233 lines
20 KiB
XML
233 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFFAFFFA13BDF4E2F80FFA2B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Vampyressa thyone Thomas 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="559" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="559" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFFAFFFA13BDF4E2F80FFA2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFFAFFFA13BDF4E2F80FFA2B" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<subSubSection box="[129,208,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[124,1301,2904,2993]" box="[129,208,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[129,208,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<figureCitation box="[129,208,2904,2950]" captionStart="Plate 42: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="69.[132,162,3301,3326]" captionTargetBox="[19,2765,12,3653]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="143. Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma tmprovisum), 144. Little Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma trinitatum), 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma salvini), 146. Hairy Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma villosum), 147. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma doriae), 148. Vizotto’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma vizottoi), 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus bidens), 150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus brocki), 151. Striped Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus nymphaea), 152. Baker’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bakeri), 153. Common Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bilobatum), 154. Pacific Tent-making Bat (Uroderma convexum), 155. Davis’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma dauvisi), 156. Brown Tent-making Bat (Uroderma magnirostrum), 157. Kalko’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa elisabethae), 158. Melissa’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa melissa), 159. Quechuan Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa sinchi), 160. Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa thyone), 161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa pusilla), 162. MacConnell’s Bat (Mesophylla macconnelli), 163. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes caraccioli), 164. Great Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes major)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459035/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">160.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[225,903,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[124,1301,2904,2993]" box="[225,903,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[225,903,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<vernacularName box="[225,903,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[977,1300,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[124,1301,2904,2993]" box="[977,1300,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[977,1300,2904,2950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[977,1300,2904,2950]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyone">
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<emphasis box="[977,1300,2904,2950]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Vampyressa thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[126,1218,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[124,1301,2904,2993]" box="[126,1218,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<heading box="[126,1218,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,201,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[207,405,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Vampyresse thyoné</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[426,516,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[527,886,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Nordliche Kleine Gelbohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[908,999,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1006,1218,2967,2988]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Vampiresa de Thyone</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[739,1331,3038,3462]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,894,3038,3067]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyone">Vampyressa thyone Thomas, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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“Chimbo, near Guayaquil [Bolivar],
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<collectingCountry box="[739,857,3117,3146]" name="Ecuador" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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. Alt. 1000° [=
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<quantity box="[1056,1149,3117,3146]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" unit="m" value="305.0">305 m</quantity>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[739,1331,3038,3462]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<taxonomicName box="[743,994,3153,3186]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyone">Vampyressa thyone</taxonomicName>
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was associated with V.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="P. Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[777,869,3192,3225]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">minuta</taxonomicName>
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by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1912 (from
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<collectingCountry box="[740,853,3232,3265]" name="Panama" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Panama</collectingCountry>
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) and V. venilla by O. Thomas in 1924 (from northern
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<collectingCountry box="[1068,1139,3275,3304]" name="Peru" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Peru</collectingCountry>
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); however, it more commonly has been treated as a synonym or subspecies of V.
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<taxonomicName box="[1093,1182,3350,3383]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">pusilla</taxonomicName>
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. B. K. Lim and collaborators in 2003 confirmed that it is a distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458922/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" targetBox="[124,715,3045,3459]" targetPageId="75">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1576,271,304]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From S
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<collectingCountry box="[1699,1801,271,304]" name="Mexico" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1824,1951,271,304]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1967,2073,271,304]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[2088,2202,271,304]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[2281,2393,271,304]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
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) through Central America (except dry Pacific slope and
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<collectingRegion box="[2017,2128,310,343]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
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Peninsula) to W
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<collectingCountry box="[2387,2526,310,343]" name="Colombia" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Venezuela" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1510,1618,358,383]" name="Guyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1636,1852,358,383]" name="French Guiana" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry box="[1976,2094,358,383]" name="Ecuador" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and through the Amazon Basin of
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<collectingCountry box="[1401,1540,393,422]" name="Colombia" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1554,1701,393,422]" name="Venezuela" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, N & W
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<collectingCountry box="[1821,1903,393,422]" name="Brazil" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1918,2036,393,422]" name="Ecuador" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2053,2120,393,422]" name="Peru" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2199,2296,393,422]" name="Bolivia" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1648,428,461]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 43-52 mm (tailless), ear 11-15 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm, forearm 29-34 mm; weight 6-10 g. The Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat is very small, among the smallest in the family. Dorsal pelage is pale brown; hairs are tricolored, with brown bases, central portion creamy-white, and paler tips. There is no median back stripe. Facial stripes are indistinct, most often looking like small paler spots above and below eyes. Tragus, entire base of ear, and upper edges of ears are yellow; noseleafis mostly brown, with yellow edges. Uropatagium is short, with light fringe of yellowish hairs along middle posterior border. Legs and feet are sparsely haired. Forearms, fingers, and thumbs are brown. Skull has short, broad rostrum, and postorbital processes are weakly developed. I? are elongated and roughly evenly bilobate, converging distally but not in contact at tips, and more than twice as high as I*. Upper molars are broader than long; lower incisors are small, completely filling space between canines, and their cutting edges are faintly trilobate. P® is one-half or less the size of P*, and the latteris triangular, with well-developed cingulum. M, is quadrate-shaped, with large protoconid and small hypoconid. M, has large metaconid and blade-like entoconid of about the same length as metaconid. M, is absent. Dental formula is
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<date box="[2314,2356,1025,1054]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">I 2</date>
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/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 2/2 (
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<date box="[1512,1546,1059,1092]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">x2</date>
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) = 28. There are three chromosomal complements: 2n = 18 and FN =
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<quantity box="[2538,2605,1059,1092]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
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<collectingCountry box="[1401,1542,1104,1133]" name="Honduras" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1617,1762,1104,1133]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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; 2n = 23/24 and FN =
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<quantity box="[2092,2160,1104,1133]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
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<collectingCountry box="[2173,2311,1104,1133]" name="Colombia" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and 2n = 22/23 and FN =
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<quantity box="[1481,1552,1147,1172]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
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northern
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<collectingCountry box="[1703,1770,1147,1172]" name="Peru" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, with a sex-chromosome system XXXXXX.Y, with the Y-chromosome translocated to the autosomes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1512,1218,1251]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mostly well-preserved humid forests and also disturbed secondary forests, rarely croplands, modified habitats, and dry habitats at elevations up to
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||
<quantity box="[2414,2514,1257,1290]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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||
(most commonly below
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||
<quantity box="[1651,1742,1296,1329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1665,1340,1369]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Fruits in diets of Northern Little Yellow-eared Bats include a high proportion of
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<taxonomicName box="[1601,1668,1375,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[1751,1891,1375,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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) and other small fruits; it qualifies as a fig specialist in
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<collectingCountry box="[1438,1553,1415,1448]" name="Panama" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. Samples from
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<collectingCountry box="[1770,1916,1415,1448]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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showed a cultivated fruit-bearing tree as a source of food. Most stomach contents had fruit pulp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1536,1498,1527]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Northern Little Yellow-eared Bats reproduce twice a year, with young born late in dry season and middle of wet season. Pregnant and lactating females have been recorded year-round, suggesting bimodal polyestry.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1636,1617,1646]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Greatest activity of Northern Little Yellow-eared Bats occurs during the first two hours after sunset, but they can be active throughout the night. They are usually caught in nets set across streams, preferring to fly in forest subcanopies rather than understories. Known roosting sites include bushes and tree branches. They make tents from
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<taxonomicName box="[1560,1730,1770,1803]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Philodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="75" pageNumber="559" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Philodendron</taxonomicName>
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and other aroids. Availability of suitable leaves to build tents could determine distribution and local abundance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,2121,1849,1882]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Roosting groups of Little Yelloweared Bats are composed of one to five individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1752,1928,1961]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat is not locally common, its distribution is very wide, diminishing potential threats to its overall population.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="559" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="75.[1398,2609,271,2162]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,1555,2055,2080]" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arroyo-Cabrales (2008b), Baker et al. (1973), Bonaccorso (1979), Davis & Dixon (1976), Gardner (1977a, 1977b), Gomes et al. (2016), Miller (1912), Lewis & Wilson (1987), Lim, B.K.,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2348,2408,2095,2120]" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Peter" pageId="75" pageNumber="559">Pedro</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Passos (2003), Reid (2009), Thomas (1924a), Timm (1984), Wilson (1979).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |