274 lines
32 KiB
XML
274 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="65BE7B14F68F7AC9557F14ECAFA0E90F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210864" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc8606df-9e8b-44af-a522-0fd0ae7b1349" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210864" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460475468456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Borkent, Art & Grafe, Ulmar" docDate="2012" docId="9720782FAA00FFB5FF78FC6744A30926" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03279p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3279" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corethrella (Corethrella) bicincta Borkent, Grafe" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="6B190057AA0FFFA5FFEFFFE147380A5C" masterDocTitle="The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo — From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698306645417" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="07D0EA6A3F0BCE89F6AC147FD396E660">
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<mods:title id="73E7D5872A7A7A50BF394F6753EE9F21">The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo — From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="754089AC4DAB439618CA4E2A24FB34A7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="19600D11FF2033FBC2E0926CACCF417A">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6319C6308D23CEA6A4DC3F35B1C78E5">Grafe, Ulmar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3BB086F45908F217AEC32F528F570903">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0DB17F71ED5D2DF49396044734EEDAC7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8099BAD85CD4011EC9F7B9365E5C5364">
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<mods:date id="7AD2E3509DFB2CD95D39CF9AB6BE5974">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="39769805AD49C2250B824B235AD53608" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2D70846624BA69D47B5CC5B6CE012BB1">3279</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8A05161BEF363D6D8022B53B829B5524" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210864</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="87D7E54B7C816BFC78940BEDDD150634" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9720782FAA00FFB5FF78FC6744A30926" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9720782FAA00FFB5FF78FC6744A30926" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9720782FAA00FFB5FF78FC6744A30926" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA00FFAAFF78FC67457A099E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA00FFAAFF78FC67432809FC" blockId="15.[151,1040,902,962]" box="[151,1040,902,928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="447E7E55AA00FFAAFF78FC67432809FC" bold="true" box="[151,1040,902,928]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFF78FC67432809FC" bold="true" box="[151,1040,902,928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA00FFAAFF78FC6745CB09FC" authority="Borkent, Grafe" authorityName="Borkent, Grafe" box="[151,755,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta" subGenus="Corethrella">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFF78FC67461A09FC" bold="true" box="[151,290,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Corethrella</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFEDDFC67468409FC" bold="true" box="[306,444,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Corethrella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFE21FC67451609FC" bold="true" box="[462,558,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">bicincta</emphasis>
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Borkent, Grafe
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</taxonomicName>
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& Miyagi, new species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA00FFAAFF78FC4B457A099E" blockId="15.[151,1040,902,962]" box="[151,578,938,962]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFF70FC4B47D4099E" box="[159,236,938,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[161,1425,193,1964]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus of adult female Corethrella, in lateral view, all in alcohol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210869/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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D, 7C, 8J, 11A, 12J,
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<date id="6B37EFF9AA00FFAAFE39FC4B46C5099E" box="[470,509,938,962]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1913-01">13I</date>
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, 15B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA00FFAAFF78FC1045040EC4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA00FFAAFF78FC1045040EC4" blockId="15.[151,1437,1009,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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DIAGNOSIS:
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFEA0FC1046EF0E55" box="[335,471,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA00FFAAFEA0FC1046B10E55" box="[335,393,1009,1033]" name="Malta" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male</collectingCountry>
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adult.
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</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFD9CFC10442E0E55" box="[627,790,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Female adult.</emphasis>
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Only extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA00FFAAFBD5FC1043830E55" box="[1082,1211,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFBD5FC1043830E55" box="[1082,1211,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Corethrella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Oceanian and northern Australasian Regions with the combination of a subapical band on the wing (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFA81FBF447F80E0D" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 12J</figureCitation>
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), a uniformly brown abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFDDFFBD845B70E0D" box="[560,655,1081,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A – J" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2013,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1991]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. A – J. Abdomens of female Corethrella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210877/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Fig.
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<date id="6B37EFF9AA00FFAAFD89FBD845B70E0D" box="[614,655,1081,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1913-01">13I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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), and with the hind tibia with darker pigmentation at base and apex (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFF70FBBD46300E28" box="[159,264,1116,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A – B" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1967,1990]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,196,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1945]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. A – B. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted. C. Portion of midfemur of female C. calathicola, at about distal third of femur, showing scales, dorsal view (with leg extended laterally from body)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210875/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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). Only extant species in Borneo with the combination of a subapical band on the wing (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFB1DFBBD42770E28" box="[1266,1359,1116,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 12J</figureCitation>
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) and a uniformly brown abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFE3DFB6145170EC4" box="[466,559,1152,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A – J" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2013,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1991]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. A – J. Abdomens of female Corethrella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210877/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Fig.
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<date id="6B37EFF9AA00FFAAFDE8FB6145170EC4" box="[519,559,1152,1176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1913-01">13I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA00FFAAFF28FB4545330DEF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA00FFAAFF28FB45450F0DD3" blockId="15.[151,1437,1009,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFE73FB45451B0EE0" box="[412,547,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA00FFAAFE73FB4546EE0EE0" box="[412,470,1188,1212]" name="Malta" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male</collectingCountry>
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adult.
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</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFD53FB45446D0EE0" box="[700,853,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Female adult</emphasis>
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. Descriptive statistics: See
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<tableCitation id="520BFC82AA00FFAAFB45FB4542350EE0" box="[1194,1293,1188,1212]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="43.[151,235,1396,1417]" captionText="TABLE 6. Identity of species of Corethrella studied by Grafe et al. (2008) (their morphotype number and characterization). Morphotype # Morphotype characterization Identification here" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tables 6</tableCitation>
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–11.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFABBFB4442AC0EE1" bold="true" box="[1364,1428,1189,1213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Head</emphasis>
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: Outline in anterior view laterally somewhat elongate (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFD1DFB2644720E83" box="[754,842,1223,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – D" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1998,2021]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1974]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,175,1975]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – D. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view. E – H. Antennal flagellomeres 1 – 4 of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210871/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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). Coronal suture elongate, extending to midheight to ventrally past ommatidia. Two large setae on frons between ventromedial area of ommatidia. Antenna uniformly medium brown; pedicel with distinctive, more elongate, stout, dorsal or dorsolateral setae; flagellomeres as in
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFA9FFAEE479D0F17" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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J; sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1, (8), 9–13, flagellomeres 1 with several, 9–13 with 2 sensilla; flagellomere 13 with well-developed apical bifurcation. Clypeus (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFC94FAB644E90F33" box="[891,977,1367,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – D" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1998,2021]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1974]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,175,1975]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – D. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view. E – H. Antennal flagellomeres 1 – 4 of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210871/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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) wide. Mandible with moderately small, pointed teeth. Palpus (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFE76FA9B46D70FCE" box="[409,495,1402,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – D" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1998,2021]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1974]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,175,1975]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – D. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view. E – H. Antennal flagellomeres 1 – 4 of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210871/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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) brown; segment 3 swollen subapically.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFC2EFA9A43210FCF" bold="true" box="[961,1049,1403,1427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thorax</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFBC6FA9B43A90FCE" box="[1065,1169,1402,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A – B" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1967,1990]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,196,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1945]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. A – B. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted. C. Portion of midfemur of female C. calathicola, at about distal third of femur, showing scales, dorsal view (with leg extended laterally from body)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210875/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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): Uniformly medium to dark brown but scutum with anterolateral darker patch of darker pigmentation, pale sclerites around base of wing. Posterior portion of dorsocentral row with 2 elongate setae situated somewhat lateral to one another. Prescutal suture elongate, thick, interrupted by area of pale cuticle, extending nearly to dorsocentral row of setae. Anterior anepisternum divided diagonally by sinuous suture, dorsal portion about equal to ventral portion. Ventral portion of posterior anepisternum triangular, uniformly brown, with anterodorsal margin thick.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFB9BF9CC438C0C1A" bold="true" box="[1140,1204,1581,1606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFB2AF9CC421D0C19" box="[1221,1317,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 12J</figureCitation>
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): Apex of R2 equal to apex of M1. Anterior margin with differently, discretely pigmented scales (indicating anterior margin of wing bands), basal band with dark scales on C, Sc, R, subbasal band with dark scales on R, M, A1, midlength band entire, subapical band with dark scales but R4+5 pale; veins (other than costa and wing margin) with well-developed scales. Halter as dark as scutellum.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFDDBF92445540C81" bold="true" box="[564,620,1733,1757]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFD94F92545DB0C80" box="[635,739,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A – B" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1967,1990]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,196,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1945]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. A – B. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted. C. Portion of midfemur of female C. calathicola, at about distal third of femur, showing scales, dorsal view (with leg extended laterally from body)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210875/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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): Uniformly pigmented dark brown, except for poorly defined lighter pigmentation on apex of forefemur, base of foretibiae in some, in all apical 0.3 of hind femur pale, hind tibiae pale but with basal and apical bands of dark pigmentation. With only slender setae, lacking scales. Midleg with thick, subapical setae on each of at least tarsomeres 1–3. Claws of each leg equal to those of others; equal on each leg, simple (without inner teeth). Empodia slender.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFCC2F8B244990D30" bold="true" box="[813,929,1875,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA00FFAAFC5CF8B2432A0D37" box="[947,1042,1875,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A – J" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2013,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1991]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. A – J. Abdomens of female Corethrella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210877/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Fig.
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||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA00FFAAFC06F8B2432A0D37" box="[1001,1042,1875,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1913-01">13I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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): Uniformly medium brown, with segments 8–9. Cercus darker brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA00FFAAFF28F87D45330DEF" blockId="15.[151,1437,1009,1971]" box="[199,523,1947,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA00FFAAFF28F87D46B80DEF" box="[199,384,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Immature stages</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA1FFFB5FF28FF7644A30926" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA1FFFB5FF28FF7645CB0B47" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA1FFFB5FD71FF7944BC0AEC" box="[670,900,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FD71FF7944BC0AEC" box="[670,900,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corethrella bicincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FBA3FF7643A00AF3" box="[1100,1176,151,175]" name="Brunei" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FADBFF7642AF0AF3" box="[1332,1431,151,175]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FF78FF5A47C60A8F" box="[151,254,187,211]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA1FFFB5FEE0FF5A464C0A8F" box="[271,372,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – B" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[202,1408,229,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – B. Distributions of species of Corethrella from Borneo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210879/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
) at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FDD0FF5A45FB0A8F" box="[575,707,187,211]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5649999999999995" metricValueMax="10.83" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="556.5" valueMax="1083.0" valueMin="30.0">30–1083 m</quantity>
|
||
. Habitats include mid-elevation peat swamps or a nearby river (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA1FFFB5FF70FF3E47E70AAB" box="[159,223,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1857,1880]" captionTargetBox="[211,1379,193,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[211,1379,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitats from which Corethrella adults were collected with a frog-call trap in Brunei (species collected given in parentheses). A. 12 km S. Liang, Brunei (C. tigrina, C. lutea, C. calathicola, C. pauciseta, C. gilva) (authors, for scale). B. Nepenthes ampullaria, 12 km S. Liang, Brunei (C. calathicola). C. 12.5 km S. Liang, Brunei (same species as for A) (first author, for scale). D. 20 km N. Labi, Luagan Lalak Forestry Rec. Site, Brunei (C. lutea). E. Belalong River, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, Brunei (C. lutea, C. bipigmenta, C. mitra). F. Sungai Esu, Ulu Temburong NP, Brunei (C. tigrina, C. bipigmenta, C. mitra) (first author's wife Annette, for scale). G. Pa Umor, 5 km E. Bario (C. bicincta, C. unizona)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210865/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G) and steep terrain in lowland mature mixed dipterocarp forest. They were collected with frog-call traps and on a calling male of one species of frog (Table 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA1FFFB5FF28FEC6469F0849" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FCF2FEC644510B63" box="[797,873,295,319]" name="Brunei" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Gunung Mulu National Park (low elevations) were smaller (wing length less than
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FDC4FEAB45BA0B3E" box="[555,642,330,354]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than those from the Bario highlands (wing length more than
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FAD9FEAB42A80B3E" box="[1334,1424,330,354]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA1FFFB5FF78FE8F46460BDA" box="[151,382,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FF78FE8F46460BDA" box="[151,382,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corethrella bicincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be the first Old World species of the
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FC7AFE8F430A0BDA" box="[917,1074,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">quadrivittatus</emphasis>
|
||
species group. It has all the synapomorphies of the lineage identified by characters 39–44 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B18B4C8AA1FFFB5FCBAFE73436E0BF6" author="Borkent" box="[853,1110,402,426]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Borkent, A. (2008) The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa, 1804,1 - 456." type="book" year="2008">Borkent 2008: fig. 141</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) although character 44 could not be scored (present only in the currently unknown male).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA1FFFB5FC6AFE5743550B92" box="[901,1133,438,462]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FC6AFE5743550B92" box="[901,1133,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corethrella bicincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks, however, both the apomorphic state of characters 33 and 68 and must be considered as unplaced until other life stages and character states become available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA1FFFB5FF28FDC0421D096F" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA1FFFB5FF28FDC046190865" box="[199,289,545,569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA1FFFB5FEDFFDC046A30865" box="[304,411,545,569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, female adult on microscope slide, labeled "
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA1FFFB5FC49FDC043050865" box="[934,1085,545,569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA1FFFB5FBA6FDC047EF0800" authority="Borkent, Grafe" authorityName="Borkent, Grafe" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FBA6FDC042170865" box="[1097,1327,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corethrella bicincta</emphasis>
|
||
Borkent, Grafe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Miyagi", "Gunung Mulu National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FD0AFDA544700800" box="[741,840,580,604]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FCB8FDA544F90800" box="[855,961,580,604]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Headquarters,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FB9AFDA543C40800" box="[1141,1276,580,604]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2009-11-14">14-XI-2009</date>
|
||
; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA1FFFB5FADEFDA446B108DC" authority="U. Grafe" authorityName="U. Grafe" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FADEFDA4462B08DC" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hylarana glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
, U. Grafe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;" (CNCI).
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA1FFFB5FDE9FD88454B08DD" box="[518,627,617,641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on microscope slides: 1 Ƥ, labeled as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA1FFFB5FBAAFD89439F08DC" box="[1093,1191,616,640]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(CNCI); 10 Ƥ, Bario,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FF78FD6D47C208F8" box="[151,250,652,676]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FEE3FD6D464D08F8" box="[268,373,652,676]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FE69FD6D46DB08F8" box="[390,483,652,676]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1060.0">1060 m</quantity>
|
||
, on several dates:
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FD25FD6D446E08F8" box="[714,854,652,676]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-08-02">2-VIII-2007</date>
|
||
, 6,7-IX-2007,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FBE8FD6D43A508F8" box="[1031,1181,652,676]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2008-08-29">29-VIII-2008</date>
|
||
(9, CNCI; 1, UBD).
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA1FFFB5FF78FD51463C0894" box="[151,260,688,712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on pins: 1 Ƥ, Pa Umor,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FDF8FD4E4569089B" box="[535,593,687,711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
E. Bario,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FD2BFD4E441F089B" box="[708,807,687,711]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FCDCFD4E44A4089B" box="[819,924,687,711]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FC47FD4E4338089B" box="[936,1024,687,711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.083" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1083.0">1083 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FBE3FD4E43A8089B" box="[1036,1168,687,711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-11-25">25-XI-2010</date>
|
||
(CNCI); 1 Ƥ,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FADAFD4E42BC089B" box="[1333,1412,687,711]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
E Pa Umor,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA1FFFB5FEE1FD32464C08B7" box="[270,372,723,747]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="3.7333333">03°44' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA1FFFB5FE91FD3246DF08B7" box="[382,487,723,747]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="115.5">115°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FE19FD32456108B7" box="[502,601,723,747]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FD88FD3245E808B7" box="[615,720,723,747]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FD30FD32440108B7" box="[735,825,723,747]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.083" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1083.0">1083 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FCA7FD3244F408B7" box="[840,972,723,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-11-27">27-XI-2010</date>
|
||
(CNCI); 11 Ƥ, Sungai Ingei,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FAC5FD32424308B7" box="[1322,1403,723,747]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="8.2">8.2 km</quantity>
|
||
S. Melilas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FF15FD1646710953" box="[250,329,759,783]" name="Brunei" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FEBAFD1646A80953" box="[341,400,759,783]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FE72FD16453E0953" box="[413,518,759,783]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-07">VII-2010</date>
|
||
(10, CNCI; 1 UBD); 12 Ƥ, from previous locality but
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FB9CFD1642390953" box="[1139,1281,759,783]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-07-10">10-VII-2010</date>
|
||
(11, CNCI; 1 UBD); 5 Ƥ, Gunung Mulu National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FD80FCFA45EA096F" box="[623,722,795,819]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA1FFFB5FD31FCFA447F096F" box="[734,839,795,819]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Headquarters,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA1FFFB5FC19FCFA4309096F" box="[1014,1073,795,819]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA1FFFB5FBD2FCFA43F9096F" box="[1085,1217,795,819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2009-11-14">14-XI-2009</date>
|
||
(CNCI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA1FFFB5FF28FCDE44A30926" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
DERIVATION OF SPECIFIC EPITHET: The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA1FFFB5FCD6FCDE44AB090B" box="[825,915,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA1FFFB5FCD6FCDE44AB090B" box="[825,915,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">bicincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two belts) refers to the presence of both a midlength and subapical band on the wing of females of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |