181 lines
15 KiB
XML
181 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFBDFFBC168CF69BFD5AF1E1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Diphylla ecaudata Spix 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="496" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6715201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6715201" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFBDFFBC168CF69BFD5AF1E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFBDFFBC168CF69BFD5AF1E1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<subSubSection box="[1456,1511,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1452,2460,2337,2429]" box="[1456,1511,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<heading box="[1456,1511,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<figureCitation box="[1456,1511,2337,2387]" captionStart="Plate 35: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="5.[140,170,3304,3329]" captionTargetBox="[27,2763,17,3651]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="1. Californian Leat-nosed Bat (Macrotus californicus), 2. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macrotus waterhousu), 3. Orange-throated Bat (Lampronycteris brachyotis), 4. Tiny Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris minuta), 5. Sanborn’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris sanborni), 6. Schmidts’ Big-eared Bat (Mucronycteris schmidtorum), 7. Yates’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycleris yaltest), 8. Hairy Big-eared Bat (Muicronycteris hirsuta), 9. Brosset’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris brosseti), 10. Giovanni's Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris giovanniae), 11. Matses Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris matses), 12. Litde Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris megalotis), 13. Common Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris microtis), 14. Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris buriri), 15. Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), 16. White-winged Vampire Bat (Diaemus youngii), 17. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (Diphylla ecaudata), 18. Common Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina aurita), 19. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina fernandez), 20. Uncommon Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina inusitata), 21. Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina orinocensis), 22. Chiribiquete Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina mankomara), 23. Marinkelle’s Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina marinkellei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458620/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">17.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1528,2069,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1452,2460,2337,2429]" box="[1528,2069,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<heading box="[1528,2069,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<vernacularName box="[1528,2069,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Hairy-legged Vampire Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2133,2460,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1452,2460,2337,2429]" box="[2133,2460,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<heading box="[2133,2460,2337,2387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName authority="Spix, 1823" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[2133,2460,2337,2387]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diphylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecaudata">
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<emphasis box="[2133,2460,2337,2387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Diphylla ecaudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1453,2451,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1452,2460,2337,2429]" box="[1453,2451,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<heading box="[1453,2451,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1529,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1535,1774,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Vampire a pattes velues</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1796,1886,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1896,2074,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Kammzahnvampir</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2094,2186,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2192,2273,2406,2427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Vampiro</vernacularName>
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de patas peludas
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[2063,2656,2474,2900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2065,2220,2474,2507]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Spix, 1823" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[2239,2651,2474,2507]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diphylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecaudata">Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[2079,2158,2513,2546]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Brasil</collectingCountry>
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.” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio San Francisco,
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<collectingRegion box="[2371,2452,2556,2585]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2469,2551,2556,2585]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2069,2502,2591,2624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[2063,2656,2474,2900]" box="[2069,2502,2591,2624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Two subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458636" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458636/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[1450,2040,2480,2893]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[2063,2656,2474,2900]" box="[2065,2465,2631,2664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2065,2465,2631,2664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[2063,2656,2474,2900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName authority="Spix, 1823" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[2064,2424,2675,2704]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diphylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ecaudata" subSpecies="ecaudata">D.e.ecaudataSpix,1823—Colombia,NVenezuela,Ecuador,Peru,Brazil(exceptCAmazonBasin),andNBolivia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[2063,2656,2474,2900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[2064,2441,2789,2822]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diphylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ecaudata" subSpecies="centralis">D. e. centralis Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
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— from S
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<collectingRegion box="[2578,2655,2789,2822]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Texas</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry box="[2077,2143,2833,2862]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">USA</collectingCountry>
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) S through E
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<collectingCountry box="[2365,2467,2833,2862]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and Central America to
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<collectingCountry box="[2228,2342,2867,2900]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1450,2655,2915,3492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1698,2915,2940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 65-93 mm (tailless), ear 14-19 mm, forearm 49-56 mm; weight 20-43 g. Subspecies are indistinguishable and separated by distribution. The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat is smaller than other species of vampire bats. Ears are wider, face is shorter, and eyes are larger. Tail membrane is reduced. Tibias, forearms, and reduced uropatagium are covered with abundant hair, which is longer and finer than on other species of the Desmodontinae subfamily. Dorsum is brown, and venteris a little paler. Noseleafis reduced to mere rounded bulge, and lower lip is cleft. Calcars are short but well formed, and thumbs are short, without metacarpal pads. Dental formula is12/2,G1/1,P 1/2, M 2/2 (
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<date box="[1875,1909,3227,3256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">x2</date>
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) =
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<date box="[1957,2020,3227,3256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">26. I</date>
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, have four lobes, and distinctive I, are broad, fan-shaped, and seven-lobed. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 52.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1450,2023,3300,3333]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1450,2655,2915,3492]" box="[1450,2023,3300,3333]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1561,3300,3333]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tropical and subtropical forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="496" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[1450,2655,2915,3492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1712,3341,3374]" pageId="12" pageNumber="496">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat prefers to feed on avian blood and rarely feeds on mammalian blood. Its short, stout calcar aids in arboreal locomotion. It makes wounds mostly on legs or in cloacal region. In captivity, it is altruistic, sharing food by regurgitation similar to that of the Common Vampire Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[2382,2638,3459,3492]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">Desmodus rotundus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[127,1336,269,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,264,269,302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Breeding.</emphasis>
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A pregnant Hairy-legged Vampire Bat with one embryo was found in September in
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<collectingCountry box="[287,383,317,342]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, and juveniles and subadults can be found in October. Breeding season might be well defined in parts of its distribution, but apparently it has two birth periods not related to seasonality, with reports of pregnant females giving birth to single offspring in February-March, July, and September—October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[127,1336,269,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,366,466,499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat is nocturnal and seeks food in the darkest period of the night, depending on environmental factors such as moonlight, rain, and strong winds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[127,1336,269,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,855,585,618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Although Hairy-legged Vampire Bats form colonies of up to 70 individuals, they are not gregarious and usually occur in groups of 3-4 individuals. They occur in caves or crevices and very rarely in holes of trees; roosts can be shared with other species of bats including other species of vampire bats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[128,1178,781,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[127,1336,269,935]" box="[128,1178,781,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,477,781,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[127,1336,269,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,282,830,855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baker (1973), Baker et al. (1988), Bredt et al. (1999), Burt & Stirton (1961), Dalquest (1955), Greenhall et al. (1984), Hall (1981), Kwon & Gardner (2008), Sampaio et al. (2016a), Scheffer et al. (2015), Siles et al. (2003), Teran & Aguirre (2007b), Wilson (1979).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |