551 lines
76 KiB
XML
551 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<treatment id="03EC879FFF82FFFEA875AD73FAB817C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909443" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209589348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7909443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879FFF82FFFEA875AD73FAB817C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879FFF82FFFEA875AD73FAB817C8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDA875AD73FF7D1674" ID-CoL="92NWX" ID-ENA="111942" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[122,214,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA875AD73FF7D1674" box="[122,214,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
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clade
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The ‘
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA8A5AD2AFF5E1630" box="[170,245,1617,1637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
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clade’ is one of the most stable generic groups that has been recognized within the
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, identified first by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAAB3AD0FFE8516FE" author="Murray and Prowell" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="67 - 80" part="34" refId="ref40211" refString="Murray, D. & Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80." title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Murray and Prowell (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and corroborated by increasingly comprehensive subsequent molecular and morphological studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAAA3ADC2FF5E16A5" author="Espeland" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espeland" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="116 - 124" part="131" refId="ref36456" refString="Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124." title="Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Espeland et al., 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDA90BADA7FE1E16A5" author="Marin" box="[260,437,1756,1776]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marin" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="768 - 785" part="42" refId="ref39677" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785." title="Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Marín et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDA9CAADA7FD6816A5" author="Matos-Maravi" box="[453,707,1756,1776]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Matos-Maravi" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 68" part="66" refId="ref39814" refString="Matos-Maravi, P. F., Pena, C., Willmott, K. R., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2013) Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 54 - 68." title="Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography" type="journal article" year="2013">Matos-Maraví et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAADCADA7FF4E1746" author="Pena" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="29 - 49" part="40" refId="ref42625" refString="Pena, C., Wahlberg, N., Weingartner, E., Kodandaramaiah, U., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. et al. (2006) Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 29 - 49." title="Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDA8FEAD84FE891746" author="Pena" box="[241,290,1791,1811]" firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="243 - 258" part="39" refId="ref42528" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258." title="Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDA921AD84FEF41746" author="Pena" box="[302,351,1791,1811]" firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="64 - 87" part="161" refId="ref42578" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S. & Wahlberg, N. (2011) The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 64 - 87." title="The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The clade is fully supported in all datasets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF82FFFDA870AC5AFF7C1760" box="[127,215,1825,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[122,218,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[229,692,97,1785]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7 Phylogeny of the ’Taygetis clade’ based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of the support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909407/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF82FFFDA8ECAC5AFF5B1760" box="[227,240,1825,1845]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</collectionCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF82FFFDA8FFAC5AFF501760" box="[240,251,1825,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[122,218,1092,1111]" captionTargetBox="[155,1113,122,1050]" captionTargetId="graphics-415@6.[156,985,123,1051]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 Phylogeny of Euptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7968438/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF82FFFDA924AC5AFE931760" box="[299,312,1825,1845]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</collectionCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF82FFFDA936AC5AFEEF1760" box="[313,324,1825,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[122,218,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[210,1466,123,1266]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Phylogeny of the Cyllopsis clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909399/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and contains 10 genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAA35AC5AFD071760" box="[570,684,1825,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAA35AC5AFD071760" box="[570,684,1825,1845]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(27 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDA8B7AC3FFEAA170D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[184,257,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Harjesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA8B7AC3FFEAA170D" box="[184,257,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Harjesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDA99CAC3FFE57170D" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[403,508,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Orotaygetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA99CAC3FFE57170D" box="[403,508,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orotaygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAA9EAC3FFCAA170D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[657,769,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Parataygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAA9EAC3FFCAA170D" box="[657,769,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parataygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDA8F2AC1CFEC0172E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[253,363,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Posttaygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA8F2AC1CFEC0172E" box="[253,363,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Posttaygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAA0DAC1CFDDA172E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[514,625,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudodebis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAA0DAC1CFDDA172E" box="[514,625,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudodebis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDA875ACF2FF6617C8" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[122,205,1929,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taguaiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA875ACF2FF6617C8" box="[122,205,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taguaiba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA8DDACF2FEA717C8" bold="true" box="[210,268,1929,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(5 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDA971ACF2FE6B17C8" authorityName="Freitas & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" box="[382,448,1929,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Sepona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDA971ACF2FE6B17C8" box="[382,448,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sepona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAA4FACF2FD3217C8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[576,665,1929,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAA4FACF2FD3217C8" box="[576,665,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8 species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB52AB04FC0310C6" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[861,936,127,147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB52AB04FC0310C6" box="[861,936,127,147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(25 species). It is embedded within a larger clade also containing the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDABD1ABDAFBFF10E0" authority="Forster, 1964" box="[990,1108,161,181]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDABD1ABDAFBFF10E0" box="[990,1108,161,181]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-clade’, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDACBDABDAFAED10E0" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1202,1350,161,181]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDACBDABDAFAED10E0" box="[1202,1350,161,181]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-clade’ and ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB36ABBFFC10108D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[825,955,196,216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB36ABBFFC10108D" box="[825,955,196,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-clade’. Multiple recent papers have helped revise the generic classification and describe new species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAD3BAB9CFC0B1148" author="Matos-Maravi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Matos-Maravi" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 68" part="66" refId="ref39814" refString="Matos-Maravi, P. F., Pena, C., Willmott, K. R., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2013) Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 54 - 68." title="Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography" type="journal article" year="2013">Matos-Maraví et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDABA1AA72FBC01148" author="Siewert" box="[942,1131,265,285]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Siewert" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="11 - 29" part="356" refId="ref42955" refString="Siewert, R. R., Zacca, T., Dias, F. M. S., Freitas, A. V. L., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2013) The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species. ZooKeys, 356, 11 - 29." title="The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" type="journal article" year="2013">Siewert et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[covering species included here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB3DAA57FC2E1115" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[818,901,300,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taguaiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB3DAA57FC2E1115" box="[818,901,300,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taguaiba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB80AA57FC621115" bold="true" box="[911,969,300,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
]; Freitas, Barbosa, Willmott, et al., 2016 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD63AA57FA061115" authorityName="Freitas & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" box="[1388,1453,300,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Sepona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD63AA57FA061115" box="[1388,1453,300,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sepona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; Nakahara, Willmott, et al., 2018 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC85AA34FB581136" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[1162,1267,335,355]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Orotaygetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC85AA34FB581136" box="[1162,1267,335,355]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orotaygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Nakahara, Matos-Maraví, et al., 2019 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDABF1AA0AFBFC11D0" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1022,1111,369,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDABF1AA0AFBFC11D0" box="[1022,1111,369,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Nakahara, Matos-Maraví, Willmott, et al., 2021; Nakahara, Matos-Maraví, Schwartz, et al., 2021; Nakahara, Janzen, et al., 2022 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC29AACCFB3E119E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1062,1173,439,459]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudodebis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC29AACCFB3E119E" box="[1062,1173,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudodebis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]). The relationships found here are similar to previous studies, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC86AAA2FB6011B8" authorityName="Freitas & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" box="[1161,1227,473,493]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Sepona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC86AAA2FB6011B8" box="[1161,1227,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sepona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the sister group to the remainder of the clade in all trees, and the remaining genera falling into two well-supported subclades; the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDACE5A964FAF71266" box="[1258,1372,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDACE5A964FAF71266" box="[1258,1372,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subclade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB81A93AFBDA1200" authority=", Paratygetis" authorityName="Paratygetis" box="[910,1137,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB81A93AFBAB1200" box="[910,1024,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC03A93AFBDA1200" box="[1036,1137,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paratygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC72A93AFB401200" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1149,1259,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Posttaygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC72A93AFB401200" box="[1149,1259,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Posttaygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD13A93AFACE1200" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1308,1381,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Harjesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD13A93AFACE1200" box="[1308,1381,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Harjesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB3DA91FFCD6122D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[818,893,612,632]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB3DA91FFCD6122D" box="[818,893,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subclade containing the remaining genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAD3BA91FFC3412CE" author="Matos-Maravi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Matos-Maravi" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 68" part="66" refId="ref39814" refString="Matos-Maravi, P. F., Pena, C., Willmott, K. R., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2013) Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 54 - 68." title="Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography" type="journal article" year="2013">Matos-Maraví et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nakahara, Willmott, et al., 2018). All genera are monophyletic and well-supported in all analyses, except for in the best 4GENES tree, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC0AA9B7FB6512B5" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1029,1230,716,736]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quantius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC0AA9B7FB6512B5" box="[1029,1230,716,736]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Forsterinaria quantius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD46A9B7FA1212B5" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1353,1465,716,736]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Parataygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD46A9B7FA1212B5" box="[1353,1465,716,736]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parataygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of the remainder of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC5FA994FB691356" box="[1104,1218,751,771]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC5FA994FB691356" box="[1104,1218,751,771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is the case in all other trees. It has long been known that a new genus is needed for the former ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDABA7A84FFC58131D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[936,1011,820,840]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDABA7A84FFC58131D" box="[936,1011,820,840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC0DA84FFBE0131D" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1026,1099,820,840]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC0DA84FFBE0131D" box="[1026,1099,820,840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ypthima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and relatives in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD1AA84FFACB131D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1301,1376,820,840]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD1AA84FFACB131D" box="[1301,1376,820,840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subclade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAB38A82CFB9C133E" author="Matos-Maravi" box="[823,1079,855,875]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Matos-Maravi" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 68" part="66" refId="ref39814" refString="Matos-Maravi, P. F., Pena, C., Willmott, K. R., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2013) Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 54 - 68." title="Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the " Taygetis clade " (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography" type="journal article" year="2013">Matos-Maraví et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nakahara, Matos-Maraví, et al., 2019; Nakahara, Willmott, et al., 2018;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAC91A802FAF013D8" author="Pena" box="[1182,1371,889,909]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="243 - 258" part="39" refId="ref42528" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258." title="Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Peña et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF82FFFDAD7DA802FC3513E5" author="Siewert" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Siewert" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="11 - 29" part="356" refId="ref42955" refString="Siewert, R. R., Zacca, T., Dias, F. M. S., Freitas, A. V. L., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2013) The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species. ZooKeys, 356, 11 - 29." title="The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" type="journal article" year="2013">Siewert et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and below we describe the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD28A8E7FAD113E5" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1319,1402,924,944]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taguaiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD28A8E7FAD113E5" box="[1319,1402,924,944]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taguaiba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD8EA8E7FA1E13E5" bold="true" box="[1409,1461,924,944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">gen.n</emphasis>
|
||
. for this species group. The ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC43A8C4FB3C1386" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1100,1175,959,979]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC43A8C4FB3C1386" box="[1100,1175,959,979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’ contains 86 described species and a number of currently known undescribed species, with the latter concentrated in particular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDACABAF7FFABD144D" box="[1188,1302,1028,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDACABAF7FFABD144D" box="[1188,1302,1028,1048]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD2DAF7FFA3A144D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1314,1425,1028,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudodebis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD2DAF7FFA3A144D" box="[1314,1425,1028,1048]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudodebis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB3DAF5CFCD6146E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[818,893,1063,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB3DAF5CFCD6146E" box="[818,893,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Taxonomic revisions are in progress for all three of the above-mentioned genera, in addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDACA0AF32FAA31408" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1199,1288,1097,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDACA0AF32FAA31408" box="[1199,1288,1097,1117]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while most of the remaining genera are monotypic or bitypic and are of less taxonomic concern. Members of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC32AFF4FB2314F6" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1085,1160,1167,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC32AFF4FB2314F6" box="[1085,1160,1167,1187]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-clade’ are relatively large, and indeed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB76AFCAFC6F1490" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[889,964,1201,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB76AFCAFC6F1490" box="[889,964,1201,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains the largest species in the subtribe. Perhaps as a result of their size and presumably greater conspicuousness to predators, adults of some species show remarkable intra-specific variation in their ventral wing patterns, which resemble dead leaves (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB69AE47FC031505" authorityName="Freitas & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" box="[870,936,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Sepona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB69AE47FC031505" box="[870,936,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sepona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDABB4AE47FBA51505" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[955,1038,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taguaiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDABB4AE47FBA51505" box="[955,1038,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taguaiba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC13AE47FBFE1505" bold="true" box="[1052,1109,1340,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC67AE47FABD1505" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1128,1302,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mermeria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC67AE47FABD1505" box="[1128,1302,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis mermeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAD27AE47FA051505" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[1320,1454,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAD27AE47FA051505" box="[1320,1454,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis larua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Males of many species have darker areas on the dorsal forewing and/or hindwing with variably distributed brush-like androconial scales that are widespread among euptychiines, and most species have a ventral surface with somewhat to very undulate dark discal, postdiscal and/or submarginal lines. Possible synapomorphies (not all unique) and distinctive characters for the clade include the following: (a) vesica lacking obvious sclerotized cornuti; (b) corpus bursae extending to second abdominal segment (ductus bursae and corpus bursae occupying almost entire abdomen), except in a few taxa, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAB54ADECFB8F16FE" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[859,1060,1687,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Posttaygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penelea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAB54ADECFB8F16FE" box="[859,1060,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Posttaygetis penelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (c) lamella antevaginalis sclerotized; (d) spatula-like primary head capsule setae in the first instar larva. Furthermore, the female abdomen of members of this clade shows some unusual characters, such as notably weakly sclerotized tergites and sternites (barely more sclerotized than the intersegmental membrane) in genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDAC28AC3FFBD9170D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1063,1138,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDAC28AC3FFBD9170D" box="[1063,1138,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF82FFFDACAAAC3FFABF170D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1189,1300,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudodebis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF82FFFDACAAAC3FFABF170D" box="[1189,1300,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudodebis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and two weakly sclerotized patches on the dorsal surface of the inter-segmental membrane of the seventh and eighth abdominal segments that are filled with scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEA947AE92FDB915A8" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[328,530,1513,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quantius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEA947AE92FDB915A8" box="[328,530,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Forsterinaria quantius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Members of the clade range from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF81FFFEA8E6AD77FE851675" box="[233,302,1548,1568]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF81FFFEA95FAD77FE021675" box="[336,425,1548,1568]" name="Paraguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="Paraguay">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4981F86BFF81FFFEA95FAD77FE021675" box="[336,425,1548,1568]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF81FFFEA9BDAD77FDA51675" box="[434,526,1548,1568]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF81FFFEAAC7AD77FD551675" box="[712,766,1548,1568]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with a slight centre of diversity in the south-western Amazon (southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF81FFFEA891AD2AFF611630" box="[158,202,1617,1637]" name="Peru" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF81FFFEA991AD2AFE781630" box="[414,467,1617,1637]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) driven largely by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAA70AD2AFD611630" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[639,714,1617,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAA70AD2AFD611630" box="[639,714,1617,1637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Otherwise, the clade is notable for two genera that have diversified in areas of lower euptychiine diversity, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAA23ADECFDD416FE" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[556,639,1687,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taguaiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAA23ADECFDD416FE" box="[556,639,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taguaiba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAA88ADEDFD6A16FF" bold="true" box="[647,705,1686,1706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEA9B5ADC2FDD31698" author="Siewert" box="[442,632,1721,1741]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Siewert" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="11 - 29" part="356" refId="ref42955" refString="Siewert, R. R., Zacca, T., Dias, F. M. S., Freitas, A. V. L., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2013) The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species. ZooKeys, 356, 11 - 29." title="The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" type="journal article" year="2013">Siewert et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAABAADC2FF0316A5" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAABAADC2FF0316A5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in montane regions, particularly the tropical Andes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAAB7ADA7FF5C1746" author="Pena & Lamas" firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Biologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="5 - 48" part="12" refId="ref42488" refString="Pena, C. & Lamas, G. (2005) Revision of the butterfly genus Forsterinaria gray, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Revista Peruana de Biologia, 12, 5 - 48." title="Revision of the butterfly genus Forsterinaria gray, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Peña & Lamas, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults of some species appear to be crepuscular (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEA870AC5AFEA71760" author="DeVries" box="[127,268,1825,1845]" firstAuthor="DeVries" journalOrPublisher="Princeton: Princeton University Press" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="288" refId="ref36253" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history: papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 288." title="The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history: papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae" type="book chapter" year="1987">DeVries, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEA911AC5AFE041760" author="Murray" box="[286,431,1825,1845]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="932 - 945" part="103" refId="ref40176" refString="Murray, D. (2001 a) Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 932 - 945." title="Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Murray, 2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEA9B0AC5AFE561760" author="Murray" bookContentInfo="367 pp." box="[447,509,1825,1845]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Louisiana State University" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref40253" refString="Murray, D. L. (2001 b) Systematics of euptychiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits (PhD thesis). Louisiana State University. 367 pp." title="Systematics of euptychiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits" type="book" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAA01AC5AFD201760" author="Young" box="[526,651,1825,1845]" firstAuthor="Young" journalOrPublisher="The American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="146 - 157" part="87" refId="ref43977" refString="Young, A. M. (1972) Community ecology of some tropical rain forest butterflies. The American Midland Naturalist, 87, 146 - 157." title="Community ecology of some tropical rain forest butterflies" type="journal article" year="1972">Young, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAA93AC5AFD661760" author="Young" box="[668,717,1825,1845]" firstAuthor="Young" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="102 - 113" part="38" refId="ref44006" refString="Young, A. M. (1984) Natural history notes for Taygetis andromeda (Cramer) (Satyridae) in eastern Costa Rica. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 38, 102 - 113." title="Natural history notes for Taygetis andromeda (Cramer) (Satyridae) in eastern Costa Rica" type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and both sexes are attracted to rotting fruit (e.g. Freitas, Carreira, Santos, &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEA8B5AC1CFEE8172E" author="Barbosa" box="[186,323,1895,1915]" firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="87 - 98" part="2" refId="ref34412" refString="Barbosa, E., Marin, M., Giraldo, C. E., Uribe, S. & Freitas, A. (2016) Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ' renata clade. '. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2, 87 - 98." title="Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ' renata clade" type="journal article" year="2016">Barbosa, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEA95EAC1CFDC4172E" author="Uehara-Prado & Freitas" box="[337,623,1895,1915]" firstAuthor="Uehara-Prado" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="63 - 64" part="73" refId="ref43426" refString="Uehara-Prado, M. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2019) Population structure of Taygetis ypthima (Nymphalidae, Euptychiina) in Southeast Brazil. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 73, 63 - 64." title="Population structure of Taygetis ypthima (Nymphalidae, Euptychiina) in Southeast Brazil" type="journal article" year="2019">Uehara-Prado & Freitas, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAA72AC1CFD5D172E" author="Young" box="[637,758,1895,1915]" firstAuthor="Young" journalOrPublisher="The American Midland Naturalist" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="146 - 157" part="87" refId="ref43977" refString="Young, A. M. (1972) Community ecology of some tropical rain forest butterflies. The American Midland Naturalist, 87, 146 - 157." title="Community ecology of some tropical rain forest butterflies" type="journal article" year="1972">Young, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEA903ACF2FED517C8" box="[268,382,1929,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Forsterinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEA903ACF2FED517C8" box="[268,382,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Forsterinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in particular also strongly attracted to carrion (Willmott & Pyrcz, pers. obs.). The immature stages feed mostly on various genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAC5CAD77FB0F1675" box="[1107,1188,1548,1568]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with infrequent records on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAB3DAD54FC071616" box="[818,940,1583,1603]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEABD1AD54FBE71616" box="[990,1100,1583,1603]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAC57AD54FAAA1616" author="Baine" box="[1112,1281,1583,1603]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Baine" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="79 - 86" part="29" refId="ref34360" refString="Baine, Q., Polo-Espinoza, G., Nakahara, S. & Gallice, G. (2019) Immature stages and new host record of Taygetis rufomarginata Staudinger, 1888 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 29, 79 - 86." title="Immature stages and new host record of Taygetis rufomarginata Staudinger, 1888 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2019">Baine et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAD00AD54FC6B1630" author="Corahua-Espinoza" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Corahua-Espinoza" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 80" part="52" refId="ref35910" refString="Corahua-Espinoza, T., Nakahara, S., Baine, Q., Kabir, J., Rodriguez-Melgarejo, M., Tejeira Condori, R. et al. (2023) Immature stages and new host plant records for three species in the " Taygetis clade " of Euptychiina in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Neotropical Entomology, 52, 67 - 80." title="Immature stages and new host plant records for three species in the " Taygetis clade " of Euptychiina in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2023">Corahua-Espinoza et al., 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEABD1AD2AFBC01630" author="Freitas" box="[990,1131,1617,1637]" firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 5" part="27" refId="ref37000" refString="Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Immature stages of the Neotropical satyrine butterfly Taygetis acuta (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 27, 1 - 5." title="Immature stages of the Neotropical satyrine butterfly Taygetis acuta (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina)" type="journal article" year="2017">Freitas, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Freitas, Carreira, Santos, &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAB3DAD0FFC1416DD" author="Barbosa" box="[818,959,1652,1672]" firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="87 - 98" part="2" refId="ref34412" refString="Barbosa, E., Marin, M., Giraldo, C. E., Uribe, S. & Freitas, A. (2016) Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ' renata clade. '. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2, 87 - 98." title="Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ' renata clade" type="journal article" year="2016">Barbosa, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEABDFAD0FFB3616DD" author="Hurtado" box="[976,1181,1652,1672]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hurtado" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="179 - 185" part="31" refId="ref38605" refString="Hurtado, T., Nakahara, S., Rodriguez-Melgarejo, M., Tejeira, R., See, J., Ccahuana, R. et al. (2021) Complete immature stages of the euptychiine butterfly Taygetis cleopatra (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in southeastern Peru. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 31, 179 - 185." title="Complete immature stages of the euptychiine butterfly Taygetis cleopatra (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in southeastern Peru" type="journal article" year="2021">Hurtado et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEACA1AD0FFA1F16DD" accessDate="2022-01-01" author="Janzen & Hallwachs" box="[1198,1460,1652,1672]" firstAuthor="Janzen" journalOrPublisher="Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica - caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths [WWW document]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" publicationUrl="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso" refId="ref38713" refString="Janzen, D. H. & Hallwachs, W. (2022) Area de Conservacion´Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica - caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths [WWW document]. Available from: http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu / caterpillars / database. lasso [Accessed on 1 st January 2022]" title="Area de Conservacion" type="url" year="2022">Janzen & Hallwachs, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAB3DADECFC6916FE" author="Murray" box="[818,962,1687,1707]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="932 - 945" part="103" refId="ref40176" refString="Murray, D. (2001 a) Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 932 - 945." title="Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Murray, 2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEABDDADECFBA416FE" author="Murray" bookContentInfo="367 pp." box="[978,1039,1687,1707]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Louisiana State University" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref40253" refString="Murray, D. L. (2001 b) Systematics of euptychiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits (PhD thesis). Louisiana State University. 367 pp." title="Systematics of euptychiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits" type="book" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The close spatial association of adults of many species with stands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAC44ADC2FB3A1698" box="[1099,1169,1721,1741]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAC44ADC2FB3A1698" box="[1099,1169,1721,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guadua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lowlands) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAD25ADC2FA291698" box="[1322,1410,1721,1741]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAD25ADC2FA291698" box="[1322,1410,1721,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bamboos (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAB7CADA7FC6D16A5" box="[883,966,1756,1776]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) suggests that these plants are also widely used as hostplants throughout the clade. Indeed, some evidence suggests that species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEACF7AC5AFACD1760" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1272,1382,1825,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Posttaygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEACF7AC5AFACD1760" box="[1272,1382,1825,1845]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Posttaygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAD7DAC5AFCCB170D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudodebis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAD7DAC5AFCCB170D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pseudodebis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAB9DAC3FFC40170D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[914,1003,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAB9DAC3FFC40170D" box="[914,1003,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taygetina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a narrow diet breadth, feeding exclusively on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEAB53AC1CFC09172E" box="[860,930,1895,1915]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEAB53AC1CFC09172E" box="[860,930,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guadua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF81FFFEABD5AC1CFBF4172E" box="[986,1119,1895,1915]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Rhipidocladum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF81FFFEABD5AC1CFBF4172E" box="[986,1119,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhipidocladum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAC7AAC1CFA1F172E" author="Corahua-Espinoza" box="[1141,1460,1895,1915]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Corahua-Espinoza" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 80" part="52" refId="ref35910" refString="Corahua-Espinoza, T., Nakahara, S., Baine, Q., Kabir, J., Rodriguez-Melgarejo, M., Tejeira Condori, R. et al. (2023) Immature stages and new host plant records for three species in the " Taygetis clade " of Euptychiina in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Neotropical Entomology, 52, 67 - 80." title="Immature stages and new host plant records for three species in the " Taygetis clade " of Euptychiina in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2023">Corahua-Espinoza et al., 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAB3DACF2FB8217C8" accessDate="2022-01-01" author="Janzen & Hallwachs" box="[818,1065,1929,1949]" firstAuthor="Janzen" journalOrPublisher="Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica - caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths [WWW document]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" publicationUrl="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso" refId="ref38713" refString="Janzen, D. H. & Hallwachs, W. (2022) Area de Conservacion´Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica - caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths [WWW document]. Available from: http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu / caterpillars / database. lasso [Accessed on 1 st January 2022]" title="Area de Conservacion" type="url" year="2022">Janzen & Hallwachs, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEAC3AACF2FB6B17C8" author="Murray" box="[1077,1216,1929,1949]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="932 - 945" part="103" refId="ref40176" refString="Murray, D. (2001 a) Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 932 - 945." title="Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hubner (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Murray, 2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF81FFFEACC4ACF2FAA317C8" author="Murray" bookContentInfo="367 pp." box="[1227,1288,1929,1949]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Louisiana State University" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref40253" refString="Murray, D. L. (2001 b) Systematics of euptychiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits (PhD thesis). Louisiana State University. 367 pp." title="Systematics of euptychiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits" type="book" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |