313 lines
37 KiB
XML
313 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="E3DB71D3CC57879805D046AD486701CC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5174192" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5174192" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628335183268" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mawdsley, Jonathan R." docDate="2012" docId="2B55EA35FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDC6F8F8" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0228.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2012 (228)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Graphipterus cordiger Dejean 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="D76C924DFFEDFFC5FFF1BC3EFFE9FFC2" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the ancora species group of Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1699045096987" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="0A564E584B950804BFF51928EDA73DD6">A taxonomic review of the ancora species group of Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75131E6392D6657306E28586867480D0">Mawdsley, Jonathan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="47558B283F0FD3460FAAB3DA8E2D0E5D">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A23AC9F3C308F73E93E30F4E92571306">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="038B6061C8518448511D68DB9FA245E9">2012</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2B55EA35FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDC6F8F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5187072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5187072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B55EA35FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDC6F8F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B55EA35FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDC6F8F8" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="EBE608A8FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDB7FF1B" box="[192,606,193,217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDB7FF1B" blockId="6.[192,606,193,250]" box="[192,606,193,217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDB7FF1B" ID-CoL="3H96P" authority="Dejean" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" box="[192,606,193,217]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
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<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFDB7FF1B" bold="true" box="[192,606,193,217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BCFFFE1FFF1B" bold="true" box="[192,502,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus cordiger</emphasis>
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Dejean
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EBE608A8FFEBFFC3FF31BCDCFE99FF38" box="[192,368,226,250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BCDCFE99FF38" blockId="6.[192,606,193,250]" box="[192,368,226,250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation id="3BC747A6FFEBFFC3FF31BCDCFE99FF38" box="[192,368,226,250]" captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="7.[193,288,1050,1072]" captionTargetBox="[202,1410,197,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-191@7.[192,1440,197,1029]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 10–18. Adult habitus images of specimens of species in the ancora species group, from the TMSA collection. Specimen identifications by P. Basilewsky are given in brackets after the current valid name for the specimen figured. 10) G. cordiger [G. cordiger cordiger Dejean], Gideon’s Kraal Farm, 30.38 S, 25.34 E, Northern Cape Province, RSA. 11) G. cordiger [G. cordiger hamatus Boheman], nr. Hartbeespoort Dam, North West Province, RSA. 12) G. cordiger [G. cordiger subcordiger Basilewsky, paratype], Swakopmund, Namibia. 13) G. cordiger [G. cordiger subhamatus Basilewsky, paratype], Thornybush, Limpopo Province, RSA. 14) G. cordiger [G. cordiger zambezianus Péringuey], Salisbury, Mashonaland (modern-day Harare, Zimbabwe). 15) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger betshuana Burgeon], Grootdraai, Mpumalanga Province, RSA. 16) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger natalicus Basilewsky, paratype], “Natal,” KwaZulu/Natal Province, RSA. 17) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger transfugus Péringuey], Nylsvley, Limpopo Province, RSA. 18) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger wahlbergi Boheman], Ohrigstad, Mpumalanga Province, RSA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5174196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5174196/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 10–14</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EBE608A8FFEBFFC3FF31BD1CFC9AFDF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BD1CFDAEFE98" blockId="6.[192,1441,290,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="83EC7C0DFFEBFFC3FF31BD1CFDAEFE98" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="225D7D32FFEBFFC3FF31BD1CFD3BFEF8" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[192,722,290,314]" page="461" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1831">
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<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF31BD1CFD3BFEF8" ID-CoL="3H96P" authority="(Dejean 1831: 461)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityPageNumber="461" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[192,722,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
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<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BD1CFE3EFEF8" box="[192,471,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus cordiger</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FE1BBD1CFD23FEF8" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[490,714,290,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref7604" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. 1831. Species general des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Baron Dejean, Tome V. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils; Paris. viii + 883 p." type="book" year="1831">Dejean 1831: 461</bibRefCitation>
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)
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(
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<typeStatus id="7C47E581FFEBFFC3FD17BD1CFCB3FEF8" box="[742,858,290,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, Cap de Bonne-Espérance, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BD5CFE2AFE58" blockId="6.[192,1441,290,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="225D7D32FFEBFFC3FF31BD5CFD39FEB8" author="Boheman, C." box="[192,720,354,378]" page=")" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1848">
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<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF31BD5CFD39FEB8" authority="Boheman (1848: 81)" authorityName="Boheman" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1848" box="[192,720,354,378]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">
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<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BD5CFE3EFEB8" box="[192,471,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus hamatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FE2CBD5CFD39FEB8" author="Boheman, C." box="[477,720,354,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref7411" refString="Boheman, C. 1848. Insecta Caffraria, annis 1838 - 1845 a J. A. Wahlberg collecta, pars 1 fasc. 1. Officina Norstedtiana; Stockholm. 626 p." type="book" year="1848">Boheman (1848: 81)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="7C47E581FFEBFFC3FD2FBD5CFCB9FEB8" box="[734,848,354,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, in Caffraria interiore, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BD9CFA48FE78" blockId="6.[192,1441,290,570]" box="[192,1441,418,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="83EC7C0DFFEBFFC3FF31BD9CFA48FE78" box="[192,1441,418,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="225D7D32FFEBFFC3FF31BD9CFD12FE78" author="Peringuey, L." box="[192,763,418,442]" page=")" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1892">
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<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF31BD9CFD12FE78" authority="Peringuey (1892: 99)" authorityName="Peringuey" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1892" box="[192,763,418,442]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zambezianus">
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<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BD9CFDEBFE78" box="[192,514,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus zambezianus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FDF6BD9CFD12FE78" author="Peringuey, L." box="[519,763,418,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 143" refId="ref8015" refString="Peringuey, L. 1892. Fourth contribution to the South African Coleopterous fauna. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 6 (2): 95 - 143." type="journal article" year="1892">Péringuey (1892: 99)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="7C47E581FFEBFFC3FCF9BD9CFC91FE78" box="[776,888,418,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Near
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||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FC32BD9CFB9AFE78" box="[963,1139,418,442]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Zambezi River</collectingRegion>
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||
, South African Museum).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BDFCFBEBFE38" blockId="6.[192,1441,290,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="83EC7C0DFFEBFFC3FF31BDFCFBEBFE38" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="225D7D32FFEBFFC3FF31BDFCFC95FE18" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[192,892,450,474]" page="76" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1977">
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<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF31BDFCFC95FE18" ID-CoL="7GVMD" authority="Basilewsky (1977: 76" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1977" box="[192,892,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cordiger" subSpecies="subcordiger">
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||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BDFCFD83FE18" box="[192,618,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus cordiger subcordiger</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FD82BDFCFC95FE18" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[627,892,450,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky (1977: 76</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 81-82) (
|
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<typeStatus id="7C47E581FFEBFFC3FC19BDFCFBB3FE18" box="[1000,1114,450,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, South West Africa, Farm Neitsas, bez. Groottfontein, Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BE3CFC9AFDF8" blockId="6.[192,1441,290,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="83EC7C0DFFEBFFC3FF31BE3CFC9AFDF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="225D7D32FFEBFFC3FF31BE3CFC40FDD8" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[192,937,514,538]" page="77" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1977">
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||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF31BE3CFC40FDD8" ID-CoL="7H7MD" authority="Basilewsky (1977: 76 - 77" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1977" box="[192,937,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cordiger" subSpecies="subhamatus">
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<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BE3CFD98FDD8" box="[192,625,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus cordiger subhamatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FD8BBE3CFC40FDD8" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[634,937,514,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky (1977: 76-77</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 84) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="7C47E581FFEBFFC3FC1CBE3CFBB6FDD8" box="[1005,1119,514,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Natal, Port Natal, Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EBE608A8FFEBFFC3FF31BE5FFA7CFC9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BE5FFA7CFC9B" blockId="6.[192,1441,609,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BE5FFEB9FDBB" bold="true" box="[192,336,609,633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Smaller adults, length
|
||
<quantity id="6404F6C6FFEBFFC3FD81BE5FFD1DFDBB" box="[624,756,609,633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Pattern of elytral vestiture distinctive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3BC747A6FFEBFFC3FB11BE5CFA7AFDB8" box="[1248,1427,610,634]" captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="7.[193,288,1050,1072]" captionTargetBox="[202,1410,197,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-191@7.[192,1440,197,1029]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 10–18. Adult habitus images of specimens of species in the ancora species group, from the TMSA collection. Specimen identifications by P. Basilewsky are given in brackets after the current valid name for the specimen figured. 10) G. cordiger [G. cordiger cordiger Dejean], Gideon’s Kraal Farm, 30.38 S, 25.34 E, Northern Cape Province, RSA. 11) G. cordiger [G. cordiger hamatus Boheman], nr. Hartbeespoort Dam, North West Province, RSA. 12) G. cordiger [G. cordiger subcordiger Basilewsky, paratype], Swakopmund, Namibia. 13) G. cordiger [G. cordiger subhamatus Basilewsky, paratype], Thornybush, Limpopo Province, RSA. 14) G. cordiger [G. cordiger zambezianus Péringuey], Salisbury, Mashonaland (modern-day Harare, Zimbabwe). 15) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger betshuana Burgeon], Grootdraai, Mpumalanga Province, RSA. 16) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger natalicus Basilewsky, paratype], “Natal,” KwaZulu/Natal Province, RSA. 17) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger transfugus Péringuey], Nylsvley, Limpopo Province, RSA. 18) G. wahlbergi [G. cordiger wahlbergi Boheman], Ohrigstad, Mpumalanga Province, RSA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5174196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5174196/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 10–14</figureCitation>
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||
), with contrasting patches of yellowish-grey and black pubescence, the latter forming a narrow band along suture and a single broad, rounded lobe-like patch extending onto the disc but not attaining the lateral margin. The basal band of lighter pubescence has a distinct triangular projection onto the disc. The color of the lighter pubescence ranges from yellowish-grey to orange. This is also one of the few species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF2EBF3CFE6DFCD8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[223,388,770,794]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF2EBF3CFE6DFCD8" box="[223,388,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in which the second metatibial spur is arcuate and not spatulate (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FB31BF3CFA7AFCD8" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[1216,1427,770,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The shape of the patches of dark setae and the coloration of the lighter setae varies between populations and was used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FE63BF7CFDA6FC98" author="Burgeon, L." box="[402,591,834,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="273 - 351" refId="ref7492" refString="Burgeon, L. 1929. Monographie du genre Graphipterus Latr. Annales de la Societe Entomologique du Belgique 69: 273 - 351." type="journal article" year="1929">Burgeon (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FD7CBF7CFC84FC98" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[653,877,834,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the basis for recognizing subspecific taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EBE608A8FFEBFFC3FF31BFBFFDC6F8F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31BFBFFB40FC18" blockId="6.[192,1440,897,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31BFBFFE9DFC5B" bold="true" box="[192,372,897,921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FE8BBFBCFE1EFC5B" box="[378,503,898,921]" name="Botswana" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FDF2BFBCFD8EFC58" box="[515,615,898,922]" name="Lesotho" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FD83BFBCFD38FC58" box="[626,721,898,922]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FD2CBFBCFC97FC58" box="[733,894,898,922]" name="Mozambique" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FC78BFBCFC1EFC58" box="[905,1015,898,922]" name="Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FBF3BFBCFAC7FC58" box="[1026,1326,898,922]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FACCBFBCFEE8FC78" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FEFABF9CFE64FC78" box="[267,397,930,954]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Free State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FE66BF9CFDEAFC78" box="[407,515,930,954]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Gauteng</collectingRegion>
|
||
, KwaZulu/Natal,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FD29BF9CFC78FC78" box="[728,913,930,954]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FC6ABF9CFBC2FC7B" box="[923,1067,930,954]" country="South Africa" name="North West" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">North West</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="613895C1FFEBFFC3FB99BF9CFAFAFC78" box="[1128,1299,930,954]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Provinces),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FF31BFFCFEC9FC18" box="[192,288,962,986]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FEDDBFFCFE46FC18" box="[300,431,962,986]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
. For a list of collecting localities see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FC9FBFFCFB4CFC18" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[878,1189,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky (1977: 80-87)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF31B83FFD37F978" blockId="6.[192,1440,1025,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF31B83FFE5EFBD8" bold="true" box="[192,439,1025,1050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Taxonomic Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The names listed above in synonymy (as well as many of the taxa listed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FA75B83CFED2FBF8" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FA75B83CFED2FBF8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below) were generally considered valid species before
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FC10B81CFB76FBF8" author="Burgeon, L." box="[993,1183,1058,1082]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="273 - 351" refId="ref7492" refString="Burgeon, L. 1929. Monographie du genre Graphipterus Latr. Annales de la Societe Entomologique du Belgique 69: 273 - 351." type="journal article" year="1929">Burgeon (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed them as subspecies under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FE9EB87CFE1FFB98" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[367,502,1090,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FE9EB87CFE1FFB98" box="[367,502,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. cordiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FDF4B87CFD0CFB98" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[517,741,1090,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated all of the names that I have included here under the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FEBCB85CFE3DFBB8" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[333,468,1122,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FEBCB85CFE3DFBB8" box="[333,468,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. cordiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FDE1B85CFD46FBB8" box="[528,687,1122,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FDE1B85CFD46FBB8" box="[528,687,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subspecies of a single polytypic species, which he called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FA75B85CFECDFB58" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FA75B85CFECDFB58" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. cordiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by priority. This approach is problematic, as there are clear areas of overlap between many of the alleged subspecific forms (e.g. between
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FD3EB89CFC65FB78" box="[719,908,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. betshuana</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FC38B89CFB74FB78" box="[969,1181,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. subhamatus</emphasis>
|
||
, between
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FAE8B89CFF16FB1B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. betshuana</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FECCB8FCFDF3FB18" box="[317,538,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FE8AB8FCFDF3FB18" authorityName="Peringuey" authorityYear="1892" box="[379,538,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zambezianus">zambezianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and between
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FD3CB8FCFC9EFB18" box="[717,887,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FCFAB8FCFC9EFB18" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1848" box="[779,887,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">hamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FC44B8FCFB9EFB18" box="[949,1143,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FC02B8FCFB9EFB18" authorityName="Peringuey" authorityYear="1896" box="[1011,1143,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transfugus">transfugus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and these overlapping populations generally lack intergrade forms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FD17B8DCFC51FB38" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[742,952,1250,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, several pairs of putative subspecies (
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FEA2B93CFE1FFAD8" box="[339,502,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FE63B93CFE1FFAD8" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[402,502,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">cordiger</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FDC4B93CFCEAFAD8" box="[565,771,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. subcordiger</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FCE3B93CFC57FAD8" box="[786,958,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FCA3B93CFC57FAD8" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1848" box="[850,958,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">hamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FC0DB93CFB3BFAD8" box="[1020,1234,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. subhamatus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FB10B93CFA49FAD8" box="[1249,1440,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. betshuana</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF04B91CFE45FAF8" box="[245,428,1314,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cordiger" subSpecies="wahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF04B91CFE45FAF8" box="[245,428,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have identical patterns of elytral pubescence and can be separated only by collecting locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FEAAB97CFDC6FA98" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[347,559,1346,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Having examined extensive collections of this species in the museum collections listed above, I came to the conclusion that at least two separate species are present. One species has a large rounded patch of dark pubescence on the elytra, and a triangular projection on disc associated with the basal band of light pubescence. The other species has a more transverse, often rectangular band of dark pubescence on the elytra, and consistently lacks the triangular projection from the basal band of light pubescence. By priority, these two species are named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FBC9B9DCFB56FA38" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1080,1215,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FBC9B9DCFB56FA38" box="[1080,1215,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. cordiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FB0AB9DCFA70FA38" box="[1275,1433,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FB0AB9DCFA70FA38" box="[1275,1433,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. Recognition of two separate species resolves the problems associated with overlapping subspecies, since the observed areas of overlap are always between forms with a rounded patch of dark pubescence and forms with a transverse band of dark pubescence. The subspecific taxa with identical markings can be interpreted as disjunct populations of either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FC4ABA5CFBAAF9B8" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[955,1091,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FC4ABA5CFBAAF9B8" box="[955,1091,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. cordiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in the case of
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FB0CBA5CFA49F9B8" box="[1277,1440,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FACDBA5CFA49F9B8" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1340,1440,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">cordiger</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF06BABCFE2FF958" box="[247,454,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. subcordiger</emphasis>
|
||
and in the case of
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FD40BABCFCB4F958" box="[689,861,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FD00BABCFCB4F958" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1848" box="[753,861,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">hamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FC6CBABCFB9DF958" box="[925,1140,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. subhamatus</emphasis>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FB57BABCFAAFF958" box="[1190,1350,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FB57BABCFAAFF958" box="[1190,1350,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in the case of
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FEE8BA9CFE3EF978" box="[281,471,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. betshuana</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FDE5BA9CFD24F978" box="[532,717,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cordiger" subSpecies="wahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FDE5BA9CFD24F978" box="[532,717,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">G. c. wahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A3435B23FFEBFFC3FF01BAFCFDC6F8F8" blockId="6.[192,1440,1025,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64FC20A0FFEBFFC3FF01BAFCFDECF918" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[240,517,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="91888731FFEBFFC3FF01BAFCFDECF918" box="[240,517,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Graphipterus cordiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as restricted here is generally distributed throughout the southern and central provinces of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FE00BADCFCCEF938" box="[497,807,1762,1786]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with populations also in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FB3CBADCFAD2F938" box="[1229,1339,1762,1786]" name="Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FF31BB3CFEABF8D8" box="[192,322,1794,1818]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FE30BB3CFDC8F8D8" box="[449,545,1794,1818]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FD51BB3CFCA8F8D8" box="[672,833,1794,1818]" name="Mozambique" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBEB1BB3FFEBFFC3FC71BB3CFC09F8D8" box="[896,992,1794,1818]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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. For a full synonymy for this species, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C76D26D2FFEBFFC3FF1FBB1CFDC2F8F8" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[238,555,1826,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7374" refString="Basilewsky, P. 1977. Revision du genre Graphipterus Latreille (Coleoptera Carabidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences Zoologiques 221: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1977">Basilewsky (1977: 76–77)</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |