261 lines
24 KiB
XML
261 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8AFF8D1647F905FC8AF660" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira aratathomasi Peterson & Tamsitt 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="544" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="543" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760075" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8AFF8D1647F905FC8AF660" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8AFF8D1647F905FC8AF660" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<subSubSection box="[1403,1483,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2591,1727,1893]" box="[1403,1483,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<heading box="[1403,1483,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<figureCitation box="[1403,1483,1727,1773]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">121.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1497,2269,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2591,1727,1893]" box="[1497,2269,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<heading box="[1497,2269,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<vernacularName box="[1497,2269,1727,1773]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1402,1822,1774,1812]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2591,1727,1893]" box="[1402,1822,1774,1812]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<heading box="[1402,1822,1774,1812]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<taxonomicName authority="Peterson & Tamsitt, 1968" authorityName="Peterson & Tamsitt" authorityYear="1968" box="[1402,1822,1774,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratathomasi">
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<emphasis box="[1402,1822,1774,1812]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Sturnira aratathomasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2591,1727,1893]" box="[1400,2590,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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||
<heading box="[1400,2590,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1475,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1485,1708,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Sturnire Arata-Thomas</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1729,1819,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1827,2213,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Arata-Thomas-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2234,2325,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2335,2590,1831,1852]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Sturniro de Arata-Thomas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2591,1727,1893]" box="[1399,2560,1870,1891]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<heading box="[1399,2560,1870,1891]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1647,1870,1891]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1655,1935,1870,1891]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1949,2228,1870,1891]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Giant Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2238,2560,1870,1891]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Thomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="59.[2012,2605,1945,2364]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2012,2166,1945,1970]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Peterson & Tamsitt, 1968" authorityName="Peterson & Tamsitt" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratathomas">Sturnira aratathomas: Peterson & Tamsit, 1968</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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“
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<quantity box="[2284,2361,1984,2009]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
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south of Pance (approximately
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<quantity box="[2241,2327,2016,2049]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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southwest of Cali), Dept. of Valle,
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<collectingCountry box="[2233,2372,2063,2088]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, at 1650 metres elevation.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="discussion">
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Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data indicate that S.
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<taxonomicName box="[2250,2416,2177,2206]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratathomasi">aratathomasi</taxonomicName>
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represents a unique lineage of
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<taxonomicName box="[2279,2387,2213,2246]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
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, not closely related to any other species. Monotypic.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458851/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" targetBox="[1397,1987,1945,2359]" targetPageId="59">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[2012,2605,1945,2364]" lastBlockId="59.[1398,2608,2371,3154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2012,2188,2300,2325]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W
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<collectingCountry box="[2249,2388,2300,2325]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[2451,2599,2300,2325]" name="Venezuela" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2013,2131,2331,2364]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2206,2274,2331,2364]" name="Peru" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Peru</collectingCountry>
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. Records from
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<collectingCountry box="[2486,2605,2331,2364]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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do not have precise localities.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2608,2371,3154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1654,2414,2443]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 88-101 mm (tailless), ear 19-22 mm, hindfoot 17-21 mm, forearm 55-61 mm; weight 47-54 g. The Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat is one of the largest species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1922,2031,2489,2522]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
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. Upperparts range from grayish brown to brownish tones; head is pale grayish brown, with some darker spots on rostrum and frontal area. Fur is long (7-8 mm), soft, and woolly. Hairs on shoulder area have four distinguishable bands: short white basal band, light gray epibasal band, white subterminal band, and grayish brown terminal band. Basal band is missing on back. Shoulder patches (sebaceous glands) are not evident. Underparts are paler, usually with three-banded hairs. Fur is longer on posterior one-half of back. Elbow area and adjacent areas of wings are sparsely covered with short hairs. Wing membranes are mostly blackish. Tail membraneis very short and moderately furred; there is no calcar. Feet are hairy. Skull is robust and elongated. Upper incisors protrude, and cusps of I! are pointed and have no contact at tips. I are trilobed, I, are bilobed, and molars have deep lingualclefts on M| and M,,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[1398,2608,2371,3154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1510,2963,2996]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry inter-Andean lower, pre-montane, and montane forests, including cloudy, evergreen, and secondary forests, at elevations of 1650-3165 m (usually above
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<quantity box="[2482,2588,3003,3036]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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). In
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<collectingCountry box="[1440,1579,3042,3075]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, the Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat was recorded in all three Cordilleras, but in
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<collectingCountry box="[1616,1683,3082,3115]" name="Peru" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, it is reported only in lower montane forests on eastern slope of the Andes. Based on this distribution, it is expected to occur in northern
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<collectingCountry box="[2433,2529,3129,3154]" name="Bolivia" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" startId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" targetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" targetPageId="58">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[122,2603,3247,3470]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
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On following pages: 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[760,981,3247,3272]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hondurensis">Sturnira hondurensis</taxonomicName>
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); 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1400,1597,3247,3272]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burtonlimi">Sturnira burtonlimi</taxonomicName>
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); 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[2022,2192,3247,3272]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">Sturnira ludovici</taxonomicName>
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); 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[130,309,3287,3312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adrianae">Sturnira adrianae</taxonomicName>
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); 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[735,959,3287,3312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oporaphilum">Sturnira oporaphilum</taxonomicName>
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); 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1399,1620,3287,3312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mistratensis">Sturnira mistratensis</taxonomicName>
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); 128. Soriano's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[2048,2221,3287,3312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sorianoi">Sturnira sorianoi</taxonomicName>
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); 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[173,254,3326,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
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koopmanhill)); 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[850,1020,3326,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">Sturnira mordax</taxonomicName>
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); 131.
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<taxonomicName box="[1091,1140,3326,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perla">Perla</taxonomicName>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1399,1540,3326,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perla">Sturnira perla</taxonomicName>
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); 132. Tilda's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1933,2081,3326,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">Sturnira tildae</taxonomicName>
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); 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythromos">Sturnira erythromos</taxonomicName>
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); 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[655,862,3366,3391]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bogotensis">Sturnira bogotensis</taxonomicName>
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); 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1274,1436,3366,3391]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magna">Sturnira magna</taxonomicName>
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); 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1862,2056,3366,3391]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">Sturnira parvidens</taxonomicName>
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); 137 Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baker">Sturnira baker</taxonomicName>
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); 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[569,715,3409,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">Sturnira lilium</taxonomicName>
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); 139. Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1135,1307,3409,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giannae">Sturnira giannae</taxonomicName>
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); 140.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1382,1480,3409,3430]" name="Dominica" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
Yellow-shouldered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1739,1821,3409,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
|
||
angell); 141. Paulson's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2318,2497,3409,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulsoni">Sturnira paulsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 142. Luis's Yellow-shouldered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[492,623,3447,3468]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">Sturnira luisi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[181,1389,278,1062]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[183,443,278,311]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In one of the few ecological studies in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[984,1123,278,311]" name="Colombia" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat preferred fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[766,921,318,351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(44% frequency), with a particular preference for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[594,707,357,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[730,894,357,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is expected to have a predominantly frugivorous diet but including some pollen, nectar, and insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[181,1389,278,1062]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,318,436,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bats have been found in February and August, suggesting bimodal polyestry. Its reproductive cycle probably follows the two peaks in food resources associated with wet seasons in Andean forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[181,1389,278,1062]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,420,554,587]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. It has been captured in understories and subcanopies. A cave is the only record of a roost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[181,1389,278,1062]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,908,633,666]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat was found sharing a cave with the Tailed Tailless Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1098,1311,672,705]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudifer">Anoura caudifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[717,916,716,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">Sturnira bidens</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at Cueva de los Guacharos, Cordillera Oriental of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[447,586,750,783]" name="Colombia" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[181,1389,278,1062]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,531,790,823]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat might be locally rare, but there is no information on specific requirements for its occurrence at a local scale. Its total distribution is rather extensive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="544" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[181,1389,278,1062]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,336,957,982]" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Estrada-Villegas et al. (2007), Gardner (
|
||
<quantity box="[799,867,957,982]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="60" pageNumber="544" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
|
||
), McCarthy et al. (1991), Pacheco & Hocking (2006), Pacheco & Patterson (1991), Peterson & Tamsitt (1968),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[885,965,996,1021]" country="Uruguay" name="Soriano" pageId="60" pageNumber="544">Soriano</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Molinari (1984, 1987), Tamsitt et al. (1986), Thomas & McMurray (1974), Velazco & Patterson (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |