396 lines
58 KiB
XML
396 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="487F4EEF4462ED0BBA99A7B67B5B44BE" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0091:LDOESO]2.0.CO;2" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10104898" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630171519151" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Ratcliffe, Brett C. & Morón, Miguel-Angel" docDate="2005" docId="03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X_2005_059_0091_LDOESO_2.0.CO_2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 59 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2005)059[0091:ldoeso]2.0.co;2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8F272F586C426DAD54565EB2271A6C17.2:TheColeopBull.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="8F272F586C426DAD54565EB2271A6C17" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Megasoma elephas" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="FFD40A168A103B06F37CFF9DB947FF9E" masterDocTitle="Larval Descriptions Of Eight Species Of Megasoma Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) With A Key For Identification And Notes On Biology" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1699631449810" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="80690697F0643909AFD3B3D9355C933E">Larval Descriptions Of Eight Species Of Megasoma Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) With A Key For Identification And Notes On Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2BDEA699B30759DC1600B861229D5D0D">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8CC9617E8E4586C0EE60BB26743E59D2">Morón, Miguel-Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B5AD6414A4103B16889A376B11A6CB49">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F65BB6DDBAC80A7CEA7990A865A55209">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2B987829B23AA3C6860EB6DDA28C83D6">
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<mods:date id="41FBF4AB161D3BC54F045E29D7F5E64F">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1474B978F1D2DA83DAB35CE74735F90B">2005-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BB69115C688995FE4F1B3CE167C662B4">59</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0AE43C044E59FE45A05E8656CC215BE5" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0091:LDOESO]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="C35E90F38A033B15F2FEFE3CBB34FE4F" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A033B15F2FEFE3CBB34FE4F" blockId="19.[386,738,417,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A033B15F2FEFE3CBBA5FE28" bold="true" box="[386,738,417,438]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A033B15F2FEFE3CBB07FE28" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[386,576,417,438]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
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<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A033B15F2FEFE3CBB07FE28" bold="true" box="[386,576,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(F.), 3rd instar
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F284FE21BB2AFE4F" box="[504,621,444,465]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionStartId-1="21.[169,200,1147,1166]" captionStartId-2="22.[197,228,589,608]" captionStartId-3="23.[169,200,1107,1126]" captionStartId-4="24.[197,228,840,859]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetBox-1="[148,979,195,1125]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,1007,195,568]" captionTargetBox-4="[175,1007,194,819]" captionTargetId-0="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetId-1="figure-234@21.[148,980,194,1126]" captionTargetId-2="figure-433@22.[175,1007,194,568]" captionTargetId-4="figure-302@24.[175,1007,194,819]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-4="24" captionText-0="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 77. Megasoma elephas, third instar, lateral view. Bar ¼ 10 mm. Setal pattern simplified." captionText-2="Fig. 78. Megasoma elephas, male pupa, lateral view. Bar ¼ 10 mm." captionText-3="Fig. 79. Megasoma elephas, adult male habitus." captionText-4="Fig. 80. Adult male Megasoma elephas from Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by M. A. Morón." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104928" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104930" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104932" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10104928/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10104930/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10104932/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Figs. 67–80</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E90F38A033B1EF3D0FE79B8CCFA29" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A033B15F3D0FE79B82CFD06" blockId="19.[148,977,484,664]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">
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Description based on three third instar larvae reared from eggs laid by female collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A033B15F26DFE62B81AFD8A" box="[273,349,511,532]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">México</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A033B15F217FE62B8B1FD8A" box="[363,502,511,532]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
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, Felipe Carrillo Puerto,
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<date id="FFFAE5B88A033B15F191FE62BA20FD8A" box="[749,871,511,532]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" value="1984-12-26">26-XII-1984</date>
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, O. Canul (IEXA); one cast skin of third instar larva with same data (IEXA); two third instar larvae collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A033B15F264FDA9B823FDD7" box="[280,356,564,585]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">México</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A033B15F209FDA9B883FDD7" box="[373,452,564,585]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
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, Ocosingo, Yaxchilán, 27/
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<date id="FFFAE5B88A033B15F1A0FDA9BA02FDD7" box="[732,837,564,585]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" value="1981-05-28">28-V-1981</date>
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, 120–
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<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A033B15F0FAFDA9BA8AFDD7" box="[902,973,564,585]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
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, E. Fuentes (IEXA); one cast skin of third instar larva reared to pupa, collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A033B15F3E8FDF4B9A7FDE0" box="[148,224,617,638]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">México</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A033B15F389FDF4B803FDE0" box="[245,324,617,638]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
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, Cacaohatán, Finca San José de la Victoria,
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<date id="FFFAE5B88A033B15F037FDF4BA8AFDE0" box="[843,973,617,638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" value="1981-08-31">31-VIII-1981</date>
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, J. Valenzuela (IEXA).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A033B12F3D5FD30BAABF9BC" blockId="19.[148,978,685,1565]" lastBlockId="20.[175,1006,1456,1570]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A033B15F3D5FD30B850FD5E" bold="true" box="[169,279,685,704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A033B15F262FD30B814FD5E" box="[286,339,685,704]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Head.</emphasis>
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Maximum width of head capsule
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<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A033B15F105FD30BBBFFD5E" box="[633,760,685,704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="19" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="16.4" valueMax="17.2" valueMin="15.6">15.6–17.2 mm</quantity>
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. Surface of cranium dark brown to black, coarsely rugopunctate, punctures deep. Frons uniformly punctate (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F025FD58BADEFD46" box="[857,921,709,728]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
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), each side with 4 posterior frontal setae, 70–80 anterior frontal setae, 3 exterior frontal setae, 6–7 centrolateral setae, and 6 anterior angle frontal setae; remaining cranial surface with 4 dorsoepicranial, short setae, 45–60 epicranial setae, and 8–10 paraocellar setae on each side. Clypeus trapezoidal, with 2 lateral setae on each side, 10–12 anterior setae, 40–50 discal setae, and 10–12 posterior clypeal setae. Labrum slightly asymmetrical, rounded at sides, with 4–6 scattered, anterior labral setae, 10 posterior setae, 4–5 central setae, and 4–5 lateral setae on each side. Ocelli vaguely indicated. Epipharynx (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F2DEFCF1B8A7FCE1" box="[418,480,876,895]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
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) with fused zygum and epizygum forming strongly raised, nearly longitudinal, sclerotized tubercle on haptomerum; heli and plegmatia absent; right chaetoparia with mixture of 92–120 spine-like setae and 25–35 sensillae; left chaetoparia with mixture of 70–90 spine-like setae and sensillae; acroparia with 6–10 straight, long, thick setae on right side and 4–6 straight, long, thick setae on left side; both acanthoparia with vaguely indicated, abraded tormae of 8–9 setae; both gymnoparia wide, sclerotized, abraded; pedium wide, epitorma poorly defined; dexiotorma wide, angular, with enlarged and narrowed inner side; laeotorma with enlarged and narrowed inner side, and widely rounded pternotorma; dexiophoba formed by 8–12 setae located near haptolochus; laeophoba between haptolachus and inner side of laeotorma formed by 10–16 setae; sclerotized plate or right nesium elongate, strongly sclerotized and strongly raised; sense cone of left nesium represented by large, longitudinal, well-sclerotized plate with rounded anterior side and truncate posterior side; crepis indicated by weak, poorly sclerotized shallow sulcus. Scissorial area of right mandible (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F28BFB16BB71FB00" box="[503,566,1163,1182]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
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) slightly abraded, with 3 scissorial teeth clearly separated by notches or sinuses, and 1 basal, rounded tooth; molar area with 3 poorly defined lobes, calx prominent, brustia sparse. Scissorial area of left mandible (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F1C5FB26BBBFFB50" box="[697,760,1211,1230]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
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) slightly abraded, with 3 scissorial teeth vaguely separated by notches or sinuses, and 1 basal wide, rounded tooth; molar area with 2 wide lobes, brustia sparse, acia short with rounded apex. Stridulatory area of each mandible well-marked by almost 35–40 fine striae. Mala (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F15BFA9EBB23FA88" box="[551,612,1283,1302]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
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) with apical uncus of galea well-developed with 3 conical unci fused at their bases at apex of lacinia; maxillary stridulatory area (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F01FFA86BAE7FAB0" box="[867,928,1307,1326]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
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) with irregular row of 8 wide, truncated or rounded teeth, and wide, truncate anterior process. Labium (
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<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F3E6FAD7B99FFAC3" box="[154,216,1354,1373]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
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) with numerous long, strong setae located near sides and short, spine-like setae at middle and proximal border; hypopharynx with right anterior lateral process of hypopharyngeal sclerome moderately developed, raised, curved, heavily sclerotized; left hypopharyngeal lateral lobe with patch of 8–10 posterior lateral short setae, and 1 line of 20 slender setae. Last antennal segment on dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F262FA37B827FA23" box="[286,352,1450,1469]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 8–10 sensory spots; ventral surface with 10–12 spots.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A033B15F0F2FA37BA8CFA23" box="[910,971,1450,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with wide, irregular, reddish brown, lateral scleromes, each with row of 20–25 long setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A033B15F3E6FA47B990FA73" box="[154,215,1498,1517]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[169,200,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[148,979,195,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-234@21.[148,980,194,1126]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 77. Megasoma elephas, third instar, lateral view. Bar ¼ 10 mm. Setal pattern simplified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104928/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="110">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) and about 70–80 long, slender setae near anterior and posterior borders, setae not arranged in definite rows. Mesonotum with transverse group of 48–52 long, slender setae, 80–90 long, slender setae in irregular rows, and 1 group of 40–45 slender setae on each side; metanotum with 2 transverse groups of 40–50 long, slender setae, and 44–52 long, slender setae arranged in irregular row. Thoracic spiracles
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A043B12F2F9FA5AB8A8FA44" box="[389,495,1479,1498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A043B12F133FA5ABB89FA44" box="[591,718,1479,1498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.475" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="20" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="2.475" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.25">2.25–2.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; lobes of respiratory plate contiguous, directed posteriorly. Spiracular bulla rounded, convex, irregular, scarcely prominent. Tarsal claws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A043B12F25AFA6AB823F994" box="[294,356,1527,1546]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar on all legs, with rounded apex, each bearing 2 internal, long, thick, basal setae and 2 external, long, thick, preapical setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F102F992BB89F9BC" box="[638,718,1551,1570]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum of segment I with 1 row
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B93F08A043B12F3B9FB6FB808FAE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="111" startId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" targetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A043B12F3B9FB6FB808FAE3" blockId="20.[175,1005,1266,1406]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F3B9FB6FB877FA9B" bold="true" box="[197,304,1266,1285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">Figs. 67–75.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A043B12F239FB6FB8A0FA9B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[325,487,1266,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F239FB6FB8A0FA9B" box="[325,487,1266,1285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F125FB6FBB32FA9B" bold="true" box="[601,629,1266,1285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">67)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F058FB6FBA07FA9B" bold="true" box="[804,832,1266,1285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">68)</emphasis>
|
||
epipharynx;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F0CCFB6FBAABFA9B" bold="true" box="[944,1004,1266,1285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">69–70)</emphasis>
|
||
mandibles, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F2F4FA97B8E2FA83" bold="true" box="[392,421,1290,1309]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">69)</emphasis>
|
||
right and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F17CFA97BB5BFA83" bold="true" box="[512,540,1290,1309]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">70)</emphasis>
|
||
left;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F137FA97BB20FA83" bold="true" box="[587,615,1290,1309]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">71)</emphasis>
|
||
right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F3D3FABFB98BFAAB" bold="true" box="[175,204,1314,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">72)</emphasis>
|
||
detail of maxillary stridulatory area;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F165FABFBB72FAAB" bold="true" box="[537,565,1314,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">73)</emphasis>
|
||
distal segment of antenna, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F0DCFABFBAFBFAAB" bold="true" box="[928,956,1314,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">74)</emphasis>
|
||
right posterior tarsal claw, external view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F293FAA7BB4CFAD3" bold="true" box="[495,523,1338,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">75)</emphasis>
|
||
second right abdominal spiracle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F049FAA7BA3CFAD3" bold="true" box="[821,891,1338,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">Fig. 76.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A043B12F0ECFAA7B9A8FAFB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F0ECFAA7B9A8FAFB" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F052FACCBA79FAF8" bold="true" box="[814,830,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">¼</emphasis>
|
||
1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A043B12F38DFAF4B846FAE0" bold="true" box="[241,257,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="111">¼</emphasis>
|
||
0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A053B13F3E8FF1DBA4DFF0D" blockId="21.[148,180,128,147]" box="[148,778,128,147]" lastBlockId="21.[347,778,128,147]" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">112 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 59(1), 2005</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B93F08A053B13F3D5FBE6BA95FB10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10104928" box="[169,978,1146,1167]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104928/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="112" startId="21.[169,200,1147,1166]" targetBox="[148,979,195,1125]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A053B13F3D5FBE6BA95FB10" blockId="21.[169,978,1146,1167]" box="[169,978,1146,1167]" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A053B13F3D5FBE6B9AAFB10" bold="true" box="[169,237,1147,1166]" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">Fig. 77.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A053B13F27EFBE6B8E2FB10" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[258,421,1147,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A053B13F27EFBE6B8E2FB10" box="[258,421,1147,1166]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar, lateral view. Bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A053B13F1D6FBE7BBFDFB11" bold="true" box="[682,698,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">¼</emphasis>
|
||
10 mm. Setal pattern simplified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A053B10F3E8FB5CB860FC53" blockId="21.[148,978,1217,1570]" lastBlockId="22.[175,1005,667,973]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">
|
||
of 70–75 mixed, medium sized and long, slender setae, and 1 row of 140–150 long, slender setae. Dorsum of segment II with 1 transverse group of 70–80 long, slender setae mixed with 130–140 short, spine-like setae, 1 transverse group of 12–14 long, slender setae mixed with 80–90 short, spine-like setae, and 1 transverse group of 100–120 long, slender setae mixed with 140–160 short, spine-like setae. Dorsa of segments III–VI each with 1 transverse group of 30–32 long, slender setae mixed with 120–130 short, spine-like setae, 1 transverse group of 6–8 long, slender setae mixed with 70–80 short, spine-like setae, and 1 transverse group of 50–56 long, slender setae mixed with 140–150 short, spine-like setae. Dorsum of segment VII with 1 transverse group of 120–130 long, slender setae mixed with 130–140 short, spine-like setae, and 1 transverse group of 60–70 long, slender setae mixed with 70–80 short, spine-like setae. Dorsum of segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A053B13F042FA05BA3CFA35" box="[830,891,1432,1451]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="112">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 12– 14 long, slender setae on each side, 8–10 long, slender setae near anterior border, 70–76 long, slender setae near posterior border, and more than 200 short, spine-like setae widely distributed. Dorsum of segment IX with longitudinal rugosities and 12 long, slender setae near anterior border, 20 long, slender setae on each side, 50–60 long, slender setae near posterior border, and more than 250 short, spine-like setae widely distributed. Dorsum of segment X with 20 long, slender setae near posterior border, 8 medium sized, slender setae scattered at center, and more than 160 short, spine-like setae widely distributed. Venter of abdominal segments I–VI each with irregular rows of 40–50 mixed, long and short, slender setae; venter of segments VII–VIII each with irregular rows of 40–45 mixed, long and medium sized, slender setae; venter of segment IX with groups of 50–60 mixed, long and medium sized, slender setae on each side. Raster without pallidia and septula, with 4–6 medium sized, slender setae on campus, teges formed by 32–35 short, slender setae; cuticle clearly rugose. Barbula formed by 22–25 long, slender setae. Lower anal lip with about 80–86 mixed, long and medium sized, slender setae. Upper anal lip with 260–280 mixed, short and medium length and short, spine-like setae. Spiracles of segments I–VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A063B10F052FCC6BA2AFCF0" box="[814,877,859,878]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[169,200,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[148,979,195,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-234@21.[148,980,194,1126]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 77. Megasoma elephas, third instar, lateral view. Bar ¼ 10 mm. Setal pattern simplified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104928/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) progressively enlarged (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F27EFCEEB839FC18" box="[258,382,883,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.1">2.10–2.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F2CFFCEEBB69FC18" box="[435,558,883,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="1.875" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.35">1.35–2.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide); lobes of respiratory plate contiguous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A063B10F0D5FCEEBAA1FC18" box="[937,998,883,902]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[197,236,1266,1285]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-75@20.[175,1007,194,1245]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 67–75. Megasoma elephas, third instar. 67) Head, frontal view; 68) epipharynx; 69–70) mandibles, ventral view; 69) right and 70) left; 71) right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal view; 72) detail of maxillary stridulatory area; 73) distal segment of antenna, dorsal view; 74) right posterior tarsal claw, external view; 75) second right abdominal spiracle. Fig. 76. Megasoma elephas, first instar, second right abdominal spiracle. Figs. 67–71, 75, bar ¼ 1 mm. Figs. 72–74, 76, bar ¼ 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104926/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
|
||
) directed anteriorly. Spiracular bulla convex, irregularly rounded, weakly prominent; respiratory plate with about 90–95 irregular shaped holes across any diameter. Approximate dorsal body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F3D3FC27B864FC53" box="[175,291,954,973]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="175.0" valueMax="225.0" valueMin="125.0">125–225 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B93F08A063B10F3B9FDD0BA67FDFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10104930" box="[197,800,588,609]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" startId="22.[197,228,589,608]" targetBox="[175,1007,195,568]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A063B10F3B9FDD0BA67FDFE" blockId="22.[197,800,588,609]" box="[197,800,588,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F3B9FDD0B84EFDFE" bold="true" box="[197,265,589,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Fig. 78.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A063B10F262FDD0B885FDFE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[286,450,589,608]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F262FDD0B885FDFE" box="[286,450,589,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male pupa, lateral view. Bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F1BBFDD1BB90FDFF" bold="true" box="[711,727,588,609]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">¼</emphasis>
|
||
10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A063B10F3BBFC42BB56FBB4" blockId="22.[175,1005,991,1570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F3BBFC42B8E5FC6A" bold="true" box="[199,418,991,1012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Second-instar Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2CC9258A063B10F2D2FC7DBB4AFBB4" collectingDate="1984-12-26" collectionCode="IEXA" collectorName="O. Canul" country="Mexico" location="Felipe Carrillo Puerto" municipality="Based" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9F59028A063B10F2D2FC7DB8AFFC6B" box="[430,488,992,1013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Based</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
on one second-instar larva reared from egg laid by female collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A063B10F209FC67B886FB91" box="[373,449,1018,1039]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A063B10F2B2FC67BB1EFB91" box="[462,601,1018,1039]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E9B95A38A063B10F11BFC67BA78FB91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D:8E9B95A38A063B10F11BFC67BA78FB91" box="[615,831,1018,1039]" country="Mexico" municipality="Based" name="Felipe Carrillo Puerto" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">Felipe Carrillo Puerto</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A063B10F031FC67BA80FB91" box="[845,967,1018,1039]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" value="1984-12-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBE1C508A063B10F031FC67BA80FB91" box="[845,967,1018,1039]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" value="1984-12-26">26-XII-1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B1A6AE8A063B10F0A9FC67B9ADFBB4" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">O. Canul</collectorName>
|
||
, fixed at 97 days age (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED555BBD8A063B10F2B5FB88BB40FBB4" box="[457,519,1045,1066]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">IEXA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A063B10F3BBFBB2BB7EFAAD" blockId="22.[175,1005,991,1570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F3BBFBB2B804FBDA" bold="true" box="[199,323,1071,1092]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to third-instar larva except as follows: maximum width of head capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F27FFBD7B812FBC1" box="[259,341,1098,1119]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ocelli vaguely indicated. Epipharynx with 8–9 plegmatia finely marked; acroparia with 7–8 straight, long, thick setae on right side, and 4 straight, medium sized, thick setae on left side; both acanthoparia with 10 short, curved, spinelike setae. Scissorial area of both mandibles with teeth more clearly defined. Last antennal segment with 9–13 dorsal sensory spots. Dorsal and lateral vestiture of thoracic and abdominal segments with distinctive, long, slender setae. Prothoracic spiracles 1.0 mm wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F243FB74B8D1FB60" box="[319,406,1257,1278]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Abdominal spiracles slightly enlarged toward posterior segments (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F268FA99B82DFA87" box="[276,362,1284,1305]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F2D6FA99BB73FA87" box="[426,564,1284,1305]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). Tarsal claws with 4 long, slender setae. Approximate dorsal body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F292FA83BB72FAAD" box="[494,565,1310,1331]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A063B10F3BBFAA4B88CFA1D" blockId="22.[175,1005,991,1570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F3BBFAA4B8CFFAD0" bold="true" box="[199,392,1337,1358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">First-instar Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2CC9258A063B10F2E9FAA4B880FA1D" collectingDate="1984-12-26" collectionCode="IEXA" collectorName="O. Canul" country="Mexico" location="Felipe Carrillo Puerto" municipality="Based" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9F59028A063B10F2E9FAA4B888FAD0" box="[405,463,1337,1358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Based</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
on one first-instar larva reared from egg laid by female collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A063B10F257FAC9B830FAF7" box="[299,375,1364,1385]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A063B10F2F9FAC9BB57FAF7" box="[389,528,1364,1385]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E9B95A38A063B10F162FAC9BBB1FAF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D:8E9B95A38A063B10F162FAC9BBB1FAF7" box="[542,758,1364,1385]" country="Mexico" municipality="Based" name="Felipe Carrillo Puerto" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">Felipe Carrillo Puerto</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A063B10F078FAC9BA39FAF7" box="[772,894,1364,1385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" value="1984-12-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBE1C508A063B10F078FAC9BA39FAF7" box="[772,894,1364,1385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" value="1984-12-26">26-XII-1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B1A6AE8A063B10F0F0FAC9BAAEFAF7" box="[908,1001,1364,1385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">O. Canul</collectorName>
|
||
, fixed at 12 days age (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED555BBD8A063B10F2FEFAF3B887FA1D" box="[386,448,1390,1411]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">IEXA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A063B11F3BBFA15BA4DFF0D" blockId="22.[175,1005,991,1570]" lastBlockId="23.[347,778,128,147]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A063B10F3BBFA15B804FA03" bold="true" box="[199,323,1416,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="113">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to second-instar larva except as follows: maximum width of head capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F24CFA3EB83AFA26" box="[304,381,1443,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Scissorial area of left mandible with second tooth large, dorsally outstanding; scissorial area of right mandible with second tooth triangular, dorsally outstanding. Last antennal segment with 8–9 dorsal sensory spots. Sclerotized plates on sides of pronotum absent. Eclosion spine on each side of metanotum small, conical, surrounded by 4 short, slender setae. Thoracic spiracles
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F1B5F990BA59F9BC" box="[713,798,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A063B10F01CF990BAF2F9BC" box="[864,949,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="22" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. 114 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 59(1), 2005
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B93F08A073B11F3D5FBCEBB10FBF9" box="[169,599,1107,1127]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" startId="23.[169,200,1107,1126]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A073B11F3D5FBCEBB10FBF9" blockId="23.[169,599,1107,1127]" box="[169,599,1107,1127]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A073B11F3D5FBCEB9AAFBF8" bold="true" box="[169,237,1107,1126]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Fig. 79.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A073B11F27FFBC9B8E1FBF9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[259,422,1108,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A073B11F27FFBC9B8E1FBF9" box="[259,422,1108,1127]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A073B11F3E8FB04BB39FB57" blockId="23.[148,978,1177,1570]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Abdominal spiracles similar in size:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A073B11F294FB04BB7BFB30" box="[488,572,1177,1198]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A073B11F106FB04BB89FB30" box="[634,718,1177,1198]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, without definite bulla (Fig. 76). Approximate dorsal body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A073B11F148FB29BB3CFB57" box="[564,635,1204,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A073B11F3D0FB53BA1CFA87" blockId="23.[148,978,1177,1570]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A073B11F3D0FB53B865FB7D" bold="true" box="[172,290,1230,1251]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Male Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2CC9258A073B11F252FB52BA08FB60" collectingDate="1981-08-31" collectorName="Based & Finca San Jose de la Victoria" country="Mexico" location="Finca San Jose de la Victoria" municipality="Cacaohatan" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
|
||
<collectorName id="26B1A6AE8A073B11F252FB52B82FFB7A" box="[302,360,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Based</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4208F18A073B11F2F3FB52B8A1FB7A" box="[399,486,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" type="pupa">one pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
reared from third instar larva collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A073B11F0FEFB52BA89FB7A" box="[898,974,1231,1252]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A073B11F3E8FB74B9A4FB60" box="[148,227,1257,1278]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9F59028A073B11F390FB74B81AFB60" box="[236,349,1257,1278]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Cacaohatán</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B1A6AE8A073B11F21AFB74BB3BFB60" box="[358,636,1257,1278]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<location id="8E9B95A38A073B11F21AFB74BB3BFB60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D:8E9B95A38A073B11F21AFB74BB3BFB60" box="[358,636,1257,1278]" country="Mexico" municipality="Cacaohatan" name="Finca San Jose de la Victoria" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Chiapas">Finca San José de la Victoria</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A073B11F1F9FB74BA40FB60" box="[645,775,1257,1278]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" value="1981-08-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBE1C508A073B11F1F9FB74BA40FB60" box="[645,775,1257,1278]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" value="1981-08-31">
|
||
31-VIII-
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A073B11F1ABFB74BA40FB60" box="[727,775,1257,1278]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9818" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1981800.0">1981</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 800 m
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, coffee-cacao plantation, J. Valenzuela, pupated
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A073B11F29FFA99BB12FA87" box="[483,597,1284,1305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" value="1982-06-27">27-VI-1982</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2CC9258A073B11F11CFA99BA10FA87" box="[608,855,1284,1305]" collectingDate="1982-07-01" collectionCode="IEXA" country="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
|
||
fixed
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A073B11F1E4FA99BA43FA87" box="[664,772,1284,1305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" value="1982-07-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBE1C508A073B11F1E4FA99BA43FA87" box="[664,772,1284,1305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114" value="1982-07-01">1-VII-1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED555BBD8A073B11F06EFA99BA17FA87" box="[786,848,1284,1305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">IEXA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A073B1EF3D0FA83BA56FAAC" blockId="23.[148,978,1177,1570]" lastBlockId="24.[175,1005,937,1569]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A073B11F3D0FA83B86FFAAD" bold="true" box="[172,296,1310,1331]" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body shape elongate, oval, stout, exarate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137FDFFD8A073B11F1BAFA83BA49FAAD" box="[710,782,1310,1331]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[197,228,589,608]" captionTargetBox="[175,1007,195,568]" captionTargetId="figure-433@22.[175,1007,194,568]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 78. Megasoma elephas, male pupa, lateral view. Bar ¼ 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104930/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color dark reddish orange. Entire body with fine, velvety-gold vestiture.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A073B11F1CBFAA4BBB5FAD0" box="[695,754,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Bent sharply beneath thorax, mouthparts directed ventrally; antennae, mandibles, palpi and eye canthus recognizable. Compound eyes sunken, scarcely visible. Frontoclypeus with strong, wide, massive horn-like structure bent upward at distal third, apex widely forked in rounded branches, and anterior surface with fine, transverse ridges. Anterior border of clypeus truncate, with rounded borders.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A073B11F16AFA23BB32FA4D" box="[534,629,1470,1491]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="114">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
: Form nearly transverse, with wide, anteromedial, rounded tubercle, surface finely annulate and with transverse ridges and granules on surface. Each anterolateral border with large, semiconical projection directed obliquely forward, with annulate, fine ridges on surface. Pterothecae closely appressed, curving ventrally around body, extending posteriorly to abdominal segment II or III.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF274FC59B872FC47" box="[264,309,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Protibia with 3 projections on exterior border. Mesotibia with 2 small tubercles on external side, and 2 apical, rounded tubercles. Metatibia with 3 small, rounded projection on external side, and 2 apical, rounded tubercles. Tarsomeres delineated, protarsi longer that meso- and metatarsi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF1BEFB89BA5BFBB7" box="[706,796,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: 9 segments visible. Spiracles of segment I hidden by wing theca and by oblique fold; spiracles on segments II–IV elongate, annulate, sclerotized, pigmented, directed cephalad; spiracles on segments V–VII occluded, rosetiform, not sclerotized or pigmented; spiracle on segment VIII absent. Tergal area of segments I–VI with 6 pairs of deep and wide dioneiform organs or ‘‘gin traps’’ (each
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A083B1EF2BBFB05BB5FFB33" box="[455,536,1176,1197]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
width). Tergum VII with 1 pair of less marked dioneiform organs on anterior border. Tergum VIII with 2 ovate, transverse, deep impressions toward basolateral border. Posterior border of terga VII–VIII with rows of small, rounded tubercles. Last segment with 2 symmetrical, fleshy, ventrolateral folds covered by dense, fine, golden vestiture. Last sternite and genital ampulla partially hidden by folds. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A083B1EF2ACFA80BB50FAAC" box="[464,535,1309,1330]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="88.0">88 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum width
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A083B1EF1BAFA80BA4AFAAC" box="[710,781,1309,1330]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B93F08A083B1EF3B9FCD5B9B7FCED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10104932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10104932/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" startId="24.[197,228,840,859]" targetBox="[175,1007,194,819]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A083B1EF3B9FCD5BAAAFCC5" blockId="24.[175,1005,840,883]" box="[197,1005,840,859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF3B9FCD5B84EFCC5" bold="true" box="[197,265,840,859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Fig. 80.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A083B1EF2F8FCD5BB60FCC5" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[388,551,840,859]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF2F8FCD5BB60FCC5" box="[388,551,840,859]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Megasoma elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by M. A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A083B1EF3D3FCFDB9B7FCED" blockId="24.[175,1005,840,883]" box="[175,240,864,883]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Morón.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A083B1EF3BBFAAABA9BFAF9" blockId="24.[175,1005,937,1569]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF3BBFAAAB813FAD2" bold="true" box="[199,340,1335,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Female Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2CC9258A083B1EF21CFAA5BA9FFAF9" collectingDate="1984-12-26" collectingDateMax="1985-01-22" collectingDateMin="1984-12-26" collectionCode="IEXA" collectorName="O. Canul" country="Mexico" location="Based" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">
|
||
<location id="8E9B95A38A083B1EF21CFAA5B8DDFAD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED726E8A033B1FF2FEFE3CBA4DFF0D:8E9B95A38A083B1EF21CFAA5B8DDFAD3" box="[352,410,1336,1357]" country="Mexico" name="Based" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">Based</location>
|
||
on cast skin of pupa reared from egg laid
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A083B1EF056FAA5BACFFAD3" box="[810,904,1336,1357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" value="1985-01-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBE1C508A083B1EF056FAA5BACFFAD3" box="[810,904,1336,1357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" value="1985-01-22">22-I-1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by female collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35383E88A083B1EF259FACFB836FAF9" box="[293,369,1362,1383]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49800D9A8A083B1EF207FACFBB44FAF9" box="[379,515,1362,1383]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Carrillo Puerto,
|
||
<date id="FFFAE5B88A083B1EF1D6FACFBA64FAF9" box="[682,803,1362,1383]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" value="1984-12-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBE1C508A083B1EF1D6FACFBA64FAF9" box="[682,803,1362,1383]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" value="1984-12-26">26-XII-1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B1A6AE8A083B1EF053FACFBAC1FAF9" box="[815,902,1362,1383]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">O. Canul</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED555BBD8A083B1EF0E8FACFBA95FAF9" box="[916,978,1362,1383]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">IEXA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A083B1EF3BBFAF0B8CCFA29" blockId="24.[175,1005,937,1569]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF3BBFAF0B804FA1C" bold="true" box="[199,323,1389,1410]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male pupa except that head and pronotum do not have horns or large tubercles; tibiae and tarsi shortened; genital ampulla wide, rounded. Body length not measurable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35E90F38A083B1FF3BBFA21BA4DFF0D" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFBC3788A083B1FF3BBFA21BA4DFF0D" blockId="24.[175,1005,937,1569]" lastBlockId="25.[347,778,128,147]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF3BBFA21B86DFA4F" bold="true" box="[199,298,1468,1489]" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The third instar larva is robust and measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A083B1EF067FA20BACEFA4C" box="[795,905,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="34.0">34–44 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width between the metathorax and the first two abdominal segments. As a consequence, the head (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC6E9D8A083B1EF395FA6FB817F999" box="[233,336,1522,1543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width in frontal view) looks partially sunken into the prothorax and is clearly smaller than it. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C44B8FB8A083B1EF159F991BBCAF9BF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[549,653,1548,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9301F6A8A083B1EF159F991BBCAF9BF" box="[549,653,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="115">M. elephas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in a number of structures 116 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 59(1), 2005
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |