272 lines
36 KiB
XML
272 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="65EEC133F4559B263BBB0374214BC570" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210864" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc8606df-9e8b-44af-a522-0fd0ae7b1349" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210864" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460475468456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Borkent, Art & Grafe, Ulmar" docDate="2012" docId="9720782FAA06FFAFFF78FB1A43980FE3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03279p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3279" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corethrella (Corethrella) bipigmenta Borkent & Grafe, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="6B190057AA0FFFA5FFEFFFE147380A5C" masterDocTitle="The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo — From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698306645417" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="01C2FCC7BE5FE19FCF05F56CA3CC144A">
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<mods:title id="DE0EAA96244A42A03F31C82E1BD11F9A">The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo — From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="19A046B4078E022FD6D8D1264A392A01" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0AEFBF0EE3F2674955CF3B6F8CA408FC">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="19C4BBB33402EACDB077BF462ADF4893">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="413157C6415F11756BC4A5282288BD7C">Grafe, Ulmar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FDF3716E986927C107BFFCB0896FB391">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B56F5DDEAAF9F8A062061A32431E6C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8EC124C6B09CBF06BB2B52BF5762004A">
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<mods:date id="D2CC717FEAEC147BECEEB1A3A55AB477">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DD21851FBD73F361296A270FE94A7877" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="829EE42E1B8F3507DC2153EBB22EA4DA">3279</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="522BB181BF769DFEE967FBCE9CF6833B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210864</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9720782FAA06FFAFFF78FB1A43980FE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619824" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9720782FAA06FFAFFF78FB1A43980FE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9720782FAA06FFAFFF78FB1A43980FE3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA06FFACFF78FB1A45BB0F6A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF78FB1A44E90F49" blockId="9.[151,977,1275,1334]" box="[151,977,1275,1301]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="447E7E55AA06FFACFF78FB1A44E90F49" bold="true" box="[151,977,1275,1301]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFF78FB1A44E90F49" bold="true" box="[151,977,1275,1301]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFF78FB1A440C0F49" authority="Borkent & Grafe" authorityName="Borkent & Grafe" box="[151,820,1275,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipigmenta" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Corethrella">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFF78FB1A461A0F49" bold="true" box="[151,290,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Corethrella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFEDDFB1A46840F49" bold="true" box="[306,444,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Corethrella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFE21FB1A456D0F49" bold="true" box="[462,597,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">bipigmenta</emphasis>
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Borkent & Grafe
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="36CEA850AA06FFACFCAEFB1A44E90F49" box="[833,977,1275,1301]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF78FAFF45BB0F6A" blockId="9.[151,977,1275,1334]" box="[151,643,1310,1334]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFF70FAFF47D50F6A" box="[159,237,1310,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,248,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,180,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[172,1416,180,1895]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adult Corethrella feeding on calling male frogs in Borneo. A. C. tigrina on Metaphrynella sundana (Peters) (Ashton Trail in the Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam). B. C. lutea resting on somewhat drooping leaf after feeding on Rhacophorus appendiculatus (Günther) (Sungai Ingei Conservation Forest, 8.2 km S. Melilas, Brunei Darussalam). C. C. bipigmenta on Megophrys nasuta (Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei). All photographs by second author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210866/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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C, 4D, 6D, 8D, 9D, 12D, 13D, 15B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA06FFACFF78FA8543BE0C2C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF78FA8543BE0C2C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1380,1649]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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DIAGNOSIS:
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFEA0FA8546EF0F20" box="[335,471,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFEA0FA8546B10F20" box="[335,393,1380,1404]" name="Malta" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</collectingCountry>
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adult.
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</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFD9CFA85442E0F20" box="[627,790,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female adult.</emphasis>
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Only extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFBD5FA8543830F20" box="[1082,1211,1380,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFBD5FA8543830F20" box="[1082,1211,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Corethrella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Oceanian and northern Australasian Regions with the combination of no pigmentation distal to the single distinct midlength wing band (no subapical band) (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFD3DFA4B44020F9E" box="[722,826,1450,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
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), flagellomeres 1–4 elongate, each similar in length to flagellomere 5 (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFEA7FA2C46B20FB9" box="[328,394,1485,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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D), with non-discrete darker pigmentation on the basal 0.5 of the midfemur and basal 0.3–0.4 of the hind femur, uniformly yellow or light brown hind tibia (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFC78FA0E44CF0C5B" box="[919,1015,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – D" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – D. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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), and abdominal tergites each with anterolateral darker pigmentation (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFDF5F9F245BA0C77" box="[538,642,1555,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A – J" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2013,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1991]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. A – J. Abdomens of female Corethrella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
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). Only extant species in Borneo with the combination of flagellomeres 1–4 elongate, each similar in length to flagellomere 5 (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFCF2F9D7445A0C12" box="[797,866,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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D) and palpal segments 1 and 2 dark brown and contrasting with pale segments 3 and 4 (5 grading from pale to medium brown) (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFBF0F9B9435A0C2C" box="[1055,1122,1624,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA06FFAFFF28F97F45330824" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF28F97F42A40DAD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1694,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFE7CF97F45350CEA" box="[403,525,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFE7CF97F46F50CEA" box="[403,461,1694,1718]" name="Malta" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</collectingCountry>
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adult
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</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFD70F97F44040CEA" box="[671,828,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female adult.</emphasis>
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Descriptive statistics: See
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<tableCitation id="520BFC82AA06FFACFB85F97F43FD0CEA" box="[1130,1221,1694,1718]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="42.[151,235,154,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1259,203,680]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 1. Length (in mm) of wing of females of species of Corethrella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BF699B1AA25FF8FFF78FF7B44440AF3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="4BF699B1AA25FF8FFF78FF7B44440AF3">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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–5.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFB16F97E42010CEB" bold="true" box="[1273,1337,1695,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head</emphasis>
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: Outline in anterior view somewhat circular (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFDDEF920454D0C85" box="[561,629,1729,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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D). Coronal suture elongate, extending ventrally past ommatidia. Two large setae on frons between ventromedial area of ommatidia (as in
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFC62F90544CA0CA0" box="[909,1010,1764,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A – B" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[202,1409,229,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. A – B. Distributions of species of Corethrella from Borneo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210880/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
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). Antenna uniformly medium brown; pedicel with distinctive elongate, stout setae. Antennal flagellomeres as in
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFBF1F8E6435D0D43" box="[1054,1125,1799,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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D; sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1–2, 9–13, only flagellomere 1 with more than one; flagellomere 13 with well-developed apical bifurcation. Clypeus somewhat square. Mandible with moderately small, pointed teeth. Palpus (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFB11F8AC427B0D39" box="[1278,1347,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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D) with segments 1–2 dark brown, segments 3–5 light brown, segment 5 darker apically; segment 3 swollen apically.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFF78F87247C80DF7" bold="true" box="[151,240,1939,1963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thorax</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFEEFF87246640DF7" box="[256,348,1939,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – D" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – D. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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): Scutum, scutellum mostly light to medium brown, contrasting with darker brown pleura; pale sclerites around base of wing. Posterior portion of dorsocentral row with 2 elongate setae situated somewhat lateral to one another. Prescutal suture elongate, thick, uninterrupted, extending to near dorsocentral row of setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF78FF7645AF080A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Anterior anepisternum divided diagonally by sinuous suture, dorsal portion about equal to ventral portion. Ventral portion of posterior anepisternum triangular, uniformly brown, with anterodorsal margin not thick.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFAF4FF5B42630A8F" bold="true" box="[1307,1371,186,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFA81FF5B47F30AAA" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
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): Apex of R2 slightly distal to apex of M1. Anterior margin with differently, discretely pigmented scales (indicating anterior margin of midlength band), with midlength band, with darker more basal scales restricted to vein C, Sc, slightly in more posterior veins, with basal scales on posterior margin of wing dark; veins (other than costa and wing margin) with well-developed scales. Halter medium brown, equal to or slightly lighter than scutellum.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFECFFE8C46600BD9" bold="true" box="[288,344,365,389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Legs</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFE84FE8D46F10BD8" box="[363,457,364,388]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – D" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – D. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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): Light brown, with about basal 0.5 of forefemur slightly darker, about basal 0.5 of midfemur darker, about basal 0.3–0.4 of hind femur darker; with darker pigmentation not discrete. With only slender setae, lacking scales. Midleg with thick, subapical setae on each of at least tarsomeres 1–3. Claws of each leg equal to those of others; equal on each leg, simple (without inner teeth). Empodia thick.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFB4CFE34422F0BB2" bold="true" box="[1187,1303,469,494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFAC8FE3442B70BB1" box="[1319,1423,469,493]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A – J" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2013,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1991]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. A – J. Abdomens of female Corethrella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210877/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
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): Tergites 2–7 pale or light brown with anterolateral corners more darkly pigmented, tergite 8 pale or light brown, sternites light brown with sternites 2–6 with anterior portions medium brown, posterior margins pale, sternites 7–8 medium brown. Cercus medium light brown.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF28FD8345330824" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" box="[199,523,608,633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFF28FD8346B80825" box="[199,384,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Immature stages</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA05FFAFFF28FD6243980FE3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF28FD62440E0931" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFD67FD6544B608C0" box="[648,910,644,668]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipigmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFD67FD6544B608C0" box="[648,910,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Corethrella bipigmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from steep terrain in the mature mixed dipterocarp forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFE2FFD46453508E3" box="[448,525,679,703]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1857,1880]" captionTargetBox="[211,1379,193,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[211,1379,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitats from which Corethrella adults were collected with a frog-call trap in Brunei (species collected given in parentheses). A. 12 km S. Liang, Brunei (C. tigrina, C. lutea, C. calathicola, C. pauciseta, C. gilva) (authors, for scale). B. Nepenthes ampullaria, 12 km S. Liang, Brunei (C. calathicola). C. 12.5 km S. Liang, Brunei (same species as for A) (first author, for scale). D. 20 km N. Labi, Luagan Lalak Forestry Rec. Site, Brunei (C. lutea). E. Belalong River, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, Brunei (C. lutea, C. bipigmenta, C. mitra). F. Sungai Esu, Ulu Temburong NP, Brunei (C. tigrina, C. bipigmenta, C. mitra) (first author's wife Annette, for scale). G. Pa Umor, 5 km E. Bario (C. bicincta, C. unizona)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210865/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F) of Ulu Temburong National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFC30FD46431608E3" box="[991,1070,679,703]" name="Brunei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at elevations of 50–120 meters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFF70FD28463D08BD" box="[159,261,713,737]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – B" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[202,1408,229,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – B. Distributions of species of Corethrella from Borneo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210879/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three females in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFDE2FD2B450508BE" box="[525,573,714,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series were collected on
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA05FFAFFCB8FD2844DD08BD" box="[855,997,713,737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-07-22">22-VII-2006</date>
|
||
from a calling male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFB23FD2B46320958" authority="Schlegel" authorityName="Schlegel" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFB23FD2B42A408BE" box="[1228,1436,714,738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megophrys nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Schlegel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 8:30 PM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFE4FFD0D46DC0958" box="[416,484,748,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,248,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,180,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[172,1416,180,1895]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adult Corethrella feeding on calling male frogs in Borneo. A. C. tigrina on Metaphrynella sundana (Peters) (Ashton Trail in the Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam). B. C. lutea resting on somewhat drooping leaf after feeding on Rhacophorus appendiculatus (Günther) (Sungai Ingei Conservation Forest, 8.2 km S. Melilas, Brunei Darussalam). C. C. bipigmenta on Megophrys nasuta (Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei). All photographs by second author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210866/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). A photograph by the second author (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFC5CFD0D44CE0958" box="[947,1014,748,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,248,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,180,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[172,1416,180,1895]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adult Corethrella feeding on calling male frogs in Borneo. A. C. tigrina on Metaphrynella sundana (Peters) (Ashton Trail in the Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam). B. C. lutea resting on somewhat drooping leaf after feeding on Rhacophorus appendiculatus (Günther) (Sungai Ingei Conservation Forest, 8.2 km S. Melilas, Brunei Darussalam). C. C. bipigmenta on Megophrys nasuta (Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei). All photographs by second author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210866/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) shows numerous identical looking female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFF05FCEE4652097B" box="[234,362,783,807]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFF05FCEE4652097B" box="[234,362,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on and surrounding the frog: seven were on the legs, two were on the back, and at least 10 were on nearby substrate. Further specimens were collected from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFC68FCD244C00916" box="[903,1016,819,842]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFC68FCD244C00916" box="[903,1016,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one other frog species (Table 7). This species has not yet been collected with a frog-call trap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF28FC99434F098A" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The three
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFD45FC9845E209CD" box="[682,730,889,913]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFC90FC98432709CC" box="[895,1055,888,912]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipigmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFC90FC98432709CC" box="[895,1055,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. bipigmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B18B4C8AA05FFAFFB3EFC99424609CC" author="Borkent" box="[1233,1406,888,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Borkent, A. (2008) The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa, 1804,1 - 456." type="book" year="2008">Borkent (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the taxonomic discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFE31FC7D457709EF" box="[478,591,924,947]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nippon">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFE31FC7D457709EF" box="[478,591,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. nippon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but mistakenly stated as coming from Sungai Belalong). This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFEAEFC5E4537098A" box="[321,527,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFEAEFC5E4537098A" box="[321,527,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. nanoantennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs in the relative lengths of flagellomeres 1–4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF28FC0042080ED9" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFF28FC0046EE09A5" box="[199,470,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipigmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFF28FC0046EE09A5" box="[199,470,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Corethrella bipigmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed in the
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFD54FC00444609A5" box="[699,894,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
species group for the same reason that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFA6DFC03467C0E40" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFA6DFC03467C0E40" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. nanoantennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed there, along with the same caveats (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA05FFAFFC8CFBE5448F0E40" box="[867,951,1028,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,240,1507]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[165,1422,193,1547]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 19. Phylogenetic relationships of Corethrella from Borneo to other species and showing their distributions. Numbers refer to character states given in Borkent (2008). Evidence for cladistic relationships given in Borkent (2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, it appears that this species has synapomorphy 40 (pedicel with strong setae), which would place it elsewhere in the phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFF78FBAB46030E3E" box="[151,315,1098,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corethrellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We are inclined however, to question the validity of this synapomorphy – it is often difficult to interpret consistently in specimens and its distribution may have been misrepresented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B18B4C8AA05FFAFFB92FB8C42140ED9" author="Borkent" box="[1149,1324,1133,1157]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Borkent, A. (2008) The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa, 1804,1 - 456." type="book" year="2008">Borkent (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF28FB6E450E0F25" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFF28FB6E46190EFB" box="[199,289,1167,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFEC2FB6E46A00EFB" box="[301,408,1167,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, female adult on microscope slide, labeled "
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFC7EFB6E43100EFB" box="[913,1064,1167,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFBDEFB7146370E96" authority="Borkent and Grafe" authorityName="Borkent and Grafe" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipigmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFBDEFB7142010EF4" box="[1073,1337,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Corethrella bipigmenta</emphasis>
|
||
Borkent and Grafe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", "Tributary of Sungai Temburong in Temburong district of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFC21FB5343930E96" box="[974,1195,1202,1226]" name="Brunei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brunei Darussalam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA05FFAFFB55FB5342150E96" box="[1210,1325,1202,1226]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="115.15">115° 09'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA05FFAFFAD3FB5342AF0E96" box="[1340,1431,1202,1226]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="4.55">4° 33'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA05FFAFFF78FB3446080EB1" box="[151,304,1237,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-08-22">22-VIII-2006</date>
|
||
, U. Grafe, CD2069" (CNCI).
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFD70FB3744340EB2" box="[671,780,1238,1262]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on microscope slides: 2 Ƥ, labeled as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFAFEFB34424B0EB1" box="[1297,1395,1237,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1, CNCI; 1 UBD).
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA05FFAFFE8FFB1846F50F4D" box="[352,461,1273,1297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on pins: 2 Ƥ, from Kuala Belalong, Ulu Temburong NP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFB88FB19438E0F4C" box="[1127,1206,1272,1296]" name="Brunei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA05FFAFFB2CFB1942380F4C" box="[1219,1280,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA05FFAFFAE0FB1942A40F4C" box="[1295,1436,1272,1296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2007-07-23">23-VII-2007</date>
|
||
(CNCI); 4 Ƥ, from Sungai Esu, Ulu Temburong NP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFD1EFAFA44780F6F" box="[753,832,1307,1331]" name="Brunei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA05FFAFFCA3FAFA44B00F6F" box="[844,904,1307,1331]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA05FFAFFC79FAFA431A0F6F" box="[918,1058,1307,1331]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-07-11">11-VII-2008</date>
|
||
(CNCI); 2 Ƥ, from Sungai Baki, Ulu Temburong NP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFE6DFADF46E90F0A" box="[386,465,1342,1366]" name="Brunei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA05FFAFFE32FADF451F0F0A" box="[477,551,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA05FFAFFDDBFADF45FA0F0A" box="[564,706,1342,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-07-18">18-VII-2008</date>
|
||
(1 CNCI; 1 UBD); 1 Ƥ, Sungai
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFBD8FADE43480F0A" box="[1079,1136,1343,1366]" name="Malta" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ikan, Ulu Temburong NP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA05FFAFFF78FA8047DE0F25" box="[151,230,1377,1401]" name="Brunei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA05FFAFFF1EFA8046010F25" box="[241,313,1377,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA05FFAFFEAAFA8046ED0F25" box="[325,469,1377,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-07-10">10-VII-2008</date>
|
||
, (UBD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA05FFAFFF28FA6543980FE3" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
DERIVATION OF SPECIFIC EPITHET: The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA05FFAFFCF9FA6544AC0FC0" box="[790,916,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipigmenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA05FFAFFCF9FA6544AC0FC0" box="[790,916,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">bipigmenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two, pigment) refers to differently pigmented palpal segments 1–2 (dark) and segments 3–5 (lightly pigmented) of females of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |