219 lines
18 KiB
XML
219 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8FFF8F138CF5DEF608F465" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira koopmanhilli McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="546" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="546" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8FFF8F138CF5DEF608F465" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8FFF8F138CF5DEF608F465" lastPageNumber="546" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<subSubSection box="[176,256,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[171,1357,2660,2790]" box="[176,256,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[176,256,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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||
<figureCitation box="[176,256,2660,2710]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">129.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[274,886,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[171,1357,2660,2790]" box="[274,886,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[274,886,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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||
<vernacularName box="[274,886,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<collectingRegion box="[274,409,2660,2710]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[955,1357,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[171,1357,2660,2790]" box="[955,1357,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[955,1357,2660,2710]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<taxonomicName authority="McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico, 2006" authorityName="McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico" authorityYear="2006" box="[955,1357,2660,2710]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">
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<emphasis box="[955,1357,2660,2710]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Sturnira koopmanhilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[171,1357,2660,2790]" box="[173,1174,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[173,1174,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,249,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[257,437,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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Sturnire du
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<collectingRegion box="[375,437,2727,2748]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,549,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[558,867,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[888,979,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[989,1066,2727,2748]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Sturniro</vernacularName>
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del Chocé
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[171,1357,2660,2790]" box="[172,1176,2767,2788]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[172,1176,2767,2788]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,420,2767,2788]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[429,745,2767,2788]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Chocoan Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[759,1176,2767,2788]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Koopman and Hill's Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[785,1378,2835,3263]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,941,2835,2868]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico, 2006" authorityName="McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico" authorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">Sturnira koopmanhilli McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico, 2006</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation latitude="0.53333336" longitude="-78.61667" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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“Los Pambiles, confluence of unnamed river with Rio las Piedras, Reserva Ecolégica Cotacachi-Cayapas, Province de Emeraldas,
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<collectingCountry name="Ecuador" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[885,1000,3033,3066]" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" precision="925" value="0.53333336">00°32’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1017,1135,3033,3066]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" precision="925" value="-78.61667">78°37'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity box="[1154,1255,3033,3066]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="discussion">
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<taxonomicName box="[787,1078,3072,3105]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">Sturnira koopmanhilli</taxonomicName>
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was previously confused with
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<taxonomicName box="[939,1067,3111,3144]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">S. mordax</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458868/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" startId="62.[171,292,3267,3300]" targetBox="[170,763,2839,3256]" targetPageId="62">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[785,1378,2835,3263]" lastBlockId="62.[170,1376,3267,3460]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[785,961,3151,3184]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Pacific lowlands and adjacent slopes of Andes from
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<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco Department</collectingRegion>
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in W
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<collectingCountry box="[963,1102,3230,3263]" name="Colombia" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, S to
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<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Chimborazo Province</collectingRegion>
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in NW
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<collectingCountry box="[402,520,3267,3300]" name="Ecuador" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[170,1376,3267,3460]" lastBlockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,427,3308,3341]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 72-80 mm (tailless), ear 13-20 mm, hindfoot
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16— 19 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 48-53 mm; weight 25-36 g. The
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<collectingRegion box="[917,1008,3347,3380]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Batis medium-sized, similar to the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1072,1210,3387,3420]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">S. ludovici</taxonomicName>
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) but larger and more robust. Dorsal fur is grayish brown to pale brown, long (9-10 mm), and bicolored. Shoulders of adult males can be reddish brown to blackish brown. Noseleaf has small rounded “tooth” of skin at nostrils and one on each side of the leaf. I' are robust, projecting forward, and tips contact each other; upper and lower dental rows have spaces between premolars and molars (crowns not in contact); and lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molar a flat, plain aspect.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1570,471,504]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wet primary and well-preserved forests at elevations of 300-2000 m. These habitats, usually referred to as the
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<collectingRegion box="[1947,2040,510,543]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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, are characterized by high rainfall and high biotic diversity, and flora and fauna have high levels of endemism. Los Pambiles, the type locality, is situated along an irregular ridge of the
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<collectingRegion box="[2271,2414,589,622]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
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de Toisan. Transitional lower montane—pre-montane forest at Los Pambiles was dominated by trees of medium height (less than
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<quantity box="[1877,1953,672,701]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
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), with two strata that were not always distinct and continuous,in part because of the rough topography. Recent records suggest
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<collectingRegion box="[2571,2662,707,740]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Bats can reach humid forests of the Nechi Refuge, the eastern extension of the Choc6-Magdalena Province. Precipitation and environmental humidity are high (annual rainfall ¢.
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<quantity box="[1833,1975,824,857]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="4000.0">4000 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1457,1724,865,898]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Although details of the diet of the
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<collectingRegion box="[2245,2336,865,898]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat are unknown, its greatly enlarged and reinforced upper and lower incisors suggest more specialized frugivorous habits than other species in the genus. Similarly, spacing between molariform teeth is less obvious but also suggests specialized food habits.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1591,1023,1056]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Two female Choco Yellow-shouldered Bats from late July at Los Pambiles had developing teats and were pregnant with small fetuses; one fetus had crown—rump length of
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<quantity box="[1603,1689,1102,1135]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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. A third female was lactating. In late November, two females were lactating, and a third was postlactating. A seemingly adult male had incompletely fused manual epiphyses in late November. In the Choco of western
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<collectingCountry box="[2414,2553,1181,1214]" name="Colombia" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, two females were recorded in mid-May with one fetus each (crown-rump lengths
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||
<quantity box="[2519,2598,1220,1253]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[1456,1560,1260,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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), while a third one had an enlarged uterus. A pregnant female from Valle de
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<collectingRegion box="[1456,1542,1299,1332]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Cauca</collectingRegion>
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had one fetus in mid-April, and two juveniles were collected in late July.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1453,2332,1338,1371]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" box="[1453,2332,1338,1371]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1689,1338,1371]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion box="[1701,1792,1338,1371]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1454,2395,1377,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" box="[1454,2395,1377,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,2156,1377,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1455,1802,1417,1450]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The
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<collectingRegion box="[2568,2659,1417,1450]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat is uncommon and poorly known, with a restricted distribution. Deforestation and mining are its main threats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[1455,2536,1544,1569]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="62.[1452,2668,274,1573]" box="[1455,2536,1544,1569]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1455,1608,1544,1569]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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||
Gardner (
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||
<quantity box="[1721,1789,1544,1569]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
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), Martinez-Arias & Solari (2013), McCarthy et al. (2006), Tirira (2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |