463 lines
62 KiB
XML
463 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="5E45F61A20D1EA0BDE44E740D3C9C873" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3694.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5fbc5e7d-2023-4bad-a0c4-b4e147589962" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221152" ID-ZooBank="216E5E96-9535-45E7-9044-E60B48882632" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460657885624" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chan, Benny K. K., Cheang, Chi Chiu, Chen, I-Han & Kolbasov, Gregory A." docDate="2013" docId="03A687D6EB63051EFF3BFA60FB47D365" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03694p239.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3694 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="FF9FFFAEEB670515FFACFFB5FFAFD201" masterDocTitle="Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1698347161022" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D4FCE10812020B9EEFF745C61453F551">Acrothoracican barnacles (Lithoglyptida) in Taiwan, including the taxonomic status of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950 and cryptic diversity of Auritoglyptes bicornis (Aurivillius, 1892)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0B6889995064A6184ED16C1222FC8DA">Chan, Benny K. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ADC817BD06DE4132519BE9BBEB97F5C7">Cheang, Chi Chiu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B83857DEA9220C52978CCC26E69FCE0A">Chen, I-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8399249240FA832CC73DCE87C9310C78">Kolbasov, Gregory A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4BB97369E4264E35A9F07EDBE42D2E40">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E697795A87D2332CE85521B23DB1F4F0">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="365508B36EF9F1C0DC7FE005B78C1168">3694</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A687D6EB63051EFF3BFA60FB47D365" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6163735" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119574086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6163735" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687D6EB63051EFF3BFA60FB47D365" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687D6EB63051EFF3BFA60FB47D365" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<subSubSection id="C315654BEB630511FF3BFA60FD30D475" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB630511FF3BFA60FDCBD7EE" blockId="4.[151,624,1493,1552]" box="[151,612,1493,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<heading id="D0F881ACEB630511FF3BFA60FDCBD7EE" bold="true" box="[151,612,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BFA60FDCBD7EE" bold="true" box="[151,612,1493,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FF3BFA60FDF8D7EE" authority="Utinomi, 1950" authorityName="Utinomi" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,599,1493,1519]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BFA60FE31D7EE" bold="true" box="[151,414,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Balanodytes taiwanus</emphasis>
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Utinomi, 1950
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</taxonomicName>
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c
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB630511FF3BFA42FDDFD411" blockId="4.[151,624,1493,1552]" box="[151,624,1527,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<figureCitation id="13342A45EB630511FF3BFA42FF54D411" box="[151,251,1527,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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A–G, 2B–D, 3A–L, 4A–G, 5A–F
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB630511FF3BF9F5FD30D475" blockId="4.[151,1233,1600,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FF3BF9F5FDFFD457" authority="Utinomi, 1950c: 454" authorityName="Utinomi" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,592,1600,1622]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BF9F5FEDAD457" box="[151,373,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Balanodytes taiwanus</emphasis>
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Utinomi, 1950c: 454
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</taxonomicName>
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, 459, fig. 16.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FD78F9F5FD40D454" bold="true" box="[724,751,1600,1621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">—</emphasis>
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Utinomi 1950a: 1, figs 1–2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FF3BF9EBFD80D475" authority="Tomlinson, 1963: 270" authorityName="Tomlinson" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,559,1630,1652]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Kochlorine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habei">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BF9EBFEE8D475" box="[151,327,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Kochlorine habei</emphasis>
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Tomlinson, 1963: 270
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 7–17.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315654BEB630511FF3BF9C8FD35D4D1" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB630511FF3BF9C8FD16D492" blockId="4.[151,1233,1600,1744]" box="[151,697,1661,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FF3BF9C8FEFDD492" box="[151,338,1661,1683]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habei">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BF9C8FEFDD492" box="[151,338,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Lithoglyptes habei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FEFBF9CBFEDDD492" bold="true" box="[343,370,1662,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">—</emphasis>
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Tomlinson 1969: 61–65, fig. 12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB630511FF3BF929FD35D4D1" blockId="4.[151,1233,1600,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FF3BF929FEC6D4B3" box="[151,361,1692,1714]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Armatoglyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habei">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BF929FEC6D4B3" box="[151,361,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Armatoglyptes habei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FEC3F929FE27D4B0" bold="true" box="[367,392,1692,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">—</emphasis>
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Kolbasov & Newman 2005: 47–51, figs 5a–f, 6a, d.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FC3FF929FC01D4B0" bold="true" box="[915,942,1692,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">—</emphasis>
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Kolbasov 2009: 301, fig. 97.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FF3BF90FFE23D4D1" box="[151,396,1722,1744]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Armatoglyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BF90FFE23D4D1" box="[151,396,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Armatoglyptes taiwanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FE3FF90EFE03D4D1" bold="true" box="[403,428,1723,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">—</emphasis>
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Chan
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FE4BF90EFDBBD4D1" box="[487,532,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012: 5–19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315654BEB630510FF3BF948FE9BD389" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB630510FF3BF948FE9BD389" blockId="4.[151,1436,1789,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FF3BF948FE2CD517" bold="true" box="[151,387,1789,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B48862EB630511FE21F94BFE58D517" box="[397,503,1790,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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, SMBL
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<typeStatus id="54B48862EB630511FDF7F94BFD24D517" box="[603,651,1790,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">type</typeStatus>
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52.
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FD6EF94BFD7FD517" box="[706,720,1790,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
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specimens, in the base of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FBABF948FA33D517" authority="Takao" authorityName="Takao" box="[1031,1436,1789,1814]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Megabalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tintinnabulum">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FBABF948FAE8D517" box="[1031,1351,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Megabalanus tintinnabulum</emphasis>
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, Takao
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</taxonomicName>
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(=Kaoshiung), 1938. CEL- Acro-RYU-01,
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FDD6F897FD53D53B" box="[634,764,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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, in a gastropod shell, Lobster Cave, Siaoliouciou, Pingtung,
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<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB630511FF3BF8F0FF43D55F" box="[151,236,1861,1886]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFB11000EB630511FF5AF8F0FE02D55F" box="[246,429,1861,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" value="2010-08-16">16 August 2010</date>
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. CEL-Acro-RYU-02, same data as CEL-Acro-RYU-01. CEL-Acro-RYU-03, same data as CEL-Acro-RYU-01. CEL-Acro-sp-8,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FDE2F8DFFD78D583" box="[590,727,1897,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FCA0F8DCFC0AD583" box="[780,933,1897,1922]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Megabalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FCA0F8DCFC0AD583" box="[780,933,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Megabalanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shell, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
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<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB630511FAB5F8DCFAC1D583" box="[1305,1390,1897,1922]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<date id="FFB11000EB630511FA2CF8DFFE9AD5A7" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" value="2010-01-17">17 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-6,
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FDA8F83BFD25D5A7" box="[516,650,1933,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FD15F838FCFDD5A7" box="[697,850,1933,1958]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Megabalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FD15F838FCFDD5A7" box="[697,850,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Megabalanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shell, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
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<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB630511FB16F838FAA0D5A7" box="[1210,1295,1933,1958]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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<date id="FFB11000EB630511FAB2F83BFF7CD5CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" value="2010-01-14">14 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-16,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FE05F807FD84D5CB" box="[425,555,1969,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FDFFF804FD41D5C8" box="[595,750,1969,1994]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="setosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FDFFF804FD41D5C8" box="[595,750,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Turbo setosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Shi-Ti-Ping, Hualien,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB630511FC59F804FBE5D5CB" box="[1013,1098,1969,1994]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB630511FBF9F807FABDD5CB" box="[1109,1298,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" value="2010-01-21">21 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acrosp-15,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FF4FF863FEC9D5EF" box="[227,358,2005,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB630511FE22F860FD86D5EC" box="[398,553,2005,2030]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="setosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB630511FE22F860FD86D5EC" box="[398,553,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Turbo setosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Shi-Ti-Ping, Hualien,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB630511FC83F860FC2BD5EF" box="[815,900,2005,2030]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB630511FC3CF863FBE2D5EF" box="[912,1101,2006,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" value="2010-01-21">21 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-3,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB630511FABAF863FA37D5EF" box="[1302,1432,2005,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in dead coral skeleton, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FD6DFF22FCB9D2B1" box="[705,790,151,176]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, date unknown. CEL-Acro-sp-10,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB620510FB04FF2DFA81D2B1" box="[1192,1326,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FAF1FF22FEAED2D4" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Thais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FAF1FF22FEAED2D4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Thais clavigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FD88FF09FDD6D2D4" box="[548,633,188,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FD29FF09FCE9D2D5" box="[645,838,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-01-18">18 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-31,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB620510FBB3FF09FB0BD2D4" box="[1055,1188,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in the base region of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FF3BFF6AFEB8D2F9" box="[151,279,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Faviidae" genus="Cyphastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FF3BFF6AFEB8D2F9" box="[151,279,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Cyphastrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FD90FF6AFD3ED2F9" box="[572,657,223,248]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FD32FF6AFCC2D2F9" box="[670,877,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-02-25">25 February 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-13,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB620510FBE4FF55FB63D2F9" box="[1096,1228,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FB54FF6AFA3AD2F9" box="[1272,1429,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="setosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FB54FF6AFA3AD2F9" box="[1272,1429,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Turbo setosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Shi-Ti-Ping, Hualien,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FE23FEB1FE4BD31C" box="[399,484,260,285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FE43FEB1FD04D31D" box="[495,683,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-01-21">21 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-6,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB620510FCD8FEB1FC59D31C" box="[884,1014,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FBB1FEB1FB19D31C" box="[1053,1206,260,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Megabalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FBB1FEB1FB19D31C" box="[1053,1206,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Megabalanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shell, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FEA8FE92FEF6D341" box="[260,345,295,320]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FEC9FE9DFD8CD341" box="[357,547,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-01-14">14 January 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-4,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB620510FD40FE9DFCC0D341" box="[748,879,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FC3BFE92FBE8D341" box="[919,1095,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Thais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FC3BFE92FBE8D341" box="[919,1095,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Thais clavigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shell, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FF3BFEF9FF43D364" box="[151,236,332,357]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FF54FEF9FE29D365" box="[248,390,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-01-13">13 Jan 2010</date>
|
||
. CEL-Acro-sp-14,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD49EB620510FDF3FEF9FD4CD364" box="[607,739,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FCA1FEF9FC11D364" box="[781,958,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Thais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FCA1FEF9FC11D364" box="[781,958,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Thais clavigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shell, He-Ping-Dao, Keelung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FAB2FEF9FADCD364" box="[1310,1395,332,357]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FA2CFEF9FE9ED389" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-01-21">21 January 2010</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315654BEB620510FF6BFE21FADDD731" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB620510FF6BFE21FC14D3F4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FF6BFE21FEEED3AC" bold="true" box="[199,321,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Opercular bars with bifid teeth, posterior projections of opercular bars pronounced, recurved with 1–3 pairs of sharp spine-like teeth, lateral bars feeble, orificial knob distinct, with curved teeth, terminal cirri consisting of 4 pairs, caudal appendages 2-segmented, pedestals absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB620510FF6BFE4AFDB0D15C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FF6BFE4AFECCD019" bold="true" box="[199,355,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Descriptions.</emphasis>
|
||
(based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48862EB620510FE73FDB5FD99D019" box="[479,566,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
and our own material). Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FC04FE4AFC45D019" box="[936,1002,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C–G, 2C, D, 3, 4, 5). Shape of burrow opening varying from narrow oval or drop-shaped to oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FC96FD91FC2FD03D" box="[826,896,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[216,1357,211,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[212,1364,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Sampling locations in Taiwan. (B) Burrow openings of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, from various substrates. (C) Balanodytes taiwanus, female, general view. (D) Balanodytes taiwanus, mouth cirrus. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, tc— terminal cirri, ob— opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars (except on ‘ B’) in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Opercular bars approximately 400 Μm long, armed with series of bifid teeth and simple setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FD49FDF2FC83D061" box="[741,812,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 2C, 3B, C, F, G); posterior processes pronounced, recurved (anteriorly bent), with small bifid teeth along their length (teeth number variable,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FB15FDD9FB51D085" box="[1209,1278,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, E, 3B, C), simple spine-like teeth apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FDBEFD3AFDF6D0A9" box="[530,601,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 3B, C, F, G); comb collar long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FC52FD3AFBEBD0A9" box="[1022,1092,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[221,1359,212,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1367,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, external morphology of female. (A) Lateral view of live female. (B) and (C) Posterior processes of opercular bars, opercular bars and orificial knob, showing variation in teeth number along the margin, lateral view. (D) and (E) Orificial knob, showing variation in teeth on surface, lateral view. (F) Opercular area observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), upper lateral view. (G) Posterior process of opercular bars under SEM, showing teeth and setae, upper lateral view. (H) Orificial knob under SEM, showing teeth and sparse setae, upper view. (I) Comb collar under SEM, showing plumose projections. (J) Enlarged view of cuticular projections of comb collar. (K) Rows of massive multifid scales on opercular region. (L) Mantle teeth on surface of orificial knob. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, ms— massive multifid scales, ob — opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221155/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B), with feather-like cuticular projections fused at bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FE65FD01FDA2D0CD" box="[457,525,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[221,1359,212,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1367,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, external morphology of female. (A) Lateral view of live female. (B) and (C) Posterior processes of opercular bars, opercular bars and orificial knob, showing variation in teeth number along the margin, lateral view. (D) and (E) Orificial knob, showing variation in teeth on surface, lateral view. (F) Opercular area observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), upper lateral view. (G) Posterior process of opercular bars under SEM, showing teeth and setae, upper lateral view. (H) Orificial knob under SEM, showing teeth and sparse setae, upper view. (I) Comb collar under SEM, showing plumose projections. (J) Enlarged view of cuticular projections of comb collar. (K) Rows of massive multifid scales on opercular region. (L) Mantle teeth on surface of orificial knob. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, ms— massive multifid scales, ob — opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221155/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB11000EB620510FE53FD01FDA2D0CD" box="[511,525,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I, J), pair of bifid teeth located at posterior end of comb collar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FB72FD01FA8DD0CD" box="[1246,1314,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[221,1359,212,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1367,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, external morphology of female. (A) Lateral view of live female. (B) and (C) Posterior processes of opercular bars, opercular bars and orificial knob, showing variation in teeth number along the margin, lateral view. (D) and (E) Orificial knob, showing variation in teeth on surface, lateral view. (F) Opercular area observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), upper lateral view. (G) Posterior process of opercular bars under SEM, showing teeth and setae, upper lateral view. (H) Orificial knob under SEM, showing teeth and sparse setae, upper view. (I) Comb collar under SEM, showing plumose projections. (J) Enlarged view of cuticular projections of comb collar. (K) Rows of massive multifid scales on opercular region. (L) Mantle teeth on surface of orificial knob. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, ms— massive multifid scales, ob — opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221155/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Lateral surface of opercular area deep-orange when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FD74FD62FCB5D0F1" box="[728,794,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[221,1359,212,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1367,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, external morphology of female. (A) Lateral view of live female. (B) and (C) Posterior processes of opercular bars, opercular bars and orificial knob, showing variation in teeth number along the margin, lateral view. (D) and (E) Orificial knob, showing variation in teeth on surface, lateral view. (F) Opercular area observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), upper lateral view. (G) Posterior process of opercular bars under SEM, showing teeth and setae, upper lateral view. (H) Orificial knob under SEM, showing teeth and sparse setae, upper view. (I) Comb collar under SEM, showing plumose projections. (J) Enlarged view of cuticular projections of comb collar. (K) Rows of massive multifid scales on opercular region. (L) Mantle teeth on surface of orificial knob. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, ms— massive multifid scales, ob — opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221155/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), color off-white in ethanol, covered with sparse setae and massive multifid scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FE44FD49FD83D115" box="[488,556,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[221,1359,212,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1367,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, external morphology of female. (A) Lateral view of live female. (B) and (C) Posterior processes of opercular bars, opercular bars and orificial knob, showing variation in teeth number along the margin, lateral view. (D) and (E) Orificial knob, showing variation in teeth on surface, lateral view. (F) Opercular area observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), upper lateral view. (G) Posterior process of opercular bars under SEM, showing teeth and setae, upper lateral view. (H) Orificial knob under SEM, showing teeth and sparse setae, upper view. (I) Comb collar under SEM, showing plumose projections. (J) Enlarged view of cuticular projections of comb collar. (K) Rows of massive multifid scales on opercular region. (L) Mantle teeth on surface of orificial knob. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, ms— massive multifid scales, ob — opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221155/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K), lateral bars feeble. Orificial knob distinct, globular-shaped, surface with setae and curved, simple or bifid teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FDE2FCAAFD3DD139" box="[590,658,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 3D, E, H, L). Attachment disc (removed in preparation) composed of several layers of striated cuticle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB620510FF6BFCD2FA87D60E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
Terminal cirri consisting of 4 pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FDD8FCD2FD14D181" box="[628,699,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[191,1420,217,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1428,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, terminal cirri and caudal appendages of female. (A) Posterior end of thorax with bases of terminal cirri and caudal appendages. (B) and (C) Caudal appendages, 2 - segmented, without pedestal. (D) Terminal cirri and caudal appendages under scanning electron microscope (SEM), rear view. (E) and (F) Caudal appendages under SEM. (G) Rear view of terminal cirri under SEM. Abbreviations: ca — caudal appendages, tc 1 - 4 — terminal cirri, th — thorax. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), orange color when alive, white when preserved in ethanol; anterior surfaces of annuli of terminal cirri armed with 2 pairs of plumose setae, posterior surfaces with sparse serrated setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FEE8FC1AFE25D1C9" box="[324,394,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[191,1420,217,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[180,1428,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, terminal cirri and caudal appendages of female. (A) Posterior end of thorax with bases of terminal cirri and caudal appendages. (B) and (C) Caudal appendages, 2 - segmented, without pedestal. (D) Terminal cirri and caudal appendages under scanning electron microscope (SEM), rear view. (E) and (F) Caudal appendages under SEM. (G) Rear view of terminal cirri under SEM. Abbreviations: ca — caudal appendages, tc 1 - 4 — terminal cirri, th — thorax. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D, G). Caudal appendages 2-segmented, pedestal absent, basal segment with simple distal seta, terminal segment with 4 distal plumose setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FCAEFC61FCE6D1ED" box="[770,841,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[188,1381,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1382,195,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Syntype of Balanodytes taiwanus at Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan. (B) Jar of the syntypes contains the base of a Megabalanus where found Balanodytes were removed, and a vial contained two dissected syntypes of B. taiwanus. (C) Opercular region of syntype of B. taiwanus with opercular bars and orificial knob magnified in (D) and posterior process magnified in (E). (F) A pairs of caudal appendages (ca, magnified in “ G ”) were observed at the last pair of terminal cirri (tc). Abbreviations: ca— caudal appendages, tc — terminal cirri. Scale bars in Μm, except B in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G, 4B, C, E, F). Mouth cirri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FB79FC61FAB3D1ED" box="[1237,1308,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[216,1357,211,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[212,1364,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Sampling locations in Taiwan. (B) Burrow openings of Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, from various substrates. (C) Balanodytes taiwanus, female, general view. (D) Balanodytes taiwanus, mouth cirrus. Abbreviations: cc — comb collar, tc— terminal cirri, ob— opercular bar, obp — posterior process of opercular bar, ok — orificial knob. Scale bars (except on ‘ B’) in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with 4- segmented posterior ramus shorter than 4-segmented anterior ramus, both rami with long plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB620510FF6BFBA9FABCD6C4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
Labrum saddle-like, with small, fine, blunt teeth on anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FC46FBA9FB80D634" box="[1002,1071,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,203,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[166,1410,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, mouth parts of female. (A) Maxillae. (B) Mandible. (C) Maxillule. (D) Mandibular palp. (E) Labrum. (F) Enlarged view distal edge of labrum from rectangle area on “ E ” showing fine teeth. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F). Mandible with 3 teeth in upper two-thirds, lower one-third with row of 4 sharp denticles, inferior angle with sparse setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FA9CFB8AFAD5D659" box="[1328,1402,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,203,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[166,1410,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, mouth parts of female. (A) Maxillae. (B) Mandible. (C) Maxillule. (D) Mandibular palp. (E) Labrum. (F) Enlarged view distal edge of labrum from rectangle area on “ E ” showing fine teeth. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Mandibular palp trapezoid, simple setae distally along exterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FC70FBD1FB8CD67C" box="[988,1059,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,203,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[166,1410,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, mouth parts of female. (A) Maxillae. (B) Mandible. (C) Maxillule. (D) Mandibular palp. (E) Labrum. (F) Enlarged view distal edge of labrum from rectangle area on “ E ” showing fine teeth. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Maxillule with 2 long upper cuspidate setae, notch with short sharp seta, lower two-thirds of cutting edge with numerous short sharp setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FAC3FB32FF0AD6C4" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,203,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[166,1410,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, mouth parts of female. (A) Maxillae. (B) Mandible. (C) Maxillule. (D) Mandibular palp. (E) Labrum. (F) Enlarged view distal edge of labrum from rectangle area on “ E ” showing fine teeth. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Maxilla triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A45EB620510FE05FB19FE44D6C4" box="[425,491,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,203,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[166,1410,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Balanodytes taiwanus Utinomi, 1950, mouth parts of female. (A) Maxillae. (B) Mandible. (C) Maxillule. (D) Mandibular palp. (E) Labrum. (F) Enlarged view distal edge of labrum from rectangle area on “ E ” showing fine teeth. Scale bars in Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A), long, dense setae on exterior margin, sparse setae at inferior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB620510FF6BFB7AFADDD731" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FF6BFB7AFDA4D6E9" bold="true" box="[199,523,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widespread:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FD1DFB7AFCB3D6E9" box="[689,796,1231,1256]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FC81FB7AFC07D6E9" box="[813,936,1231,1256]" name="Seychelles" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Red Sea, Aden and Persian Gulf,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FAF9FB65FA37D6E6" box="[1365,1432,1232,1255]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FF3BFB41FF56D70C" box="[151,249,1268,1293]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Java, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FE2FFB41FE78D70C" box="[387,471,1268,1293]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern, eastern and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FCEFFB41FC02D70C" box="[835,941,1268,1293]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FC15FB41FBA1D70C" box="[953,1038,1268,1293]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FBB6FB41FB2FD70C" box="[1050,1152,1268,1293]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FB21FB41FAA1D70C" box="[1165,1294,1268,1293]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hawaii and San-Felix (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FEBFFAA2FEFAD731" box="[275,341,1303,1328]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
), from tidal to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B25EB620510FE57FAADFDEDD72E" box="[507,578,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (Tomlinson 1969; Kolbasov 2009; Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FBF7FAACFB23D731" box="[1115,1164,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990; Poore 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315654BEB62051EFF6BFA89FB47D365" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB620510FF6BFA89FDA5D499" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FF6BFA89FE94D754" bold="true" box="[199,315,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the present study, we have re-examined one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48862EB620510FC07FA88FBA2D754" box="[939,1037,1341,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FB9AFA89FA81D755" box="[1078,1326,1340,1365]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FB9AFA89FA81D755" box="[1078,1326,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Balanodytes taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(note the second
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48862EB620510FF47FAD4FEEDD778" box="[235,322,1377,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
had only the opercular bar left), revealing that this species has a pair of caudal appendages (without pedestal). Thus, the redescription by Utinomi (1950a) stating that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FCD9FA30FC56D79D" box="[885,1017,1413,1436]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FCD9FA30FC56D79D" box="[885,1017,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks caudal appendages is incorrect. This is further supported by additional collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FCBCFA12FBA4D7C1" box="[784,1035,1447,1472]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FCBCFA12FBA4D7C1" box="[784,1035,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Balanodytes taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from various locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FAE6FA12FA33D7C1" box="[1354,1436,1447,1472]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(including Siaoliouciou
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FE07FA79FE5DD7E4" box="[427,498,1484,1509]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is very close to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48862EB620510FC9BFA78FCC8D7E4" box="[823,871,1485,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at Kaoshiung,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FBD4FA79FB60D7E4" box="[1144,1231,1484,1509]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FABDFA79FA34D7E4" box="[1297,1435,1484,1509]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FABDFA79FA34D7E4" box="[1297,1435,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected in the present study have four pairs of terminal cirri and a pair of caudal appendages. The presence of caudal appendages was also observed in a very small juvenile specimen (CEL-Acro-RYU-03), suggesting that the caudal appendages are present during ontogenetic development. The definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FABDF982FA34D451" box="[1297,1435,1591,1616]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FABDF982FA34D451" box="[1297,1435,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, therefore, emended as “lithoglytid species having four pairs of terminal cirri and with a pair of caudal appendages (without pedestals)”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036C0EB62051EFF6BF911FB47D365" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
Kolbasov (2000a) originally described
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FD3CF911FC1AD4BC" box="[656,949,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FD3CF911FC1ED4BC" box="[656,945,1700,1725]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balanodytes">Lithoglyptes balanodytes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Kolbasov & Newman (2005) placed this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FEB0F972FE10D4E1" box="[284,447,1735,1760]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Armatoglyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FEB0F972FE10D4E1" box="[284,447,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Armatoglyptes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, herein treated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FC16F972FBE3D4E1" box="[954,1100,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FC16F972FBE7D4E1" box="[954,1096,1735,1760]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Balanodytes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Newman (2011) treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FA28F97CFEB1D504" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balanodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FA28F97CFEB1D504" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FD9CF958FD1BD505" box="[560,692,1773,1796]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FD9CF958FD1BD505" box="[560,692,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, followed by Poore (2012). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FBCBF958FAA1D504" box="[1127,1294,1772,1797]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balanodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FBCBF958FAA1D504" box="[1127,1294,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FF3BF8A4FEB4D529" box="[151,283,1809,1832]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FF3BF8A4FEB4D529" box="[151,283,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having recurved (hooked posteriorly) posterior projections of the opercular bars in the adult female (decurved – hooked anteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FDA7F880FD21D54D" box="[523,654,1845,1868]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FDA7F880FD21D54D" box="[523,654,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by the absence of a distinct and armed orificial knob, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FA28F880FF53D571" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FA28F880FF53D571" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a number of curved teeth and setae on its distinct orificial knob. Therefore, we follow Kolbasov (2000a) and conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FE65F8C8FDDED594" box="[457,625,1916,1941]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balanodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FE65F8C8FDDED594" box="[457,625,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FC02F8C8FB9AD595" box="[942,1077,1917,1940]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FC02F8C8FB9AD595" box="[942,1077,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Tomlinson (1969) recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB620510FA28F8C8FF53D5B9" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB620510FA28F8C8FF53D5B9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FEC5F815FD8AD5B8" box="[361,549,1952,1977]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FD9CF815FDF8D5B8" box="[560,599,1952,1977]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (a fungi-damaged specimen) and described this species as having four pairs of terminal cirri but no caudal appendages. We have contacted the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187650EB620510FC5AF871FB23D5DD" box="[1014,1164,1988,2013]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Museum and confirmed Tomlinson had not deposited his material. We follow the suggestion in Kolbasov (2000a) that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFA28FF2CFF53D2D5" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFA28FF2CFF53D2D5" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">B. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identified by Tomlinson (1969) should be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFD41FF09FB6AD2D5" authority="Kolbasov, 2000" authorityName="Kolbasov" authorityYear="2000" box="[749,1221,188,213]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balanodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFD41FF09FBA7D2D4" box="[749,1032,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Lithoglyptes balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
Kolbasov, 2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFABDFF09FEB1D2F9" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balanodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFABDFF09FEB1D2F9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Balanodytes balanodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and that the absence of caudal appendages in Tomlinson’s specimen might be a result of the specimen being damaged by fungi. Specimens described by Tomlinson (1963) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFC12FEB1FB2DD31C" box="[958,1154,260,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Kochlorine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFC12FEB1FB2DD31C" box="[958,1154,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Kochlorine habei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFABDFEB1FE1FD341" authority="Tomlinson 1969" authorityName="Tomlinson" authorityYear="1969" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Lithoglyptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFABDFEB1FF7AD341" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Lithoglyptes habei</emphasis>
|
||
(Tomlinson 1969)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other subsequent descriptions of this species (Kolbasov 2009), correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFA28FE9DFF53D365" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFA28FE9DFF53D365" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">A. taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFE2AFEF9FDC1D364" box="[390,622,332,357]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Armatoglyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFE2AFEF9FDC1D364" box="[390,622,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Armatoglyptes habei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is treated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D43EB6C051EFC46FEF9FB4ED365" box="[1002,1249,332,357]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lithoglyptidae" genus="Balanodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pygophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAD2EB6C051EFC46FEF9FB4ED365" box="[1002,1249,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Balanodytes taiwanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |