244 lines
23 KiB
XML
244 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFD1FFD0168FF6A5FBCDF4F3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ardops nichollsi" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="581" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="580" updateTime="1657118375880" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFD1FFD0168FF6A5FBCDF4F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFD1FFD0168FF6A5FBCDF4F3" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<subSubSection box="[1459,1541,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1456,2427,2335,2464]" box="[1459,1541,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[1459,1541,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<figureCitation box="[1459,1541,2335,2385]" captionStart="Plate 44: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="87.[142,171,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,16,3658]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459039/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">211.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1558,1734,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1456,2427,2335,2464]" box="[1558,1734,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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||
<heading box="[1558,1734,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<vernacularName box="[1558,1734,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Tree Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1802,2083,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1456,2427,2335,2464]" box="[1802,2083,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[1802,2083,2335,2385]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1802,2083,2335,2385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichollsi">
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<emphasis box="[1802,2083,2335,2385]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Ardops nichollsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1456,2427,2335,2464]" box="[1458,2426,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[1458,2426,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1534,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1541,1812,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Ardops des Petites Antilles</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1833,1924,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1933,2102,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Baumfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2124,2215,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2223,2426,2403,2424]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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Ardops de
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<collectingCountry box="[2334,2426,2403,2424]" name="Dominica" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1456,2427,2335,2464]" box="[1458,1960,2443,2464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[1458,1960,2443,2464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1705,2443,2464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1715,1960,2443,2464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Lesser Antillean Tree Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[2069,2663,2512,2937]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2070,2222,2512,2541]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1891" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Stenoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mnichollsi">Stenoderma mnichollsi Thomas, 1891</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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“Island of
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<collectingCountry box="[2319,2454,2552,2581]" name="Dominica" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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[Lesser Antilles], West Indies.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[2069,2663,2512,2937]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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Several subspecies of
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<taxonomicName box="[2369,2512,2627,2660]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichollsi">A. nichollsi</taxonomicName>
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have been described and are distributed in 13 Lesser Antilles islands; subspecies annectens named by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 (from
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<collectingCountry name="Guadeloupe" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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and Marie-Galante) was recently synonymized with montserratensis. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption inLine="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" startId="96.[1458,1481,2952,2977]" targetBox="[1065,1069,1698,1719]" targetPageId="97">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[2069,2663,2512,2937]" box="[2071,2462,2904,2937]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2071,2462,2904,2937]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1457,2666,2952,3490]" box="[1458,2027,2952,2977]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Thomas, 1891" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1891" box="[1458,1831,2952,2977]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nichollsi" subSpecies="nicholls">A.n.nicholls:Thomas,1891—DominicaI.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1457,2666,2952,3490]" box="[1458,2253,2983,3016]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName authority="]. K. Jones & Schwartz, 1967" authorityName="]. K. Jones & Schwartz" authorityYear="1967" box="[1458,2041,2983,3016]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nichollsi" subSpecies="koopmani">A.n.koopmani].K.Jones&Schwartz,1967—MartiniqueI.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1457,2666,2952,3490]" box="[1458,2020,3031,3056]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1902" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1458,1844,3031,3056]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nichollsi" subSpecies="luciae">A.n.luciaeG.S.Miller,1902—St.LuciaI.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1457,2666,2952,3490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1894" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1458,1927,3070,3095]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nichollsi" subSpecies="montserratensis">A.n.montserratensisThomas,1894—St.Martin,Saba,St.Eustatius,St.Kitts,Nevis,A.n.gua,Montserrat,Guadeloupe,andMarie-GalanteIs.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[1457,2666,2952,3490]" box="[1458,2468,3141,3174]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName authority="R. J. Larsen, Genoways & R. J. Baker, 2017" authorityName="R. J. Larsen, Genoways & R. J. Baker" authorityYear="2017" box="[1458,2261,3141,3174]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nichollsi" subSpecies="vincentensis">A. n. vincentensis R. J. Larsen, Genoways & R. J. Baker, 2017</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry box="[2294,2443,3141,3174]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
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I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="96.[1457,2666,2952,3490]" lastBlockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1706,3184,3213]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1896,2045,3184,3213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="63.5" valueMax="67.0" valueMin="60.0">60-67 mm</quantity>
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(males) and
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<quantity box="[2246,2394,3184,3213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="62.0">62-63 mm</quantity>
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(females), no tail, ear
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<quantity box="[1519,1666,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12-16 mm</quantity>
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(males) and
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<quantity box="[1872,2019,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13-18 mm</quantity>
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(females), hindfoot
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<quantity box="[2327,2474,3224,3253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12-13 mm</quantity>
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(males) and
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||
<quantity box="[1462,1608,3263,3292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12-14 mm</quantity>
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(females), forearm 42:-5—44-
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<quantity box="[2022,2104,3263,3292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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||
(males) and 44-9-48-
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<quantity box="[2424,2507,3263,3292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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(females); weight
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||
<date box="[1563,1670,3303,3332]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" value="2018-01-15">15-1-18</date>
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||
:
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||
<quantity box="[1675,1722,3303,3332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
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||
(males) and
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||
<date box="[1918,2047,3303,3332]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" value="2017-08-08" valueMax="2017-08-22" valueMin="2017-08-08">
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||
17-8-22-
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<quantity box="[2032,2047,3303,3332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="g" value="8.0">8</quantity>
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||
</date>
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||
g (females). Females are much larger than males. The Tree Bat is medium-sized. Pelage is long and overall pale brown and paler grayish beige underneath. Each hair is tricolored on dorsum, with darker brown base and tip and pale yellowish intermediate band. Dense hair covers proximal one-half of pinna. Ear pinna is pale, and part of internal pinna surface is pinkish yellowish. Inferior border of thickened horseshoe is V-shaped, and pad-like structure surrounds noseleaf. Dactylopatagium minusis broad, translucent, and remains permanently opened. Pair of pure white fur patches occurs on shoulders, and another pair on each side ofthe neck— a condition shared by all
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<taxonomicName box="[520,734,427,456]" pageId="97" pageNumber="583" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenodermatini">Stenodermatini</taxonomicName>
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bats. Dental formula is 1 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (
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<date box="[265,298,462,495]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">x2</date>
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) = 32. 1' is triangular, with crown that is roughly as high as it is wide, main cusp displaced mesially, and small lateral accessory cusps. There is posterolabial cusp on P,. M, lacks metaconid, and M”is small and peg-like. Rostrum is very shortened and broad. Nasals are arched and elevated above facial maxilla, sagittal crest is developed, and there is a wide U-shaped posterior border on hard palate, as in its sister genus
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<taxonomicName box="[1192,1282,620,653]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ariteus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariteus</taxonomicName>
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. Mesopterygoid fossa is narrow and deep. Variation of size of subspecies among the Lesser Antilles islands is not considered clinal, and subspecies have been recently redefined on the basis of size and molecular data. Subspecies montserratensis and
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<taxonomicName box="[1079,1180,738,771]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichollsi">nichollsi</taxonomicName>
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could not be distinguished by molecular data, but
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<taxonomicName box="[679,780,782,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichollsi">nichollsi</taxonomicName>
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is smaller; vincentensis is a smaller subspecies, followed by
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<taxonomicName box="[392,493,817,850]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichollsi">nichollsi</taxonomicName>
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. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 56.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,266,856,889]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Small patches of forest, including primary and secondary forests, montane rainforests, and scrubby forests; cacao grove; and recently mixed secondary, old evergreen forest (
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<collectingCountry box="[255,371,935,968]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Antigua</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[157,738,975,1008]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" box="[157,738,975,1008]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,413,975,1008]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Tree Bat eats fruit.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,289,1018,1047]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
A female Tree Bat from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[635,800,1018,1047]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
|
||
St.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[678,800,1018,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eustatius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eustatius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(montserrratensis) was pregnant in spring (
|
||
<quantity box="[170,269,1054,1087]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
fetal crown—rump length). One lactating female was caught in April, and five pregnant females with embryos in different stages of development were caught in March-April in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[384,519,1133,1166]" name="Dominica" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[544,654,1133,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ardops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichollsi">nichollsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A pregnant female was caught on
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1173,1239,1133,1166]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with an embryo having a crown—rump length of
|
||
<quantity box="[717,810,1172,1205]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
and weighing 25-9 g.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,384,1212,1245]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tree Bat roosts in trees and other types of arborescent vegetation, apparently moving only short distances to forage.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[873,1076,1251,1284]" family="Spinturnicidae" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" rank="family">Spinturnicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1155,1360,1251,1284]" family="Listrophoridae" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" rank="family">Listrophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
mites have been collected from subspecies nicholls:.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[156,1076,1330,1363]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" box="[156,1076,1330,1363]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[156,842,1330,1363]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,508,1370,1403]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Tree Bat is distributed on most Lesser Antilles islands and occurs in protected areas, but on several islands, habitats have been severely reduced. Fragmentation of forested habitats might impact viability of populations. Hurricanes and volcanic eruptions might cause severe impacts and population fluctuations for some island bat species such as the Tree Bat, with a slow recovery times.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="581" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[154,1365,310,1719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,310,1615,1640]" pageId="97" pageNumber="581">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen (1942), Baker (1979), Genoways, Larsen et al. (2007), Genoways, Pedersen et al. (2007), Greenbaum et al. (1975), Jones & Genoways (1973), Jones & Schwartz (1967), Larsen et al. (2017), Lindsay et al. (2010), Miller (1913c), Pedersen et al. (2013), Tavares (2008), Tavares et al. (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |