261 lines
23 KiB
XML
261 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF92FF9213A7FE40FF00FEE7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Anoura caudifer" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="519" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="519" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727262" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF92FF9213A7FE40FF00FEE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF92FF9213A7FE40FF00FEE7" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<subSubSection box="[155,212,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[153,1244,506,631]" box="[155,212,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<heading box="[155,212,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<figureCitation box="[155,212,506,552]" captionStart="Plate 38: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="35.[150,180,3330,3355]" captionTargetBox="[13,2757,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="63. Tailed Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer), 64. Ecuadorian Tailless Bat (Anowra aequatoris), 65. Cadena’s Tailless Bat (Anowra cadenai), 66. Tube-lipped Tailless Bat (Anoura fistulata), 67. Luis Manuel’s Tailless Bat (Anoura luismanueli), 68. Peruvian Tailless Bat (Anowra javier), 69. Handley’s Tailless Bat (Anoura cultrata), 70. Broad-toothed Tailless Bat (Anowra latidens), 71. Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (Anoura geoffroy), 72. Tschudi’s Tailless Bat (Anoura peruana), 74. Godman’s Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus godmani), 75. Lesser Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus minor), 76. Greater Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus periosus), 77. Mexican Long-tongued Bat (Choeronycteris mexicana), 78. Capixaba Nectarfeeding Bat (Dryadonycteris capixaba), 79. Banana Bat (Musonycteris harrisoni), 80. Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris degener), 81. Dark Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris obscura), 82. Ega Long-tongued Bat (Scleronycteris ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458758/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">63.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[228,601,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[153,1244,506,631]" box="[228,601,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<heading box="[228,601,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<vernacularName box="[228,601,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Tailed Tailless Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[670,965,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[153,1244,506,631]" box="[670,965,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<heading box="[670,965,506,552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[670,965,506,552]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudifer">
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<emphasis box="[670,965,506,552]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Anoura caudifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[153,1244,506,631]" box="[154,1243,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<heading box="[154,1243,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,230,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[237,432,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Anoura des tunnels</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[453,543,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[553,916,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Geschwanzte Langnasenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[937,1029,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1037,1243,571,592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Anoura de cola corta</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[153,1244,506,631]" box="[154,592,610,631]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<heading box="[154,592,610,631]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,401,610,631]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[411,592,610,631]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Lesser Tailless Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[767,1360,678,1105]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[767,922,678,711]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudifer">Glossophaga caudifer E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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“
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<collectingRegion box="[1127,1339,725,750]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingRegion box="[768,971,760,789]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[987,1070,760,789]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[767,1360,678,1105]" lastBlockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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The species
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<taxonomicName box="[943,1047,796,829]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudifer">caudifer</taxonomicName>
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was transferred to the genus Lonchoglossa and then to
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<taxonomicName box="[1251,1351,839,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anoura</taxonomicName>
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. Some authors, such as C. O. Handley,Jr. in 1984, spelled the species name as caudifera but according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the correct form is
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<taxonomicName box="[874,977,1032,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudifer">caudifer</taxonomicName>
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. Previous uses of this name could include taxa like A.
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<taxonomicName box="[1139,1268,1072,1105]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatoris">aequatoris</taxonomicName>
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, A.
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Hsunycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cadenai">cadenai</taxonomicName>
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, or A.
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<taxonomicName box="[320,470,1114,1143]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luismanueli">luismanueli</taxonomicName>
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, which are now considered distinct species. Some authors have discussed affinities of these small species as part of a generic taxon called Lonchoglossa. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458726/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" targetBox="[152,743,686,1099]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,328,1233,1262]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[342,481,1233,1262]" name="Colombia" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[497,644,1233,1262]" name="Venezuela" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, the Guianas, N, W, S & SE
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<collectingCountry box="[1048,1130,1233,1262]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1147,1265,1233,1262]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1282,1349,1233,1262]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[153,249,1268,1301]" name="Bolivia" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, and NW
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<collectingCountry box="[390,532,1268,1301]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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resulting in arc-type distribution surrounding central part of Amazon Basin. Records from
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<collectingCountry box="[608,736,1307,1340]" name="Paraguay" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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are suspicious.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,410,1347,1380]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 46-64 mm, tail 4-5 mm, ear 8-17 mm, hindfoot 7-9 mm, forearm 33-39 mm; weight 8-13 g. The Tailed Tailless Bat is small compared with most of its congeners, slightly larger than the Ecuadorian Tailless Bat (
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatoris">A. aequatoris</taxonomicName>
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) and Luis Manuel’s Tailless Bat (A.
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<taxonomicName box="[699,854,1469,1498]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luismanueli">luismanueli</taxonomicName>
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). Pelage is dark brown; dorsal hairs are gray at bases, with the tip dark brownish, ventral hairs brownish, unicolored. Fur is dense, soft, and silky and extends to dorsal and ventral sides, over part of plagiopatagium and up to middle of forearm. As in other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[957,1057,1584,1617]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anoura</taxonomicName>
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, muzzle is elongated, and lower jaw protrudes slightly beyond upper lip. Noseleaf is small but well defined, taller than wide, and attached to upper lip. Deep groove divides lower lip medially. Tail membrane is semicircular and reduced, with very short calcars, and has fringe of sparse hairs. Deep sulcus in anterior face of C!, together with large P,, makesit distinguishable from other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[681,781,1781,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anoura</taxonomicName>
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. Dental formula for all species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1258,1358,1781,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anoura</taxonomicName>
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is12/0,C1/1,P 3/3, M 3/3 (
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<date box="[590,625,1825,1854]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">x2</date>
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) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,262,1900,1933]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wide variety of habitats including primary forest, lightly disturbed forests, agriculturalfields, and urban areas from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[1141,1250,1948,1973]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,411,1979,2012]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Tailed Tailless Bat mainly eats nectar and pollen and occasionally gleans large insects (Thysanoptera,
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<taxonomicName box="[709,906,2018,2051]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[922,1080,2018,2051]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[1158,1340,2018,2051]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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). A large variety of plant families are represented in diets, including
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<taxonomicName box="[1086,1281,2057,2090]" family="Bombacaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Bombacaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Bromeliaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[314,405,2101,2130]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Vriesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vriesea</taxonomicName>
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morrenii),
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<taxonomicName box="[555,779,2101,2130]" family="Campanulaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[804,958,2101,2130]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Burmeistera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Burmeistera</taxonomicName>
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sodiroana, B. succulenta, and B. truncata),
|
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<taxonomicName box="[330,459,2140,2169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName box="[483,677,2140,2169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufa">Bauhinia rufa</taxonomicName>
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),
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||
<taxonomicName box="[703,860,2140,2169]" family="Lythraceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<taxonomicName box="[876,1022,2140,2169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName box="[1039,1256,2140,2169]" family="Marcgraviaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Marcgraviaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Marcgraviaceae" genus="Marcgravia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marcgravia</taxonomicName>
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coniacea),
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<taxonomicName box="[385,625,2176,2209]" family="Melastomataceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[653,775,2176,2209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Meriania</taxonomicName>
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pichinchensis),
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<taxonomicName box="[993,1138,2176,2209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1160,1355,2176,2209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[162,291,2219,2248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Passiflora</taxonomicName>
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mucronata), and
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<taxonomicName box="[529,677,2219,2248]" family="Rubiaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[731,849,2219,2248]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it prefers nectar from small flowers compared with Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (A. geoffroyz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,285,2294,2327]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
It has been suggested that the Tailed Tailless Bat has asynchronous reproduction, with reproductive and lactating individuals present in August-November. Pregnant females and births were found in September-November, and juveniles appeared in October-November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,387,2452,2485]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tailed Tailless Bat is nocturnal. In a fragment of Atlantic Forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[244,325,2491,2524]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, peak captures occurred in the fourth hour after dark; activity started one hour after sunset. No differences of captures were found in dry and wet seasons. Roosts include various natural and man-made structures such as caves, rock crevices, foliage, hollow tress, and tunnels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,866,2649,2682]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In a mark-recapture study in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tailed Tailless Bats seemed to be highly nomadic based on lack of recaptured individuals, although marked individuals might have become familiar with mist nets and avoided recapture. They form nursing colonies and harems of 5-100 individuals. In roosts, they will associate with other bats such as Seba’s Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">Carollia perspicillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Common Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[815,1108,2846,2879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">Micronycteris microtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Geoftroy’s Tailless Bat, Handley’s Tailless Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[614,765,2894,2919]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cultrata">A. cultrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[162,301,2928,2957]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
parnellii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,496,2964,2997]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Despite the recent split of some populations into separate species, the Tailed Tailless Bat has a wide distribution and seems locally common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="519" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[149,1359,1114,3235]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,303,3091,3116]" pageId="35" pageNumber="519">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aguiar & Marinho-Filho (2004), Albuja (1999), Barquez et al. (1999), Brosset & Charles-Dominique (1991), Esbérard et al. (2005), Griffiths & Gardner (2008a), Handley (1984), Muchhala & Jarrin-Valladares (2002), Oprea et al. (2009), Reis & Peracchi (1987), Ruschi (1953), Sazima (1976), Trajano (1996), Wilson (1979), Zortéa (2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |