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<document id="87F7C5B1C4489934709FBEDAA4101F52" ID-CLB-Dataset="28131" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc1633c1-9b3e-49d0-b3c6-1447d63c2901" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2601456" ID-ZooBank="2CDCC248-043B-4E47-8F2F-78CE91702EB2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553172474621" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Luciana &amp; Tavares, Marcos" docDate="2019" docId="7B520279FF854F1431F1288BC16FA362" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4563.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4563 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psolus marcusi Tommasi 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="544" masterDocId="876B7A01FF894F1931662D57C01EA772" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Psolus Oken from Brazil (Holothuroidea: Psolidae), with neotype designation and redescription of Psolus vitoriae Tommasi, 1971, and a key to the southwestern Atlantic and Magellanic species" masterLastPageNumber="546" masterPageNumber="531" pageNumber="543" updateTime="1698703479282" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BF4D58ACB1190550D239AC0C062B3499">Two new species of Psolus Oken from Brazil (Holothuroidea: Psolidae), with neotype designation and redescription of Psolus vitoriae Tommasi, 1971, and a key to the southwestern Atlantic and Magellanic species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F344B36FFF854F1531F1288BC2ADA284" blockId="12.[151,691,1500,1526]" box="[151,691,1500,1526]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
<heading id="A80C0403FF854F1531F1288BC2ADA284" bold="true" box="[151,691,1500,1526]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1531F1288BC2ADA284" bold="true" box="[151,691,1500,1526]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
Remarks on
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F153050288BC2ADA284" ID-CoL="4PL9M" authority="Tommasi, 1971" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[310,691,1500,1526]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F153050288BC1F0A284" bold="true" box="[310,494,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">Psolus marcusi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F153090288BC2ADA284" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[502,691,1500,1526]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF854F1531F12B74C544A1DA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1571,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1531F12B74C14FA14E" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[151,337,1571,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
erected
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1530D42B74C240A149" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[434,606,1571,1595]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1530D42B74C240A149" box="[434,606,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">Psolus marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
upon a single specimen
<quantity id="34031E8AFF854F15321E2B73C3D9A149" box="[888,967,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long caught at
<quantity id="34031E8AFF854F15351E2B74C4ACA149" box="[1144,1202,1571,1596]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m</quantity>
off the coast of Mar del Plata,
<geoCoordinate id="96CFD5A8FF854F1530772B10C175A112" box="[273,363,1607,1632]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" precision="925" value="-38.083332">38°05'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="96CFD5A8FF854F15301A2B10C1C1A112" box="[380,479,1607,1632]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" precision="925" value="-55.8">55°48'W</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingCountry id="8BECF3FFFF854F1530952B10C277A112" box="[499,617,1607,1632]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">Argentina</collectingCountry>
). No reference was made in the original description as to where the
<typeStatus id="2C400DCDFF854F1531F12B3CC0E7A1F6" box="[151,249,1643,1668]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1530792B3BC18CA1F1" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[287,402,1644,1667]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1530792B3BC18CA1F1" box="[287,402,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was deposited. After Tommasi’s retirement, his collections were donated to the MZUSP or were dispersed (mostly the ophiuroids) among multiple Brazilian institutions (see remarks under
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1535B12BC7C559A1D5" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[1239,1351,1680,1703]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vitoriae">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1535B12BC7C559A1D5" box="[1239,1351,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. vitoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF854F1531A12BE4C563A066" blockId="12.[151,1436,1571,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1531A12BE4C19CA1BE" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[199,386,1715,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016)</bibRefCitation>
was unable to locate the
<typeStatus id="2C400DCDFF854F1533DC2BE4C302A1BE" box="[698,796,1715,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F15322D2BE3C3DAA1B9" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[843,964,1716,1739]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F15322D2BE3C3DAA1B9" box="[843,964,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at MZUSP or MACN (
<collectingCountry id="8BECF3FFFF854F1535852BE4C547A1BE" box="[1251,1369,1715,1740]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">Argentina</collectingCountry>
). Our attempts to locate it at MZUSP and in other Brazilian repositories (IB/UFRJ, MNRJ, UNESP, ZUEC) were also unsuccessful and we agree with
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1533662BACC2A9A066" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[512,695,1787,1812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016)</bibRefCitation>
that the
<typeStatus id="2C400DCDFF854F15327E2BACC364A066" box="[792,890,1787,1812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1532F92BABC40FA061" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[927,1041,1788,1811]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1532F92BABC40FA061" box="[927,1041,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered to be lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF854F1531A12A48C4FEA0D6" blockId="12.[151,1436,1571,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
Based on
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1530502A48C21EA04A" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[310,512,1823,1848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi's (1971)</bibRefCitation>
morphological account and illustrations alone,
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F15357E2A48C4D1A04A" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[1048,1231,1823,1848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1534412A77C587A045" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[1319,1433,1824,1847]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1534412A77C587A045" box="[1319,1433,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1530C72A13C2FAA02E" authority="Ekman, 1925" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[417,740,1859,1884]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1530C72A13C25BA029" box="[417,581,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F15332A2A14C2FAA02E" author="Ekman, S." box="[588,740,1859,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref6583" refString="Ekman, S. (1925) Holothurien. Further zoological results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903, 1 (6), 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1925">Ekman, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species originally described upon a single specimen
<quantity id="34031E8AFF854F1534282A13C582A029" box="[1358,1436,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long, caught at
<quantity id="34031E8AFF854F1530242A3FC199A00D" box="[322,391,1896,1920]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
in the Patagonian Bank (46°S), and since reported from several additional localities along the Argentinean coast and from near the Strait of Magellan, 48°S (
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1532322ADCC406A0D6" author="Hernandez, D. A." box="[852,1048,1931,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="151 - 168" refId="ref6785" refString="Hernandez, D. A. (1981) Holothuroidea de Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, 4, 151 - 168." type="journal article" year="1981">Hernández, 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1535422ADCC4CAA0D6" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[1060,1236,1931,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF854F1531A12AE7C541A0BA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1571,2028]" box="[199,1375,1967,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
We believe that the proposed synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1533CA2AE7C33FA0B5" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[684,801,1968,1991]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1533CA2AE7C33FA0B5" box="[684,801,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1532062AE7C41BA0B5" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[864,1029,1968,1991]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1532062AE7C41BA0B5" box="[864,1029,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deserves further investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF854F1431A12A84C13BA78A" blockId="12.[151,1436,1571,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1530032A84C244A09E" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[357,602,2003,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016: 239)</bibRefCitation>
&quot;The original description of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF854F1532CC2A84C50CA09E" authority="Tommasi, 1971" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[938,1298,2003,2028]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF854F1532CC2A84C449A099" box="[938,1111,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="543">Psolus marcusi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF854F1535062A84C50CA09E" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1120,1298,2003,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on a single specimen
<quantity id="34031E8AFF844F1430342DCFC1BEA7DD" box="[338,416,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long, noted the absence of oral teeth as the only difference to
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F14353A2DCEC51FA7DD" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[1116,1281,152,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F14353A2DCEC51FA7DD" box="[1116,1281,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
...&quot;. However, an absence of oral teeth was never reported by
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1433CE2DEBC37CA7A6" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[680,866,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1432F72DEAC418A7A6" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[913,1030,189,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1432F72DEAC418A7A6" box="[913,1030,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nor used to support
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1435922DEAC577A7A6" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[1268,1385,189,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1435922DEAC577A7A6" box="[1268,1385,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF844F1431A12C52C0E9A616" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">
In fact,
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1430452C53C1C1A66E" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[291,479,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
never compared
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1433CD2C52C33CA66E" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[683,802,261,284]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1433CD2C52C33CA66E" box="[683,802,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F14320E2C52C40EA66E" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[872,1040,261,284]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F14320E2C52C40EA66E" box="[872,1040,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It appears that
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1435A92C53C582A66E" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1231,1436,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi's (1971)</bibRefCitation>
omission to report on the oral teeth was interpreted by
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F14326C2C70C3DCA632" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[778,962,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016)</bibRefCitation>
as evidence of absence of oral teeth in
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1434E12C7EC0EEA616" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1434E12C7EC0EEA616" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF844F1431A12C38C4BFA56A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1431A12C38C160A6FA" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[199,382,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016)</bibRefCitation>
also stated that &quot;Since the oral and anal teeth of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1432C62C27C465A6F5" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[928,1147,368,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1432C62C27C465A6F5" box="[928,1147,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">Psolus patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be overlooked when they are covered by the oral and anal valves, and
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1433DA2CC2C37AA6DF" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[700,868,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="453 - 470" refId="ref7495" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1964) The Holothuroidea collected by the Royal Society Expedition to Southern Chile, 1958 - 1959. Pacific Science, 18, 453 - 470." type="journal article" year="1964">Pawson (1964)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that oral teeth could be absent in small specimens (up to
<quantity id="34031E8AFF844F14300E2CEFC1A2A6BD" box="[360,444,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, i.e. the size of the
<typeStatus id="2C400DCDFF844F1433CB2CE0C311A6A2" box="[685,783,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F14325A2CEEC3ABA6BD" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[828,949,440,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F14325A2CEEC3ABA6BD" box="[828,949,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), there is no evidence of any meaningful difference between these two sympatric taxa.&quot; However,
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1432732C8AC3E9A687" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[789,1015,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="453 - 470" refId="ref7495" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1964) The Holothuroidea collected by the Royal Society Expedition to Southern Chile, 1958 - 1959. Pacific Science, 18, 453 - 470." type="journal article" year="1964">Pawson (1964: 463)</bibRefCitation>
was actually referring to the &quot;smaller plates&quot; &quot;near the base of the oral valves&quot; in
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1433E62F56C33AA565" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[640,804,512,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1433E62F56C33AA565" box="[640,804,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not to the oral and anal teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF844F1431A12F73C166A5BE" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">
Furthermore, according to Tommasi's description and illustrations of the
<typeStatus id="2C400DCDFF844F1435742F73C469A54F" box="[1042,1143,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the sole in
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F14346E2F72C561A54E" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[1288,1407,549,572]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F14346E2F72C561A54E" box="[1288,1407,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provided with smooth plates, not knobbed ones (
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1433DF2F10C3E1A512" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[697,1023,583,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi, 1971: Fig. 10C–D</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1435112F10C582A512" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[1143,1436,583,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez's (2016: fig. 2A)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1430282F3AC1E4A5F6" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[334,506,621,644]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1430282F3AC1E4A5F6" box="[334,506,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly show several knobbed sole plates. It is not clear whether Martinez's illustrations of the sole ossicles are from the
<typeStatus id="2C400DCDFF844F1433AD2FD8C333A5DA" box="[715,813,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1432042FC6C410A5D5" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1925" box="[866,1038,656,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1432042FC6C410A5D5" box="[866,1038,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. patagonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or from non-type material from Argentinean waters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF844F1431A12F80C362A42F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1431A12F80C161A582" author="Martinez, M. I." box="[199,383,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref7023" refString="Martinez, M. I. (2016) The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic: Redescription of the holotype and a new synonym. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 18, 237 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / revmacn. 18.474" type="journal article" year="2016">Martinez (2016)</bibRefCitation>
considered the original description of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1432512F8EC3B3A59D" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[823,941,728,752]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1432512F8EC3B3A59D" box="[823,941,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adequate, even though it is extremely brief and the supporting illustrations very poor.
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1433182FABC326A466" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[638,824,764,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
described the existence of cups in the body wall (&quot;... Com corpúsculos calcáreos do tipo &quot;taças&quot;...), but his figures clearly show curved plates instead of cups thus contradicting his own description (
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F14337D2E13C36EA42F" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[539,880,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi 1971: 4, figs. 10a–b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F344B36FFF844F1431A12E30C16FA362" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">
Clarifying the status of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1430812E3FC347A4F2" authority="Tommasi, 1971" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[487,857,871,896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1430812E3FC286A40D" box="[487,664,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">Psolus marcusi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="976ACE9EFF844F1433C32E30C347A4F2" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[677,857,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref7910" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil I. Sobre algumas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas, para o Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 20, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241971000100001" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
will require access to morphological details not available from the extremely brief and imprecise original description. The morphological details of the calcareous ring, a character complex useful for distinguishing among
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1432502EE7C39EA4BA" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[822,896,944,968]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1432502EE7C39EA4BA" box="[822,896,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">Psolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (this paper), has not been studied in
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F1434E12EE6C0EEA49E" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F1434E12EE6C0EEA49E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Evaluation of the validity of
<taxonomicName id="34FBC8ECFF844F14332A2E82C2DCA49E" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1971" box="[588,706,981,1004]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="544" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcusi">
<emphasis id="C18F6F7DFF844F14332A2E82C2DCA49E" box="[588,706,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="544">P. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thus awaits the availability of material that matches Tommasi’s limited description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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