192 lines
16 KiB
XML
192 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8DFF8C1688F9D7FEF0F3C7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira ludovici Anthony 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="545" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="544" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8DFF8C1688F9D7FEF0F3C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8DFF8C1688F9D7FEF0F3C7" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1455,2607,1645,1773]" box="[1460,1540,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<heading box="[1460,1540,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<figureCitation box="[1460,1540,1645,1695]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">124.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1557,2232,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1455,2607,1645,1773]" box="[1557,2232,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<heading box="[1557,2232,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<vernacularName box="[1557,2232,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2283,2607,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1455,2607,1645,1773]" box="[2283,2607,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<heading box="[2283,2607,1645,1695]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<taxonomicName authority="Anthony, 1924" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1924" box="[2283,2607,1645,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">
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<emphasis box="[2283,2607,1645,1695]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Sturnira ludovici</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1455,2607,1645,1773]" box="[1456,2503,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<heading box="[1456,2503,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1532,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1541,1723,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Sturnire dAnthony</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1744,1835,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1845,2183,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Hochland-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2204,2295,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2305,2503,1713,1734]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Sturniro de Anthony</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1455,2607,1645,1773]" box="[1456,2031,1752,1773]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<heading box="[1456,2031,1752,1773]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1703,1752,1773]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1713,2031,1752,1773]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Ludovic’s Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="60.[2067,2661,1825,2248]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2068,2221,1825,1854]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Anthony, 1924" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1924" box="[2233,2654,1825,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">Sturnira ludovici Anthony, 1924</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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“near Gualea, elevation about
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<quantity box="[2525,2660,1868,1893]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 feet</quantity>
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[=
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<quantity box="[2110,2215,1904,1933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.333" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="1333.0">1333 m</quantity>
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],”
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<collectingRegion box="[2252,2519,1904,1933]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2535,2651,1904,1933]" name="Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="discussion">
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<taxonomicName box="[2070,2289,1939,1972]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">Sturnira ludovici</taxonomicName>
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has been treated as a junior synonym or subspecies of
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">S. oporaphilum</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458857/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" targetBox="[1453,2044,1826,2239]" targetPageId="60">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[2067,2661,1825,2248]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2068,2243,2066,2091]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[2255,2394,2066,2091]" name="Colombia" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2407,2554,2066,2091]" name="Venezuela" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry box="[2068,2186,2096,2129]" name="Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[2067,2661,1825,2248]" lastBlockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2067,2317,2136,2169]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 66-77 mm (tailless), ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 13-17 mm, forearm 44-50 mm; weight
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" unit="g" value="26.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="22.0">22— 30 g</quantity>
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. The Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized and robust. Fur is dense and soft. Dorsal fur is grayish brown to reddish brown, with yellowish tones, and long (8-10 mm), with four-banded hairs; adult males often have reddish brown shoulders; and ventral hairsare tricolored. Head is large, neck is wide, and snoutis short and broad. Noseleaf is medium-sized, spearshaped, and broad, without small projections of skin found on the
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<collectingRegion box="[1643,1732,2455,2484]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat (S.
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<taxonomicName box="[2099,2266,2455,2484]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koopmanhilli">koopmanhilli</taxonomicName>
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); ears are short, smaller than head; and lowerlip has three central warts, surrounded by row of smaller ones. Fourth metacarpal is equal in length to third. Uropatagium is practically absent and reduced to very narrow fringe; tail is absent; calcar is short; and feet are short and extensively furred to claws. I' project forward, and tips are not in contact; upper and lower dental rows lack spaces between premolars and molars (crowns are in contact); and lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molara flat, plain aspect.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1564,2727,2760]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests including primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; cultivated areas such as banana or cocoa plantations; and gardens at elevations of 30-2900 m (usually above
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<quantity box="[2403,2503,2806,2839]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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and in dry forests not below
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<quantity box="[1710,1819,2845,2878]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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). The Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat prefers humid and cloudy forests and is rare or uncommon in drier habitats. It is usually absent from isolated patches.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1721,2964,2997]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Although the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat is known to be a frugivorous, dietary details are little known. Apparently, it is a
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<taxonomicName box="[2348,2461,3003,3036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[2484,2643,3003,3036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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) specialist, butits diet includes as many as ten families and 26 species of plants. It seems to eat certain insects.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1586,3121,3154]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive pattern of the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat appears to be bimodal polyestry. In
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<collectingCountry box="[1759,1877,3161,3194]" name="Ecuador" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, pregnant females with one fetus were captured in August-September,a lactating female in July, and a scrotal male in April.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1687,3240,3273]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Highland Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal. They usuallyfly in interior forest or over small rivers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1451,2390,3318,3351]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" box="[1451,2390,3318,3351]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,2151,3318,3351]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[1450,2660,2253,3468]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1822,3357,3390]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat is fairly common to uncommon. Its conservation status 1s stable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="61.[123,1329,285,387]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,278,286,307]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Albuja (1999), Anthony (1924b), Castano et al. (2018), Estrada-Villegas et al. (2010), Fleming (1986), Gardner (
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<quantity box="[315,383,322,347]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
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), Handley (1976), Lee, Packer & Alvarado (2006), Tirira (2012c, 2017), Velazco & Patterson (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |