221 lines
18 KiB
XML
221 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8CFF8C1640FDA2F710FB71" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira oporaphilum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="545" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="545" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8CFF8C1640FDA2F710FB71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8CFF8C1640FDA2F710FB71" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1404,1484,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1401,2427,536,701]" box="[1404,1484,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<heading box="[1404,1484,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1404,1484,536,582]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">126.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1500,2171,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1401,2427,536,701]" box="[1500,2171,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<heading box="[1500,2171,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1500,2171,536,582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1403,1814,580,622]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1401,2427,536,701]" box="[1403,1814,580,622]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<heading box="[1403,1814,580,622]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tshudi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1403,1814,580,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1403,1814,580,622]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Sturnira oporaphilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1401,2427,536,701]" box="[1401,2427,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<heading box="[1401,2427,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1477,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1486,1675,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Sturnire de Tschudi</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1697,1787,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1793,2116,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Tschudi-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2137,2228,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2237,2427,639,660]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Sturniro de Tschudi</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1401,2427,536,701]" box="[1401,1960,680,701]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<heading box="[1401,1960,680,701]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1648,680,701]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1658,1960,680,701]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[2014,2609,745,1172]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2014,2169,745,778]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tschudi, 1844" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">Phyllostoma oporaphilum Tschudi, 1844</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[2144,2216,785,818]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2144,2212,785,818]" name="Peru" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[2014,2609,745,1172]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
Taxonomic definition of S.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2449,2609,824,857]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">oporaphilum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been obscured by its use as a senior synonym of S.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2225,2326,903,936]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">ludovici</taxonomicName>
|
||
or as a junior synonym of S.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2153,2229,942,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">Lilium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, orjust confused with S.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">bogotensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458861/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" targetBox="[1399,1990,753,1167]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[2014,2609,745,1172]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2014,2191,1029,1054]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2242,2360,1029,1054]" name="Ecuador" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2415,2483,1029,1054]" name="Peru" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2505,2601,1029,1054]" name="Bolivia" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and NW
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2138,2283,1061,1094]" name="Argentina" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[2014,2609,745,1172]" lastBlockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2014,2267,1100,1133]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 66-75 mm (tailless), ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 13-17 mm, forearm 44-48 mm; weight 17-23 g. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized, similar to the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1736,1835,1219,1252]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
Yellow-shouldered Bat (S.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2212,2336,1219,1252]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">bogotensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (S.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1770,1876,1258,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">ludovici</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Dorsal fur is grayish brown, and shoulder spots are less visible, more similar to the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1846,1945,1298,1331]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bogota</collectingRegion>
|
||
Yellow-shouldered Bat. I' project forward, and their tips are not in contact; I, are bilobate; and lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molar a flat, plain aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1513,1416,1449]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests, mainly montane and cloudy evergreen forests; primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; and gardens and cultivated areas, such as banana, coffee, and citrus plantations, at elevations of 300-2950 m (usually 1000-2000 m). Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat prefers humid and cloudy forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1673,1613,1646]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is known to be frugivorous. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1402,1496,1653,1686]" name="Bolivia" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1569,1713,1653,1686]" name="Argentina" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it was observed eating fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2172,2240,1653,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2260,2421,1653,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2452,2537,1653,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Vismia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vismia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1650,1764,1693,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1785,1950,1693,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2017,2084,1693,1726]" name="Peru" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it depended mostly on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2435,2541,1693,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,1537,1771,1804]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1587,1705,1771,1804]" name="Ecuador" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eight female Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bats were lactating in August, and three had embryos. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1915,2011,1811,1844]" name="Bolivia" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pregnant females were captured in July— November, lactating females in June-November, and scrotal males in May-June. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1402,1498,1890,1923]" name="Bolivia" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a high number of pregnant females were observed when a high number of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1404,1517,1929,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
fruits were available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1638,1968,2001]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. It mostly flies in interior forest or over small rivers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1402,2342,2048,2081]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" box="[1402,2342,2048,2081]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,2103,2048,2081]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1403,1754,2087,2120]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is common in some places (e.g.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2190,2256,2126,2159]" name="Peru" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
) but rare in others (e.g.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1401,1550,2166,2199]" name="Argentina" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Its conservation status is considered stable, butit could be locally threatened because of low density and high impact in some Andean habitats throughoutits distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="545" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[1399,2610,1179,2357]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1403,1556,2293,2318]" pageId="61" pageNumber="545">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Anderson et al. (1982), Gardner (
|
||
<quantity box="[1922,1989,2293,2318]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="61" pageNumber="545" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
|
||
), Lee, Alvarado et al. (2006), Maguina et al. (2012), Moya & Arteaga (2007), Pacheco & Patterson (1991), Sanchez et al. (2012), Tirira (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |