196 lines
17 KiB
XML
196 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFFAFFFD1641F70EFAD4F74E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Vampyressa pusilla" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="560" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="559" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFFAFFFD1641F70EFAD4F74E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFFAFFFD1641F70EFAD4F74E" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<subSubSection box="[1405,1485,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1401,2582,2228,2357]" box="[1405,1485,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[1405,1485,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<figureCitation box="[1405,1485,2228,2278]" captionStart="Plate 42: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="69.[132,162,3301,3326]" captionTargetBox="[19,2765,12,3653]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="143. Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma tmprovisum), 144. Little Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma trinitatum), 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma salvini), 146. Hairy Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma villosum), 147. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma doriae), 148. Vizotto’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma vizottoi), 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus bidens), 150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus brocki), 151. Striped Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus nymphaea), 152. Baker’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bakeri), 153. Common Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bilobatum), 154. Pacific Tent-making Bat (Uroderma convexum), 155. Davis’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma dauvisi), 156. Brown Tent-making Bat (Uroderma magnirostrum), 157. Kalko’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa elisabethae), 158. Melissa’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa melissa), 159. Quechuan Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa sinchi), 160. Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa thyone), 161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa pusilla), 162. MacConnell’s Bat (Mesophylla macconnelli), 163. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes caraccioli), 164. Great Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes major)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459035/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">161.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1503,2177,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1401,2582,2228,2357]" box="[1503,2177,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[1503,2177,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<vernacularName box="[1503,2177,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2251,2582,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1401,2582,2228,2357]" box="[2251,2582,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[2251,2582,2228,2278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[2251,2582,2228,2278]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
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<emphasis box="[2251,2582,2228,2278]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Vampyressa pusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1401,2582,2228,2357]" box="[1402,2459,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[1402,2459,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,1477,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1487,1671,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Petite Vampyresse</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1692,1783,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1792,2143,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Sidliche Kleine Gelbohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2164,2255,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2262,2365,2296,2317]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Vampiresa</vernacularName>
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pequena
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1401,2582,2228,2357]" box="[1401,1920,2336,2357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[1401,1920,2336,2357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1649,2336,2357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1658,1920,2336,2357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Southern Yellow-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2014,2608,2402,2831]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2014,2170,2402,2435]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Wagner, 1843" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillum">Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner, 1843</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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“Sapitiva [= Sepetiba],” Rio de]Janeiro,
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<collectingCountry box="[2108,2190,2490,2515]" name="Brazil" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2014,2608,2402,2831]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<taxonomicName box="[2019,2277,2521,2554]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">Vampyressa pusilla</taxonomicName>
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previously included V.
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<taxonomicName box="[2051,2130,2569,2594]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyone">thyone</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies, but B. K. Lim and collaborators in 2003 confirmed that they are distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458924/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" targetBox="[1399,1990,2416,2830]" targetPageId="75">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2014,2608,2402,2831]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2014,2191,2687,2712]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE & S
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<collectingCountry box="[2344,2426,2687,2712]" name="Brazil" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, adjacent E
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<collectingCountry box="[2015,2141,2723,2752]" name="Paraguay" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, and NE
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<collectingCountry box="[2272,2416,2723,2752]" name="Argentina" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2014,2608,2402,2831]" lastBlockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2014,2263,2758,2791]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 53-54 mm (tailless), ear 14-15 mm, hindfoot 9-10 mm, forearm 29-37 mm; weight 11-15 g. The Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat is very small, among the smallest in the family. Dorsum is pale brownish, with tricolored hairs featuring slightly paler median band and no longitudinal white vertebral line. In Paraguayan specimens, tips of dorsal hairs are reddish brown, bases are brown, and central parts are creamy white. Pair of moderately conspicuous white facial stripes occurs on head: stripe above eyes extends back to between ears, and stripe below extends to bases of ears. Fur between bands can appearslightly darker (especially around eyes), sometimes giving vaguely masked appearance. Ventral hairs are unicolored, light brown to buffy. Noseleaf is uniformly yellowish brown and conspicuously long and spearshaped. Ears are fairly large, rounded, and obtusely pointed at tips. Theyare blackish, with bright yellowish borders and tragus and typically yellowish area around ear canals. Uropatagium is very narrow, with posterior edge almost naked except lightly furred central part. Calcar is very short. Forearms, fingers, and thumbs are brown. Skull has short, broad rostrum, and postorbital processes are well developed. Upper incisors are well separated, with I' twice the size of I*. Cutting edges of I' are not bifid. Canine is normal, with well-developed cingulum posteriorly and almost contacting anterior surface of P°. P° is one-half the size of P* and has a single cusp. P* is separated from P?. Labial cusps of upper molarsare elevated to form cutting edge, and lingual cusps extend labially forming a platform. Lower incisors are subequal and bifid and fill space between canines. P, is smaller than P,, but both have single cusp. M, has well-developed protoconid and hypoconid; paraconid and entoconid of M, are more developed than on labial cusps. M,is absent. Dental formula is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/2 (
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<date box="[552,585,472,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">x2</date>
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) = 28. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 20 and FN = 36.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,291,516,541]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Well-conserved semideciduous Atlantic Forest, semi-humid areas in cerrado, and gallery forests and forested cordilleras in the Pantanal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,445,587,620]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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In south-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[698,780,587,620]" name="Brazil" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, feces of Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats containing
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<taxonomicName box="[343,410,626,659]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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sp. seeds were found in association with feeding tents close to food sources. It might be a fig specialist as is its sister species, the Northern Little Yelloweared Bat (V.
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<taxonomicName box="[374,460,704,737]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyone">thyone</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,314,744,777]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats were recorded in January—February, June, and October, suggesting bimodal polyestry.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,412,823,856]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats are usually caught in nets set across streams, and they prefer to fly in forest subcanopies rather than understories. They make tents from
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<taxonomicName box="[428,551,906,935]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heliconia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[575,783,906,935]" family="Heliconiaceae" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName box="[813,896,906,935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Simira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Simira</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[920,1073,906,935]" family="Rubiaceae" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName box="[1101,1271,906,935]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Philodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Philodendron</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Araceae" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
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), and palms, with a maximum offive tents found in a single plant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,891,989,1014]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Because of the small size of tents, only 1-3 Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats occupied them.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,532,1060,1093]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Information on extent of occurrence, threats, and ecological requirements of the Southern Little Yellow-eared Batis limited, and additional research is needed to clarify conservation status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[178,1386,271,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,332,1225,1250]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Arroyo-Cabrales (2008b), Baker et al. (1973), Gardner (1977b), Lewis & Wilson (1987), Lim, B.K.,
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<collectingRegion box="[180,240,1265,1290]" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Peter" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Pedro</collectingRegion>
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& Passos (2003), Longo et al. (2007), Myers et al. (1983),
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<collectingRegion box="[884,944,1265,1290]" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Peter" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Pedro</collectingRegion>
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et al. (1997), Zortéa & Brito (2000).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |