227 lines
20 KiB
XML
227 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFEEFFD116A2F8F3FE77F132" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Artibeus glaucus Thomas 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="580" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762026" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFEEFFD116A2F8F3FE77F132" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFEEFFD116A2F8F3FE77F132" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<subSubSection box="[1438,1520,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1435,2373,1865,1994]" box="[1438,1520,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<heading box="[1438,1520,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<figureCitation box="[1438,1520,1865,1915]" captionStart="Plate 44: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="87.[142,171,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,16,3658]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459039/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">208.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1537,2009,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1435,2373,1865,1994]" box="[1537,2009,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<heading box="[1537,2009,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<vernacularName box="[1537,2009,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Silvery Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2058,2372,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1435,2373,1865,1994]" box="[2058,2372,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<heading box="[2058,2372,1865,1915]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" box="[2058,2372,1865,1915]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">
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<emphasis box="[2058,2372,1865,1915]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Artibeus glaucus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1435,2373,1865,1994]" box="[1437,2359,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<heading box="[1437,2359,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1513,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1522,1749,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Dermanure de Thomas</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1770,1861,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1870,2051,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Silberfruchtvampir</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2072,2163,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2171,2359,1932,1953]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Artibeo de Thomas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1435,2373,1865,1994]" box="[1436,1961,1971,1992]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<heading box="[1436,1961,1971,1992]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1436,1684,1971,1992]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1693,1961,1971,1992]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Silver Little Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[2049,2642,2042,2467]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2049,2204,2042,2071]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" box="[2215,2635,2042,2071]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">Artibeus glaucus Thomas, 1893</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation box="[2050,2568,2078,2111]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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“Chanchamayo,”
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<collectingRegion box="[2289,2373,2078,2111]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Junin</collectingRegion>
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, central
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<collectingCountry box="[2497,2564,2078,2111]" name="Peru" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[2049,2642,2042,2467]" lastBlockId="95.[1434,2645,2473,3492]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<taxonomicName box="[2049,2272,2117,2150]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">Artibeus glaucus</taxonomicName>
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1s placed in
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<taxonomicName box="[2494,2641,2117,2150]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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by some authors but was reassigned to
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<taxonomicName box="[2049,2155,2196,2229]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
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(subgenus
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<taxonomicName box="[2325,2474,2196,2229]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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) according to reinterpretation of molecular results. C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1987 suggested that
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<taxonomicName box="[2049,2190,2315,2348]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">A. pumilio</taxonomicName>
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named by O. Thomas in 1924 could be a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName box="[2494,2635,2355,2388]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">A. glaucus</taxonomicName>
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, but that assignation is dubious. In its broadest definition,
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<taxonomicName box="[2368,2521,2434,2467]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">A. glaucus</taxonomicName>
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included
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<taxonomicName box="[1483,1651,2473,2506]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">A. bogotensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1670,1811,2473,2506]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni">A. watsoni</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[1897,2039,2473,2506]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gnomus">A. gnomus</taxonomicName>
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as subspecies, but molecular phylogenies showed to be a distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6459011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459011/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" startId="95.[1436,1608,2560,2585]" targetBox="[1434,2026,2045,2461]" targetPageId="95">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1434,2645,2473,3492]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1436,1611,2560,2585]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E
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<collectingCountry box="[1660,1799,2560,2585]" name="Colombia" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[1851,1969,2560,2585]" name="Ecuador" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[2021,2088,2560,2585]" name="Peru" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and N & C
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<collectingCountry box="[2282,2378,2560,2585]" name="Bolivia" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. Records from SE
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<collectingCountry box="[1434,1579,2591,2624]" name="Venezuela" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and N
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<collectingCountry box="[1703,1782,2591,2624]" name="Brazil" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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most probably correspond to the Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (A.
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<taxonomicName box="[1490,1620,2630,2663]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">bogotensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1434,2645,2473,3492]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1436,1679,2674,2703]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 43-62 mm (tailless), ear 12-17 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 37-42 mm; weight 10-14 g. The Silvery Fruiteating Bat has medium gray to brownish gray dorsal pelage, and hairs are faintly tricolored (very pale basal band followed by medium to dark gray band and lightersilvery tip). Ventral fur is medium gray. Facial stripes are whitish and broad but never bright. Noseleaf is blackish and well developed; ears are rather short and broad, rounded above; and basal edges of noseleaf and ears lack traces of pale cream or whitish tinge. Dorsal base of forearm is covered by dense, long, and smooth hair. Wing membrane attaches to base of outer toe. Dorsal surface of leg is finely covered with long pale brown hairs. Uropatagium is dark gray or almost blackish, and broad, with dorsal surface slightly haired;it is deeply emarginated; and calcar is short. Cranially, supraorbital region inflated, resulting in short rostrum. Dental formula is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/3 (
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<date box="[1817,1850,3108,3137]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">x2</date>
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) = 30. I' are distinctly bilobated. M?is usually present, and its absence is rare among local populations. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 56, with Y, and Y, chromosome system (X-autosome fusion).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1434,2645,2473,3492]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1546,3223,3256]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wide variety of habitats including montane mature forests, primary lowland rainforests, lowland temperate forests, tropical and subtropical humid forests, secondary abandoned crop fields, and logged forests at elevations of 360-2600 m (most often below
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||
<quantity box="[1530,1635,3345,3374]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="579" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="95.[1434,2645,2473,3492]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1710,3380,3413]" pageId="95" pageNumber="579">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Silvery Fruit-eating Bat is considered a functional foliage gleaner because it feeds on fruits in the forest canopy, usually figs (
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<taxonomicName box="[2376,2445,3420,3453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
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||
<taxonomicName box="[1555,1659,3463,3492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1728,1886,3463,3492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="95" pageNumber="579" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1388,301,887]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,315,301,334]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The Silvery Fruit-eating Bat has a bimodal polyestrous reproductive pattern. Pregnant or lactating females have been found in January—August and October—December in
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<collectingCountry box="[333,450,380,413]" name="Ecuador" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
, and pregnancy was recorded in June-August in
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<collectingCountry box="[1143,1210,380,413]" name="Peru" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1388,301,887]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,413,419,452]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Silvery Fruit-eating Bat has been found roosting under cut leaves of
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<taxonomicName box="[219,376,463,492]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Xanthosoma</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[397,512,463,492]" family="Araceae" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
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) in
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<collectingCountry box="[572,690,463,492]" name="Ecuador" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1388,301,887]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,903,498,531]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Mean relative abundance ofthe Silvery Fruit-eating Bat was 0-78 individuals per
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<quantity box="[841,942,538,571]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="m" value="4500.0">4500 m</quantity>
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||
of linearriverine tropical forest in south-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[415,483,577,610]" name="Peru" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1388,301,887]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,531,621,650]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glauca">Dermanura glauca</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Silvery Fruit-eating Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1388,301,887]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,334,747,768]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Albuja (1999), Andersen (1908c), Davis (1969), Gardner (1977a), Graham (1987), Handley (1987), Hershkovitz (1949), Koopman (1978), Lim, Engstrom, Patton & Bickham (2008), Marques-Aguiar (2008a), Ortega et al. (2015),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[354,450,822,847]" country="Antigua and Barbuda" name="Redonda" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Redondo</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2008), Solari, Hoofer et al. (2009), Solari, Pacheco et al. (2006), Thomas (1893b, 1924a), Timm (1987).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |