597 lines
140 KiB
XML
597 lines
140 KiB
XML
<document id="E97DB0F1092E169FD6CEC155A7584A28" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41cb8800-0b39-4c9e-89bf-328a46ead06a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228678" ID-ZooBank="0AF16883-B1FF-4D75-B874-ED71862A9C72" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460921155633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya’Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng & Pham, Xuan Da" docDate="2014" docId="03A68794FFC8B177E19FFF5B7B1D403A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03866p571.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3866 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="563" masterDocId="FF9FFFECFFC9B17FE108FFCC7A184542" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="571" masterPageNumber="555" pageNumber="556" updateTime="1698362077089" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C07D87F211A4FB5B6A9EDB5AAB0D77F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="54013F6449E9F61571A147CC4B6747F9">
|
||
<mods:title id="8AB76BD54C6E76AF22E4786834AD96BB">Three new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vietnam</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="5BC653F8535C5ED5669284B09AEF2AA3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9D82525F916350755E1DEAC400CDDC1E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="45165C027EB38F929468C6ED5C085710">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C1A5DD70CA2467C46E28A0DFFE74E7E1">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3292ACE3D5DA0BE59BB0FE1F154AF0D8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B5E5A3B285EE74A35EEAC10A23FFD68F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F11E8DC2AEE1D90A7132FC519AFC6CB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="43CE81F6A0F4FA38364B4B068DF72E7B">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C8D662CA2492A1C2B2B7ED8398C3D84B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="681C3A8DBB7460996D09E3C334D24AA8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C01E62EB2138D254FB24FDF61CC1F865">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9BB0EBB4D57767437D596471DEAE8489">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FDC58121F0A5FDB4B2EA683A69299E88" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8A1E25F4A44B6135A46485D131FF9DB3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3736723B8E5C1CD619C864019143D6F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C2CAAB9376B1EBAC338F40C70E2F2A67">Chen, Chee Dhang</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="57C9F82D24FD791586E0AEB3A6EBD00D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="319F2200BCB910840EA0BD358F34FE09">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CE19DBDB73DB52CE1C25A6CE7D7F9C06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6C553E48885B054433B3E8156117DA73">Lau, Koon Weng</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2C7D3E750FD095156A1732FF47422E26" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="214B358F9BBBF7C069FE09DD4878E334">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="09882B4DB4382791C0D9EE0792343448">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="34FD7A89DA2B996E7474F62004F595AD">Pham, Xuan Da</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="4DA69335192FAF7C2B935063695CADD0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5B0010FB30D45A536530AD79F29A4711" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5ACA1A6203F4D0CA5333D0B39F8A60FC">
|
||
<mods:title id="379F003F4C21849DEEBF8AB60F326955">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BB2F61CF868D406DC57533EC88868F9F">
|
||
<mods:date id="5706ADC8AED4A9DAD035544B489B17F1">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="442CB529A39638C25D4C8649A5BC8C41" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="870028B3FFD012D8B91CCB043900AD94">3866</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DA20463CCB492124C99676000B53109C" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="604BAF54A3A0232642328EFDB61563BA">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="42725EE4E6B9799D6F2508C082C17682" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="0C84F7C7F6A5E13BD80373E1D83D3D1B">555</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B09D3282E63C5BBF2322E4EDAFC93427">571</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="959C048EBD01143FB44E9D6B5EA8BC0D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FB5A37F70813219F7ABBA7A3BCF83CCF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4BEF8E259D34A879433FFD27956425C2" type="GBIF-Dataset">41cb8800-0b39-4c9e-89bf-328a46ead06a</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A6D935204C3C03F8AD2F007F548C26DB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0FE14AA7BA6B4B6491880A7F22625366" type="Zenodo-Dep">228678</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="310E64DBCA80C06C45268C24EAD33845" type="ZooBank">0AF16883-B1FF-4D75-B874-ED71862A9C72</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A68794FFC8B177E19FFF5B7B1D403A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6126405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6126405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A68794FFC8B177E19FFF5B7B1D403A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A68794FFC8B177E19FFF5B7B1D403A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156509FFC8B17EE19FFF5B7B0A4591" pageId="1" pageNumber="556" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC8B17EE19FFF5B7E8245F0" blockId="1.[151,1178,151,211]" box="[151,1178,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<heading id="D0F881EEFFC8B17EE19FFF5B7E8245F0" bold="true" box="[151,1178,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="556" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE19FFF5B7E8245F0" bold="true" box="[151,1178,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC8B17EE19FFF5B79AF45F0" ID-CoL="9HSMY" authority="Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun" authorityName="Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun" box="[151,951,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE19FFF5B7B1745F3" bold="true" box="[151,271,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE017FF5B7BDB45F3" bold="true" box="[287,451,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Nevermannia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE0DCFF5B789C45F3" bold="true" box="[468,644,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Ya’cob sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC8B17EE19FFF767B0A4591" blockId="1.[151,1178,151,211]" box="[151,274,186,211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE197FF767B114591" box="[159,265,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetBox-2="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetBox-3="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156509FFC8B177E19FFECE787C45B5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="1" pageNumber="556" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC8B17CE19FFECE7F8A445F" blockId="1.[151,1437,258,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE19FFECE7AF64459" bold="true" box="[151,238,258,283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 3.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE30AFECE78584459" bold="true" box="[514,576,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Slightly narrower than thorax. Frons brownish-black, thinly whitish-gray pruinose, densely covered with whitish-yellow recumbent hairs interspersed with several dark-brown longer and stouter hairs along each lateral margin. Frontal ratio 1.6:1.0:2.6. Frons:head ratio 1.0:5.3. Fronto-ocular area well developed, triangular, directed laterally and slightly upward. Clypeus brownish-black, whitish-gray pruinose, densely covered with whitish-yellow recumbent hairs intermixed with several dark-brown longer and stouter hairs on each side. Labrum 0.9 times length of clypeus. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres, dark brown except scape and pedicel yellow or dark yellow, and base of first flagellomere whitish-yellow. Maxillary palp consisting of five segments, grayish except third segment brownish-black; proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth segments 1.0:0.8:1.4; third segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE246FDEE79884779" box="[846,912,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) much enlarged; sensory vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE431FDEE7F624779" box="[1337,1402,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) elongate, 0.6 times length of third segment, with large elliptical opening; numerous minute papillae on each inner side of opening. Maxillary lacinia with 8 inner and 15 outer teeth. Mandible with 18–20 inner teeth and lacking outer teeth. Cibarium with 32 minute conical processes with pointed apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE2F2FD427E2347E5" box="[1018,1083,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) as well as numerous minute spinous processes near lower margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE342FD7E78874789" bold="true" box="[586,671,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Scutum yellowish-brown except anterolateral calli ochreous, each shoulder, wide portion along each lateral margin and prescutellar area medium brown, with three medium brown narrow longitudinal vittae (one medial, two submedial), thinly whitish-gray pruinose with three dark narrow nonpruinose longitudinal vittae (one medial, two submedial) when illuminated at certain angles, and densely covered with whitish-yellow recumbent hairs intermixed with several dark-brown upright hairs on prescutellar area. Scutellum ochreous, with several dark brown upright hairs and whitish-yellow shorter hairs. Postnotum dark brown, whitish-gray pruinose and shiny when illuminated at certain angles and bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum longer than deep, dark brown, and bare.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE229FC63794F4684" bold="true" box="[801,855,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Foreleg: coxa and trochanter yellow; femur light brown with apical cap dark brown, though inner surface dark yellow; tibia dark brown except median large portion of outer surface medium brown, and basal tip yellow; tarsus brownish-black to black; basitarsus slender, slightly dilated, 7.7 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa medium brown except posterolateral surface brownishblack; trochanter yellow; femur yellow to light brown with apical cap dark brown; tibia dark brown except median large portion light to medium brown and basal tip yellow; tarsus dark brown to black.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187612FFC8B17EE560FBAE7EB84139" box="[1128,1184,1122,1147]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
leg: coxa dark yellow except posterolateral surface light brown; trochanter yellow; femur dark yellow to light brown (though inner surface widely yellowish) except basal one-fourth yellow and apical cap dark brown; tibia dark brown except base yellow, and median large portion medium brown; tarsus dark brown to brownish-black except basal two-thirds of basitarsus grayish-white (though base dark brown), and basal half of second tarsomere yellowish-white; basitarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE197FADA7AC6406D" box="[159,222,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C) nearly parallel-sided, 6.4 times as long as its greatest width, and 0.7 and 0.6 times as wide as hind tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala well developed, 1.4 times as long as width at middle, and 0.6 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus well developed. Claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE252FA9279814035" box="[858,921,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with large basal tooth 0.48 times length of claw.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE1D4FA4E7B0040D9" bold="true" box="[220,280,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFC8B17EE08FFA4E7BFC40D8" box="[391,484,1410,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Costa with two parallel rows of black spinules and light-brown hairs except on subbasal portion near humeral cross vein with patch of whitish hairs. Subcosta with light-brown hairs except apical one-third bare. Basal portion of radius fully haired; R1 with black spinules and light-brown hairs; R2 with lightbrown hairs. Hair tuft on stem vein and base of radial vein black. Basal cell absent.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC8B17EE556FA3D7EBF4348" box="[1118,1191,1521,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Halter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE556FA3D7EBF4348" bold="true" box="[1118,1191,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Halter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whitish except base grayish.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE1F1F9D97B7F436C" bold="true" box="[249,359,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal scale light brown, with fringe of whitish-yellow long hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen dark brown to brownish-black except segment 2 light brown though basal one-third pale, moderately covered with whitish-yellow short hairs mixed with dark-brown short hairs, and dark-brown longer hairs on posterior segments; tergites 2 and 6–8 somewhat shiny (in addition, tergite 5 partially and slightly shiny) when illuminated at certain angles; ventral surface of segment 7 with large sternal plate medially.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC8B17EE2C9F9697E3443FC" bold="true" box="[961,1068,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Sternite 8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE5B4F9697EE543FC" box="[1212,1277,1701,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E) wide, bare medially but furnished with 19–21 long hairs and few short hairs on each side. Ovipositor valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE5EBF9057F3943A0" box="[1251,1313,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E) tonguelike, rounded posteromedially, thin, membranous except inner margin narrowly sclerotized, densely covered with microsetae interspersed with 5–9 short hairs; inner margins moderately concave medially, and narrowly separated from each other except apices touching each other. Genital fork (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE267F8F979B6420C" box="[879,942,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F) of inverted Y-form, with well sclerotized stem and relatively wide arms; each arm with lateral plate bearing unpigmented lobe-like projection directed posteromedially and distinct black narrow projection directed anterodorsally. Paraproct in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE432F8B17F6342D4" box="[1338,1403,1917,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G) rounded, somewhat longer than its greatest width; anteromedial surface nearly transparent, with four or five sensilla; paraproct in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC8B17EE312F8097840429C" box="[538,600,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="556">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H) slightly protruding ventrally beyond ventral margin of cercus, and with 32 short to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces. Cercus in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE2E0FF5B7E3E45F2" box="[1000,1062,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H) rounded posteriorly, 0.7 times as long as basal width. Spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE35BFF70788F4596" box="[595,663,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB11042FFCAB17CE384FF70788F4596" box="[652,663,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">1</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) nearly ovoidal, 1.1 times as long as its greatest width, strongly sclerotized except small area around juncture with duct and duct itself unsclerotized, with distinct reticulate surface pattern and without internal setae; main spermathecal duct narrow, somewhat narrower than both accessory ducts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70660AFFCBB17DE19FF8FE78B24280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="557" targetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCBB17DE19FF8FE78B24280" blockId="2.[151,1436,1842,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCBB17DE19FF8FE7B0B4205" bold="true" box="[151,275,1842,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="557">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFCBB17DE08EF8FE7938420A" box="[390,800,1842,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCBB17DE08EF8FE7BFD420A" box="[390,485,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="557">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCBB17DE0FDF8FF7865420A" box="[501,637,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="557">Nevermannia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCBB17DE384F8FE7938420A" box="[652,800,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="557">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFCBB17DE22EF8FE796F4205" box="[806,887,1842,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="557" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCBB17DE22EF8FE796F4205" bold="true" box="[806,887,1842,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="557">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I; 0.01 mm for D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCAB17CE1CFFEEB79EB43FF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE1CFFEEB7B1C4402" bold="true" box="[199,260,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 2.6–3.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE346FEEB78944402" bold="true" box="[590,652,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Slightly wider than thorax. Holoptic; upper eye bright vermilion, consisting of large facets in 17 or 18 vertical columns and 18 or 19 horizontal rows. Clypeus brownish-black, not shiny, whitish pruinose, moderately covered with yellow hairs intermixed with dark-brown longer hairs. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres, light brown except scape and pedicel medium brown, and base of first flagellomere yellowish-white; first flagellomere elongate, 2.3 times length of second one. Maxillary palp composed of five segments, and grayish except third segment brownish-black; proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth segments 1.0:1.0:1.7; third segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE3C0FE33790A475A" box="[712,786,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) of moderate size; sensory vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE5EBFE337F35475A" box="[1251,1325,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) small, ellipsoidal, 0.2–0.3 times length of third segment, with small opening.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE2DBFDE87E30477F" bold="true" box="[979,1064,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Scutum medium brown except anterolateral calli ochreous, each shoulder, wide portion along each lateral margin and prescutellar area dark brown, with three medium to dark-brown narrow longitudinal vittae (one medial, two submedial), thinly whitishgray pruinose except three dark narrow longitudinal vittae (one medial, two submedial) non-pruinose when illuminated at certain angles, and densely covered with golden-yellow recumbent hairs intermixed with several dark-brown upright hairs on prescutellar area. Other characters of thorax as in female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE59DFD147ED347AD" bold="true" box="[1173,1227,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Color and shape almost as in female except following characters: fore trochanter light brown except base yellow; hind coxa light brown; hind basitarsus mostly grayish though more blackish near base and apex; basal half of hind second tarsomere grayish; fore basitarsus slender, 9.1–9.2 as long as greatest width; hind basitarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE5C2FC887F08461E" box="[1226,1296,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B) enlarged, spindle-shaped, 4.4–4.8 times as long as its greatest width, and 0.9 and 0.8 times as wide as greatest widths of hind tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala well developed, 1.3–1.4 times as long as width in middle, and 0.4 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus moderately developed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE2BEFC6379EB468A" bold="true" box="[950,1011,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. As in female except subcosta bare in one male, one or two hairs in one male, and seven hairs on each wing of one male; length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCAB17CE581FC187EFA46AE" box="[1161,1250,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFCAB17CE5E4FC187F2D46AF" box="[1260,1333,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Halter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE5E4FC187F2D46AF" bold="true" box="[1260,1333,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Halter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Grayish ochreous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE003FC3B7B614152" bold="true" box="[267,377,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal scale brownish-black, with fringe of light to dark-brown long hairs. Dorsal surface of abdominal segments entirely dark brown to brownish-black except base of segment 2 whitish, not shiny, and moderately covered with brassy short hairs interspersed with light brown to black short to long hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE422FBF37F8D411A" bold="true" box="[1322,1429,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Coxite in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE0A9FBA87BFC413E" box="[417,484,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) rectangular, 1.9 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE435FBA87F98413E" box="[1341,1408,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) short, 0.7 times length of coxite, bent inwardly, with outer margin angled medially and with short stout spine apically; style in medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE0E7FB6078294186" box="[495,561,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) gently curved dorsally and nearly parallel-sided; style in ventrolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE197FB037AFA41AA" box="[159,226,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E) broad, nearly parallel-sided from base to slightly beyond middle, then abruptly tapered apically; style in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE033FB387B9D404E" box="[315,389,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) tapered inward, with round apex. Ventral plate in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE5B3FB387F1C404E" box="[1211,1284,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) lamellate, subquadrate, 0.4 times as long as its greatest width, well sclerotized except anteromedian portion weakly sclerotized, with posterior margin slightly concave submedially, and moderately covered with fine short setae on ventral surface except most of lateral portions widely bare; arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE262FA9379B4403A" box="[874,940,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) short, slender, directed anteriorly; ventral plate in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE08EFA487BD140DE" box="[390,457,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G) with ventral margin nearly straight and arm short; ventral plate in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE467FA487ABD4082" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H) with dorsal margin moderately concave, with fine short setae centrally on posterior surface. Median sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE197FA007AFE40A6" box="[159,230,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G, I) simple, club-shaped, narrow and strongly sclerotized except apical portion weakly sclerotized or transparent. Paramere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE093FA237BC6434A" box="[411,478,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J) with six or seven hooks decreasing in length toward apex, of which four hooks are long or medium-long and darkened and rests are small and short (only three or four distinct hooks are recognizable when paramere is viewed caudally). Aedeagal membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE233F9FB79984312" box="[827,896,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K) moderately covered with microsetae; dorsal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE1E8F9907B3D4336" box="[224,293,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K) of broad horizontal band form with medial portion somewhat expanded anteriorly, thin, weakly sclerotized. Ventral surface of tenth segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE39DF9B378CF43DA" box="[661,727,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L, M) without any distinct hairs near each posterolateral corner. Cercus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE1FCF9687B2E43FE" box="[244,310,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L, M) small, rounded and encircled by 8–13 unbranched hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCAB17CE1CFF90B7F85429F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE1CFF90B7B1D43A2" bold="true" box="[199,261,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCAB17CE0ADF90B7BE643A2" box="[421,510,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE301F90B785F43A2" bold="true" box="[521,583,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument yellowish brown, densely covered with round tubercles except most of middle portion of face bare; antennal sheaths bare; frons with one minute seta in female pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE415F9207F474246" box="[1309,1375,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A) or one minute seta and one short seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE32FF8C37870426A" box="[551,616,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) or two short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE26AF8C379BB426A" box="[866,931,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) in male pupae near lateral margin on each side; face with one long unbranched somewhat stout trichome with coiled apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE53EF8F87E61420E" box="[1078,1145,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D) on each side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCAB17CE437F8F87F8C420F" bold="true" box="[1343,1428,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument dark yellow to yellowish brown, densely covered with round tubercles, with three long somewhat stout trichomes with coiled apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE0E1F8B0783342D6" box="[489,555,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E) mediodorsally, two trichomes (one long, somewhat stout, with coiled apex, and one medium-long, slender, with uncoiled apex) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE3F4F86C795942FA" box="[764,833,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) anterolaterally, one medium-long somewhat stout trichome with uncoiled apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE0EFF8087830429E" box="[487,552,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G) mediolaterally, and three short slender trichomes with uncoiled apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCAB17CE467F8087F85429F" box="[1391,1437,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Fig.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCDB17BE19FFF547E264187" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
3H) ventrolaterally on each side; all trichomes unbranched. Gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE293FF5B79F845F2" box="[923,992,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB11042FFCDB17BE2DCFF5479F845F2" box="[980,992,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I–L) with six long thread-like slender filaments, arranged as 2+2+2 filaments in three pairs (inner dorsal, outer dorsal, and ventral), inner dorsal pair almost sessile, outer dorsal pair with short stalk, and ventral pair with short to medium-long stalk 0.4–1.0 times length of interspiracular trunk; common basal stalk short, 0.5–0.6 times length of interspiracular trunk; all filaments tapered toward tip, two filaments of inner dorsal pair longest (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCDB17BE2CBFEEB7E494402" box="[963,1105,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="3.9">3.9–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), nearly as long as or slightly longer than dorsal filament of outer dorsal pair (3.6–5.0 mm), followed by ventral filament of outer dorsal pair which is variable in length (2.0–4.0 mm) (in one pupa, it measures 2.0 mm, much shorter than outer filament of ventral pair, which is usually shortest, as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE382FE5878D444EE" box="[650,716,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB11042FFCDB17BE3B7FE5878D444EE" box="[703,716,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) and two filaments of ventral pair (3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCDB17BE596FE587EE144EE" box="[1182,1273,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), though inner filament slightly longer than outer filament; relative thickness of two filaments of inner dorsal pair, dorsal and ventral filaments of outer dorsal pair and inner and outer filaments of ventral pair 1.0:1.0:0.7–0.8:0.7–0.8:0.7–0.8:0.7; all filaments grayish to blackish-brown and their cuticular surface with welldefined annular ridges and furrows though becoming less distinct near apex, and densely covered with minute tubercles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCDB17BE005FD8B7B634722" bold="true" box="[269,379,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsally, all segments pigmented (segments 1 and 2 grayish brown, and others yellowish except segment 3 partially grayish brown), and densely and elaborately covered with weakly-defined tiny tubercles; segment 1 with one medium-long slender seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE210FD43794047EA" box="[792,856,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
L) and two minute setae medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE5D4FD437F0547EA" box="[1244,1309,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
M) on each side; segment 2 with one medium-long slender seta (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE279FD7879AC478E" box="[881,948,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
L), five short spinous setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE408FD787F5C478E" box="[1280,1348,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
N) near posterior margin and one minute seta (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE3BCFD1B78EB47B2" box="[692,755,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
M) submedially near anterior margin, on each side; segments 3 and 4 each with four hooks and one short spinous seta (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE283FD3079D34656" box="[907,971,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
N) near posterior margin, and one minute seta (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE045FCD37B89467A" box="[333,401,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
M) submedially near anterior margin, on each side; segment 5 with spine-combs directed backward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE01BFC887B4D461E" box="[275,341,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
O) on each side or only on one side, and with four short setae near posterior margin on each side; segments 6–8 each with spine-combs directed backward in transverse row, comb-like groups of minute spines, and two short setae, on each side; segment 9 with pair of distinct horn-shaped terminal hooks, comb-like groups of minute spines near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE526FC637E6E468A" box="[1070,1142,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
P); all setae unbranched. Ventrally, segments 3–8 each with comb-like groups of minute spines; segment 4 with four short unbranched slender setae, of which one somewhat spinous, on each side; segment 5 with pair of bifid hooks submedially and few short slender setae on each side; segment 6 with pair of bifid inner and unbranched outer hooks and few slender short setae on each side; segment 7 with bifid inner hook (lacking outer hook) and few slender short setae on each side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCDB17BE030FBA87B88413F" bold="true" box="[312,400,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE0ABFBA87BF1413E" box="[419,489,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
Q). Wall-pocket-shaped, compactly woven without open spaces in web, thin, with anterior margin somewhat thickly woven, without any bulge or projection on anterodorsal margin, and extending ventrolaterally; individual threads invisible;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCDB17BE380FB6079084186" box="[648,784,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCDB17BE27AFB6079E14186" box="[882,1017,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="3.3499999999999996" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCDB177E1CFFB03787C45B5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCDB17BE1CFFB037B7541AA" bold="true" box="[199,365,1231,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 6.0–7.0 mm. Body whitish yellow, though parts of thoracic segments and abdominal segments 1 and 2 (and also 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFCDB17BE3A5FB3878C4404F" box="[685,732,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
a few larvae) light grayish, with color markings as follows: thoracic segment 1 encircled with vermilion transverse band though disconnected dorsomedially and ventromedially,which is distinctive in one larva and faint in eight other larvae; thoracic segment 3 faintly with vermilion spot on ventral surface; and abdominal segments 2–8 with purplish-brown markings, i.e., segment 2 with small spot on each lateral surface in two larvae, segments 3 and 4 each with one large dorsolateral spot extending and tapering laterally on each side, of which spot on segment 4 is divided into two spots in one larva or three spots in one larva, segments 5–8 each pigmented dorsally and dorsolaterally, though unpigmented dorsomedially to varying extent and leaving pair of small dorsal spots near anterior margin each on segments 5 and 6, and segments 5 and 6 each with one faint narrow mediolongitudinal band and one faint narrow transverse band on ventral surface. Cephalic apotome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE0D1F9FB78074312" box="[473,543,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A) yellow though narrow area along posterior margin darkened, with distinct head spots, of which posterolateral spots fused with darkened area along posterior margin. Lateral surface of head capsule yellow except posterodorsal area along posterior margin darkened, and eye-spot region white; eyebrow distinct, with one dark round spot medially; two large spots and one small spot near posterior margin and two small spots below eye-spot region markedly positive; dorsal large spot fused with darkened posterodorsal area of lateral surface. Ventral surface of head capsule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE368F92078BB4246" box="[608,675,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) yellow with wide light to dark-brown medial area (except narrow area near posterior margin of hypostoma) and dark brown basal area on each side of postgenal cleft; one horizontal and two round spots on each side of postgenal cleft markedly positive. Cervical sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE57DF8F87EAF420E" box="[1141,1207,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A) composed of two small dark elliptical pieces, not fused to occiput, widely separated medially from each other. Antenna consisting of three segments and apical sensillum, much longer than stem of labral fan; proportional lengths of first, second, and third segments 1.0:1.1:0.7. Labral fan with 40–44 main rays. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCDB17BE2FDF86C7E2642FA" box="[1013,1086,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C) with mandibular serrations consisting of two teeth (one large and one small); large tooth making nearly right angle with mandible on apical side; comb-teeth composed of three teeth shortened from first to third; supernumerary serrations absent. Hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCEB178E020F96F7B7243FE" box="[296,362,1699,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with nine apical teeth in row; median and corner teeth well developed; middle tooth of three intermediate teeth on each side shortest; lateral margin nearly smooth or with one or two weakly developed teeth apically; four to six hypostomal bristles lying slightly divergent posteriorly from lateral margin on each side. Postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFCEB178E058F8C37B8E4265" box="[336,406,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E) small, variable in shape, quadrate or rounded or somewhat pointed apically, 0.6–0.7 times length of postgenal bridge. Thoracic cuticle bare; histoblast of pupal gill with six filaments arising from short common basal stalk. Abdominal cuticle bare except both sides of anal sclerite moderately covered with simple colorless setae. Rectal scales present. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with several finger-like secondary lobules (The exact number of secondary lobules was uncountable because the rectal organs were withdrawn in all larvae). Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 1.1–1.3 times length of posterior ones, broadly sclerotized at basal juncture; sensilla absent on and just posterior to basal juncture area; accessory sclerite absent. Last abdominal segment much expanded ventrally forming large ventral papillae. Posterior circlet with 72–74 rows of up to 14 hooklets per row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF70660AFFCCB17AE19FF8DA7ACA42A6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" targetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCCB17AE19FF8DA7ACA42A6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1814,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCCB17AE19FF8DA7B0D4269" bold="true" box="[151,277,1814,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFCCB17AE070F8DA790F426E" box="[376,791,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCCB17AE070F8DA7BC0426E" box="[376,472,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCCB17AE0E1F8DB7869426E" box="[489,625,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">Nevermannia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCCB17AE38BF8DA790F426E" box="[643,791,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFCCB17AE217F8DA796A4269" box="[799,882,1814,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCCB17AE217F8DA796A4269" bold="true" box="[799,882,1814,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C–M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF70660AFFCFB179E19FF9657BED4290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" targetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCFB179E19FF9657BED4290" blockId="6.[151,1436,1705,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCFB179E19FF9657B0B43FC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1705,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFCFB179E067F965791143FD" box="[367,777,1705,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCFB179E067F9657BD743FD" box="[367,463,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCFB179E0D5F966787D43FD" box="[477,613,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Nevermannia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCFB179E37DF965791143FD" box="[629,777,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFCFB179E207F965797843FC" box="[783,864,1705,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCFB179E207F965797843FC" bold="true" box="[783,864,1705,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E–H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D–G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A–C, L–N & H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF70660AFFCEB178E19FF9C87941431A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="562" targetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFCEB178E19FF9C87941431A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1540,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCEB178E19FF9C87B0B435B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1540,1562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFCEB178E0C9F9C879444358" box="[449,860,1540,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCEB178E0C9F9C878394358" box="[449,545,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCEB178E338F9C978A04358" box="[560,696,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">Nevermannia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCEB178E3C0F9C879444358" box="[712,860,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFCEB178E26BF9C979AB4358" box="[867,947,1541,1562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="562" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFCEB178E26BF9C979AB4358" bold="true" box="[867,947,1541,1562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="562">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156509FFC1B177E1CFFEC87F164722" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFEC879A844B7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1CFFEC87B90445F" bold="true" box="[199,392,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48820FFC1B177E1CFFEC87B1A445F" box="[199,258,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48820FFC1B177E095FEC8782D445E" box="[413,565,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
: Female (with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (preserved in 80% ethanol), reared from pupa, collected from a small stream (width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFC1B177E28DFEEB79E1447D" box="[901,1017,295,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFC1B177E546FEE47EDA447D" box="[1102,1218,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 cm</quantity>
|
||
, water temperature 15.0˚C, partially shaded, altitude
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFC1B177E31CFE80786B4426" box="[532,627,332,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="m" value="1540.0">1,540 m</quantity>
|
||
) moderately flowing in hilly coffee plantations about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B67FFC1B177E5D5FE807F3E4426" box="[1245,1318,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
(left side) from the stream of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48820FFC1B177E09DFEBC7BDD44CA" box="[405,453,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E34DFEBC78C244CA" box="[581,730,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phami" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E34DFEBC784B44C5" box="[581,595,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E362FEBD786544CA" box="[618,637,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E39CFEBC78C244CA" box="[660,730,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">phami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFC1B177E3E9FEA3792244CA" box="[737,826,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E3E9FEA3792244CA" bold="true" box="[737,826,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Langbiang, Lac Duong District, Lam Dong Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187612FFC1B177E19FFE587AE144EF" box="[151,249,404,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11042FFC1B177E00EFE587B9344EF" box="[262,395,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" value="2014-04-25">25-IV-2014</date>
|
||
, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun and Z. Ya’cob.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48820FFC1B177E2D0FE587E6F44EE" box="[984,1143,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
: One female, three males (with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (preserved in 80% ethanol), all reared from pupae, and nine mature larvae (all preserved in acetic alcohol), same data as those of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48820FFC1B177E24EFE1079B444B7" box="[838,940,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFE337F164722" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1CFFE337B9A475A" bold="true" box="[199,386,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. The pupae and larvae of this new species were collected from wide leaves and narrow stalks of grasses. Associated species were
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E33FFDE8785D4779" box="[567,581,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E356FDE8791C477E" box="[606,772,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gomphostilbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E356FDE8791C477E" box="[606,772,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E242FDE87E01477E" box="[842,1049,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E242FDE87E01477E" box="[842,1049,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Simulium asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E5DFFDE87F69477E" box="[1239,1393,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phami" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E5DFFDE87EFD4779" box="[1239,1253,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E5F7FDE97F0A477E" box="[1279,1298,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E423FDE87F69477E" box="[1323,1393,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">phami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFC1B177E472FDE87AD04722" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E472FDE87AD04722" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E1F6FD8478F44722" authority="Takaoka and Davies. The" authorityName="Takaoka and Davies. The" box="[254,748,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1F6FD847B14471D" box="[254,268,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E02CFD847B964722" box="[292,398,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E095FD847BD1471D" box="[413,457,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">tani</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka and Davies. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
habit of biting of the females remains unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156509FFC1B177E1CFFDA07B9647EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFDA07B9647EA" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1CFFDA07B5E47C7" bold="true" box="[199,326,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E33AFDA078CD47C6" box="[562,725,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E33AFDA078CD47C6" box="[562,725,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the name of the area, Lang Biang, where this new species was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156509FFC1B177E1CFFD787B1D403A" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFD787B26461E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1CFFD787B2C478F" bold="true" box="[199,308,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E04AFD787892478E" box="[322,650,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E04AFD787BB4478E" box="[322,428,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E0B5FD797BCF478E" box="[445,471,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E0EFFD787892478E" box="[487,650,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFC1B177E39AFD7878F4478F" box="[658,748,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E39AFD7878F4478F" bold="true" box="[658,748,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is readily assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E51AFD787EBC478E" box="[1042,1188,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feuerborni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E51AFD787E384789" box="[1042,1056,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E526FD787EBC478E" box="[1070,1188,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">feuerborni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group, by the combination of the following characteristics: male genitalia with a simple lamellate ventral plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E5EBFD1B7F3F47B2" box="[1251,1319,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C), a short inwardly-twisted style (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E0AAFD307BFF4656" box="[418,487,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E), a simple narrow median sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E282FD3079D74656" box="[906,975,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB11042FFC1B177E2C8FD3079D74656" box="[960,975,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) and several parameral hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E435FD307F9A4656" box="[1341,1410,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[198,1375,204,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[191,1387,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of left maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, right styles (D, medial view; E, ventrolateral view); F, right coxite and style (caudal view); G, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); H, ventral plate (caudal view): I, median sclerite (ventral view); J, left paramere with four distinct hooks and three small hooks (mediocaudal view); K, aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); L & M, right half of tenth abdominal segments with cerci (L, lateral view; M, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A & C – M." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228680/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J); the pupal gill with six long thread-like filaments per side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E22AFCD3797E467A" box="[802,870,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB11042FFC1B177E25FFCEC797E467A" box="[855,870,800,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I); and the larval head with a small short postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E1D0FC887B04461E" box="[216,284,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFCAB79F646E6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E078FCA4787F46C2" box="[368,615,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E078FCA47B9C463D" box="[368,388,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E09FFCA57BB246C2" box="[407,426,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E0CBFCA4787F46C2" box="[451,615,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFC1B177E366FCAB78D246C2" box="[622,714,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E366FCAB78D246C2" bold="true" box="[622,714,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinctive among the members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E5ADFCA47F2146C2" box="[1189,1337,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feuerborni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E5ADFCA47EAB463D" box="[1189,1203,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E5CBFCA47F2146C2" box="[1219,1337,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">feuerborni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
speciesgroup in having the sensory vesicle with a large elliptical opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E28FFC4079DE46E6" box="[903,966,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1434,242,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[158,1444,229,1813]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle bearing enlarged opening (front view); B, middle portion of cibarium with numerous minute processes; C, basitarsus and second tarsomere of left hind leg (outer view); D, claw; E, eighth sternite and ovipositor valve (ventral view; left half); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C; 0.02 mm for A, B & E – I; 0.01 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228679/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFC6378B8413F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
The pupa of this new species is also remarkable in this species-group in having the short common basal stalk, 0.5–0.6 times the length of the interspiracular trunk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E3E9FC18793B46AE" box="[737,803,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[275,1320,204,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[260,1327,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, minute seta on frons in female pupa (front view; left side); B, minute seta and short seta on frons in one male pupa (front view; left side); C, two short setae on frons in another male pupa (front view; left side); D, facial trichome; E – H, thoracic trichomes (E, dorsomedial; F, anterolateral; G, mediolateral, H, ventrolateral); I, right gill filaments (dorsal view); J, basal portion of right gill (dorsal view); K, basal portion of left gill and anterior portion of thorax with interspiracular trunk shown in broken like (outer view); L, medium-long seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; M, minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; N, short spinous seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; O, spine-comb on left side of abdominal segment 5; P, dorsal surface of abdominal segment 9 with terminal hook, comb-like groups of minute spines directed posteriorly near anterior margin and minute tubercles scattered medially (left half); Q, cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for Q; 0.2 mm for I; 0.1 mm for J & K; 0.02 mm for D – G, O & P; 0.01 mm for A – C, L – N & H." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228681/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
K).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E245FC187ED346AF" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[845,1227,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepnevae" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E245FC1879AF46AE" box="[845,951,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E2CFFC1979C246AE" box="[967,986,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E2F8FC187E4C46AE" box="[1008,1108,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">lepnevae</emphasis>
|
||
(Rubtsov)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187612FFC1B177E405FC187F8446AF" box="[1293,1436,980,1005]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Tadzhikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B73FFC1B177E196FC3B7B594152" author="Rubtsov" box="[158,321,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refString="Rubtsov, I. A. (1956) Blackflies (Simuliidae). Fauna of the USSR, 2 nd Edition, New Series 61, Diptera 6 (6), i - xxviii + 1 - 1042. [Academy of Science, USSR, Moscow and Leningrad (translated from Russian in 1989 by Amerind Publication Co. Pot. Ltd., Delhi, India)]" type="journal article" year="1956">Rubtsov 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E05DFC34797D4152" authority="Takaoka & Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka & Choochote" box="[341,869,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiangklangense" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E05DFC347B7B414D" box="[341,355,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E073FC357B964152" box="[379,398,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E0ADFC34787A4152" box="[421,610,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">chiangklangense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Choochote
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187612FFC1B177E2A3FC3B7E174152" box="[939,1039,1015,1040]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B73FFC1B177E515FC3B7F784152" author="Takaoka" box="[1053,1376,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refString="Takaoka, H. & Choochote, W. (2005) Two new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from northern Thailand. Tropical Medicine and Health, 33, 133 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2149 / tmh. 33.133" type="journal article" year="2005">Takaoka & Choochote 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E19FFBD07BE34177" authority="Takaoka & Saito" authorityName="Takaoka & Saito" box="[151,507,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izuense" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E19FFBD07ABD4171" box="[151,165,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1B4FBD17AD74176" box="[188,207,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1EEFBD17B214176" box="[230,313,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">izuense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Saito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187612FFC1B177E336FBD178664176" box="[574,638,1053,1076]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B73FFC1B177E384FBD079944177" author="Takaoka" box="[652,908,1052,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refString="Takaoka, H. & Saito, K. (2005) A new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) from Izu Islands, Japan (Diptera: Simuliidae). Medical Entomology and Zoology, 56, 309 - 317." type="journal article" year="2005">Takaoka & Saito 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also have the short common basal stalk of the pupal gill filaments. However, all three species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E221FB8C7E04411A" box="[809,1052,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langbiangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E221FB8C792F4115" box="[809,823,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E246FB8D7979411A" box="[846,865,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E270FB8C7E04411A" box="[888,1052,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">langbiangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857EBFFC1B177E52AFBF37E63411A" box="[1058,1147,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E52AFBF37E63411A" bold="true" box="[1058,1147,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the pupa by the ventral paired filaments with an extremely short stalk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03682FFC1B177E1CFFB4B7B1D403A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
|
||
The mature larva of this new species has reddish-brown markings on the abdomen as in most known species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E1CFFB607B474186" box="[199,351,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feuerborni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1CFFB607ACD4181" box="[199,213,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E1E1FB607B474186" box="[233,351,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">feuerborni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group, but appears to be distinguished from other species by the relatively larger postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A07FFC1B177E044FB037B8941AA" box="[332,401,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,205,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mature larva of Simulium (Nevermannia) langbiangense sp. nov. A, head capsule (dorsal view); B, head capsule with small postgenal cleft (ventral view); C, apical portion of mandible; D, hypostoma (ventral view); E, postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for A, B & E; 0.02 mm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228682/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), which is 0.6–0.7 times as long as the postgenal bridge. The length ratio of the postgenal cleft against the postgenal bridge of most species of this group is 0.3–0.5 except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E512FB387AC64072" authority="Takaoka, Thapa & Henry" authorityName="Takaoka, Thapa & Henry" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subratai" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E512FB387E304049" box="[1050,1064,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E537FB397E4A404E" box="[1087,1106,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E561FB387EDE404E" box="[1129,1222,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">subratai</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka, Thapa & Henry
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187612FFC1B177E096FADB7BC24072" box="[414,474,1303,1328]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which has a relatively larger postgenal cleft (the ratio is 0.7) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B73FFC1B177E5A1FADB7F884072" author="Takaoka" box="[1193,1424,1303,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refString="Takaoka, H., Thapa, S. & Henry, W. (2011) A new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) with an entirely yellow thorax from Darjeeling, India. Zootaxa, 2824, 62 - 68." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Takaoka
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E41AFAD57F5D4072" box="[1298,1349,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D01FFC1B177E002FAF07BAF4016" box="[266,439,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subratai" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E002FAF07B004011" box="[266,280,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E038FAF17B5B4016" box="[304,323,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA90FFC1B177E052FAF07BAF4016" box="[346,439,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">subratai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from this new species by lacking purplish-brown markings on the larval abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |