cornutus apically pointed. Segment 7 with a pair of coremata of thin scales almost as long as width of sternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B06FEFC2710FF7A77263B3C719EF8CA5" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">Female genitalia (Figs 42, 43). Anal papillae rather short, posterior apophyses shorter than anterior ones. Segment 8 about same length as anal papillae, weakly sclerotized. Sternum 7 markedly sclerotized, elongate-conical. Ostium bursae wide and rounded. Antrum sclerotized, ampulla-shaped, with lateral broadenings; inception of ductus seminalis near its anterior end; distal third of ductus bursae broadened, strongly and irregularly sclerotized with elongate-papillate microsculpture, medial third with thin lateral sclerotized band and proximal one completely membraneous. Bursa copulatrix slender, with pair of opposite signa each as cluster of 3-5 long spines. Ductus spermathecae with efferent canal forming 4 or 5 wide coils before vesicle (not shown). Segment 6 equal to preceding ones, sternum strongly sclerotized, posterior margin convexely rounded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9287E359222913243EE4781FA87AC2A" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" type="pupa">
<paragraph id="1D85E3F622AC99155B4632A7B01B846B" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">Pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D4D141FE81E8CF51ADCD66600D21ED5" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">
(Figs 49-54). Maximum length 4.2 mm; width 0.9 mm. Head setae as in
<taxonomicName id="9BD22435D8BB01419E84AD62F6285C15" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
. Frontal process (cocoon cutter) a transverse ridge strongly and irregularly dentate. Antenna extended to abdominal segment A7, A8 or A10; forewing to A5, A6 or A7; hindleg from posterior margin of A7 to just beyond apex of abdomen. Setae D1, SD1 and L1 present on abdominal segment A1-7. Cremaster consisting of ring of five pairs of small recurved spines, two dorsal pairs slightly enlarged and more closely set, ventral pair very small.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B073C71BAD8BD72B7D982808F1BCEA4" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" type="larva">
<paragraph id="4B4C135BEC09602E28AD23DA4D584FB0" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">Larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96BB8E7D485A8051BF7885030CFB8BAD" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">(Figs 55-58). Tissue-feeding form examined of presumed last instar.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20AB1E856240BC443760CB238AC39999" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">
Head. Frons elongate, extended to epicranial notch, dorsal apodemes well developed, margins of epicranial notch with slight enlargement, on each side of caudal half while in
<taxonomicName id="F6E10698E7BB627C69EBBB3EA37E2E25" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
these margins are regular; chaetotaxy with all three MD setae present, P2 very reduced; six stemmata on each side, arranged in 2 groups: first with 1 ventrad to A3, 2 between S2 and A3, 3, ventrad, near S2; second group in oblique line close to antenna. Mandible with 4 dorsal teeth and two ventral; both lateral setae present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9030977E2D263F93FC0E983C7AFB8B5" pageId="16" pageNumber="115">
Body. Cuticle densely covered with very minute hairs, except on pronotal plate and small, symmetrical areas; chaetotaxy rather similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="D1FC222DCA5C023DA9FBC431E0991449" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Acrocercops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrocercops" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrocercops</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="462F184E9451191F51099F9E140855A4" author="Kumata, T" journalOrPublisher="New series" pageId="33" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 111" title="Japanese species of the Acrocercops-group (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) Part I. Insecta matsumurana." volume="38" year="1988">Kumata 1988</bibRefCitation>
): L setae bisetose on all segments except A9, SV bisetose on T1 and unisetose on T2-3, proprioceptor MD1 and MV3 present on T2-3 and A1-9; prolegs on A3-5 and A10. Most setae are inconspicuous, particularly the D and SV groups.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F47C456E832575378D07840BDA90E9C" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" type="biology">
<paragraph id="83D589F12453104B8CD6D0D6B50F6EB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
<pageBreakToken id="60141AA2A65027CD3B9B983F78DE7571" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8777788D704801126FC217759CF7F8CB" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
(Figs 65-76). The species usually mines the leaves of
<taxonomicName id="62A4A83A58034793F2758A073328BED5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
(Figs 65-69) but some individuals (i.e. larvae in mines) were also found on
<taxonomicName id="9C37F876C78AAB086FD8520CA198C1EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana frutex" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutex">Caragana frutex</taxonomicName>
(Figs 70-71),
<taxonomicName id="A4DFDD74D9C2120731387D40EAA2059F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana boisii" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boisii">Caragana boisii</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="1991AC892999E0A86E01B6438EE59FC1" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="Parectopa" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Figs 73, 74) and on the herbaceous
<taxonomicName id="F96B744539AB7238577DCC0A6E37C9A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Medicago sativa" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">Medicago sativa</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="32A2F2F07BF17456E829C2350C43C2EC" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="Parectopa" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Fig. 72). The mine is a roundish or slightly branched blotch (branches are short, 2-5 mm long) above the midrib (Figs 68-69). Often a long, narrow tunnel is visible on the lower surface of the leaf (Fig. 71). The mine quickly develops into an upper-surface flat blotch with digitate channels, occupying half or an entire leaflet (Figs 68, 69, 72, 73), similar to
<taxonomicName id="2E3F559CE860E0707BCC4C00529381EE" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
(Figs 59-62). Fresh mines are white (Figs 66-72) with larvae visible when examining the mines with backlighting (Figs 73). The larva consumes all layers of palisade parenchyma and partly damages the layers of spongy parenchyma. Since not all spongy parenchyma is eaten, the colour of the mine can be slightly greenish yellow. Larvae eject frass out of the mine by protruding the rear end of their body through a slit (up to 7 mm long) on the underside of leaves. Larvae can leave their mines (Fig. 74) and begin a new one, either on the same or a neighboring leaflet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72448191D0805FA20FF6FA59E1196F25" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
Pupation (Figs 75-76). Pupation takes place outside the mine, usually on the lower surface of a leaflet where the larva spins a transparent, glossy cocoon, locating it usually perpendicular to the midrib, as in case of
<taxonomicName id="A5D48C3124627950C9531B8D2F1866B3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
(Figs 63-64). Silk deposition by the prepupa induces a slight buckle in the leaf so that presence of the cocoon can be detected from above by the curved appearance of the leaflet. Occasionally pupation may also occur on the upper side of a leaflet, at the base along the midrib (Fig. 75).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="299ED99556D39A9E62DC8783225AEE95" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="5548702593CDBAE928A2CE5925B2401D" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FF33396B6F03A425958493A8C6BB022" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
In Siberia,
<taxonomicName id="8E8F6831B7C0CB423BA57306EA9093F9" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
has two generations. The overwintering stage is not known (but is likely to be as a pupa or adult); neonate larvae of the first generation usually occur in early June. Adults fly in early July. The second generation develops from mid-July until the end of August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8438E171E09B94EC8612E0762A475AAD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" type="ecology and host plant range">
<paragraph id="87F103C546541A27AC36BCCA97BD3ED7" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">Ecology and host plant range.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D8B915C373294C18A58F4DEE0D123C0" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
Leaf mines of the new species were most commonly found in Siberia on Siberian peashrub,
<taxonomicName id="3CAA590CA41F327C2EB3B58DE89A4F4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="BC4A4A87FA26A8C0414C8803EF9A7B7E" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="Parectopa" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
), a plant widely used for different purposes: as an ornamental, for erosion control, as a source of nectar for bees, and for nitrogen fixation (
<bibRefCitation id="D7B4B62FDF652147456E6884D9718407" author="Shortt, KB" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pageId="35" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 8" title="A review of the biology of the weedy Siberian peashrub, Caraganaarborescens, with an emphasis on its potential effects in North America." volume="53" year="2012">Shortt and Vamosi 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="642BBED6CA45E58DD4E4F2DA9E00C918" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
is native to Siberia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan (
<bibRefCitation id="71E34D220025C84599D28749F7211727" author="Yingxin, L" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis" pageId="36" pageNumber="135" pagination="42 - 45" title="Caragana - Flora of China" year="2010">Yingxin et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). In North America, where the shrub was introduced in 1752, it is naturalized and widespread (
<bibRefCitation id="6A0FDD7CAD66CBD35A171B179921BA68" author="Shortt, KB" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pageId="35" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 8" title="A review of the biology of the weedy Siberian peashrub, Caraganaarborescens, with an emphasis on its potential effects in North America." volume="53" year="2012">Shortt and Vamosi 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81E2EC6FE742762C1019F9F58AD11D6A" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
<bibRefCitation id="6FF1E9B494AD36BA64D7AC4AFC2903DB" author="Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, DP" editor="Kulik, SA" journalOrPublisher="The publishing house of Irkutsk university, Irkutsk" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" pagination="20 - 51" title="Leaf mining insects of Siberia and neighbor territories." volumeTitle="Insects of Eastern Siberia" year="1978">
<normalizedToken id="5F45A0E0CB4DE5F03A56D776A8085C29" originalValue="Dovnar-Zapol’skiy">Dovnar-Zapol'skiy</normalizedToken>
and Tomilova (1978)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned
<taxonomicName id="28754A9DEB104289E5D901EA920B301F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
sp. as a host plant for
<taxonomicName id="D19CB60576E1A17A5235FFD599902E54" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraginella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraginella">Parectopa caraginella</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="355A44ED7F909A785BCA0CB3B3E1F35C" class="Insecta" family="Batrachedridae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gracilaria caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Gracilaria caraganella</taxonomicName>
. Their record likely refers another
<taxonomicName id="08BF0601DAC161247D3867FB1EBEE7F8" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micrurapteryx</taxonomicName>
species, particularly
<taxonomicName id="5BD644B014E80E1387AF5113195A64A3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
which is known to develop on
<taxonomicName id="A365CC466FF6E46CCC9FCD0AE1E74F8A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia sepium" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sepium">Vicia sepium</taxonomicName>
in Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="A8BBFA269DC0345017D64D0DC2D917D9" author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Netherlands" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" title="Bladmineerders van Europa (Leafminers of Europe)" url="http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index.htm" year="2015">Ellis 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and, according to our observations, on
<taxonomicName id="33E642CF4777AC17EA276B2337D28072" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia amoena" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amoena">Vicia amoena</taxonomicName>
in Siberia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55CC5F676E55019E3F8A9134772BB2FF" pageId="17" pageNumber="116">
NK looked for mines of
<taxonomicName id="3917B871C00793B176ED936766F80CD3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micrurapteryx</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="CB11C5866BCF05E540BBC2BB699172EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
spp. plants growing in the same locality as
<taxonomicName id="1258A846B533322133D3D62E7D44E842" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
with mines of
<taxonomicName id="02AF9838486EC3A690BC1EB2FF2CF546" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
. No mines of
<taxonomicName id="8D70D0053A022508639CC2646D66451F" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
were found on this herbaceous vetch, whereas leaf mines were common on
<taxonomicName id="758AA39EE4F619004D2726F8F6EA8F8E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
. In Krasnoyarsk, on
<taxonomicName id="0D7BD889969A15059A4FB3659980F391" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
, particularly
<taxonomicName id="757F76551895E3F39CD5B7151611FD91" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia amoena" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amoena">Vicia amoena</taxonomicName>
NK recorded mines of
<taxonomicName id="C14FEE90EB22F2A5306158E6957FC4C9" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C6F73E249AD5DEBB908F7AC7AB6421E" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
<pageBreakToken id="CF5E45A33D39BB8AD51C58A20E8FEA4B" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" start="start">These</pageBreakToken>
findings suggest that
<taxonomicName id="98C8C3111EEB8025D703C66366EB4043" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
is an oligophagous insect with a preference for
<taxonomicName id="40D9F39E0FD098AFDBD2B0F8E65F0A19" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
. In the Central Siberian garden SB RAS (Novosibirsk) in July 2012, NK also found a few mines of
<taxonomicName id="C38CD2E8C58F89D16C87A7432A72CBF5" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="B5DD90D40EFEEEBE4B1A9455770D720E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana boisii" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boisii">Caragana boisii</taxonomicName>
, an allied plant originating from China. In July 2015 in Omsk (Victory park), NK recorded mines of
<taxonomicName id="B9668A48B3A18112F4DA7EDB0C169D2B" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="E49006039DDF86F0CBD9A11F2E40384C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana frutex" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutex">Caragana frutex</taxonomicName>
(native in Siberia). In the same location and at the same time bushes of
<taxonomicName id="ED4CE1A4EBFF8F794F55D1B6AB1D4525" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
were observed to be heavily attacked by
<taxonomicName id="D150E1D352E160B57E2E4FCBA36B228B" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
(Figs 66, 67), whereas bushes of
<taxonomicName id="F6D298867D8639D3BE55460DA6B6CFBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana frutex" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutex">Caragana frutex</taxonomicName>
growing in vicinity (20 m from the damaged
<taxonomicName id="00D114725451CCD7E44A97486B2AEF9B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
) were hardly colonized by the insect. In Omsk, on the same plot, NK also found the occasional mines of
<taxonomicName id="D1D5CCA1571792A4359AC798ACBC8EA9" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
on the herbaceous legume
<taxonomicName id="78407B2474E55C71815A154EFE89EF17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Medicago sativa" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">Medicago sativa</taxonomicName>
growing near heavily infested Siberia peashrub
<taxonomicName id="FF1AD9EF0C9C459BA9B21467997FDD98" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E6874DA013F68E239665FB9734A521D" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4A11901E698E902F25390AA6921A91D5" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887AAD9E3C8639B2A8B3382303CE929E" pageId="18" pageNumber="117">
Siberian regions previously considered part of the range of
<taxonomicName id="05FD03C10D11FC06E06032B728845F7F" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
, namely Tyumen, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk oblats, Altai krai (
<bibRefCitation id="BDDAFFCBBE74B4C8F241FEDE852AB503" author="Sinev, SY" journalOrPublisher="KMK Press, Saint Petersburg-Moscow" pageId="35" pageNumber="134" title="Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia." year="2008">Sinev 2008</bibRefCitation>
), the Republics of Buryatia and Yakutia (Sakha) (
<bibRefCitation id="8C0F3BC88EB5B736E7C3991807798430" author="Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, DP" editor="Kulik, SA" journalOrPublisher="The publishing house of Irkutsk university, Irkutsk" pageId="32" pageNumber="131" pagination="20 - 51" title="Leaf mining insects of Siberia and neighbor territories." volumeTitle="Insects of Eastern Siberia" year="1978">
<normalizedToken id="407DD036140119C43FCCF46FBCCD85F4" originalValue="Dovnar-Zapol’skiy">Dovnar-Zapol'skiy</normalizedToken>
and Tomilova 1978
</bibRefCitation>
), where it was recorded feeding on
<taxonomicName id="8558C2E5A5854DC976AECBF786D7918D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caragana</taxonomicName>
, most likely refer to
<taxonomicName id="05F24D184003BFC61DAEC3338CC89C92" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parectopa caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">caraganella</taxonomicName>
. In July-August 2015, NK recorded
<taxonomicName id="E812E0059995A5EFF56690DE702A620E" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
at these locations, except in Kemerovo and Yakutia. Additionally, NK found it in the south of Krasnoyarsk krai and in the easternmost corner of Siberia, Transbaikal krai, in Chita (Victory Park). Also the reports of
<taxonomicName id="8FBCB4724D31D6642BDD87B39335AA7C" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx gradatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatella">Micrurapteryx gradatella</taxonomicName>
from Tajikistan and the Russian Far East (see above) probably belong to
<taxonomicName id="F99D4F078830985092E396001BD1CD27" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
. There are no records of
<taxonomicName id="1EFC3676C65AA73F43C316436701E292" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Micrurapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrurapteryx caraganella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraganella">Micrurapteryx caraganella</taxonomicName>
for North America where its host plant
<taxonomicName id="FF40B45719D9C9FD853D66061775C892" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caragana arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Caragana arborescens</taxonomicName>
has been introduced as an ornamental.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink