plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/1C/2B/BF/1C2BBF0D23CC59BDB193C88B171DB1B8.xml
maintenance 042285ff4f added 1C
2024-06-21 12:30:48 +02:00

234 lines
34 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-211" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840" ID-ZooBank="921F39DA40BB47968E362194D1E9A138" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-2-211" checkinTime="1687815010481" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yamamoto, Shuhei" docDate="2023" docId="1C2BBF0D23CC59BDB193C88B171DB1B8" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(2): 211-235" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (2)" docPubDate="2023-06-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597" docTitle="Oncelytris Li &amp; Cai 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840" masterDocTitle="The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1687815010481" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="512006D32479F5DA819F6F4FEA865D77" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="20590AB0CE129412350BE59B1B5BAB98">
<mods:title id="567F349313FE72E400B02CE4C6F28870">The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9706FDEC2EE6371F881092970258ABE6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="10192FE3F7B68A6BE46D51F5F3298C6D">
<mods:roleTerm id="AABC589785A08172D2FE9D3D1B6B9B03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="067D9B2D1EE7B2AE78E4855476D8F3C2">Yamamoto, Shuhei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="984F4FED1B4CB01BBBBE1DC9D49ADEE9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-8457</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E45FA4BF9141E33891A26A1D76B35F6B">The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 - jo, Nishi 8 - chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="32F451C6E94C802557D678C42699D574" type="email">s.yamamoto.64@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="50A680F7BD2C61C433938F459CC86C5A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E2903ADABAB82626BCAB72504F4BA4FF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="973305E19C7ECFB5B5E3A3E07978CE99">
<mods:title id="053FE8FBACA684DE6349E89E756EA952">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="596FAD4DB094C52322EA851A4E0CBF4A">
<mods:date id="0D290E418E548FEE48A86AA9C66639E4">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BF9F825076CE8678E212FAE3F1F91A6C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F3926A2EE23A07A3F37D2019DF29C674">2023-06-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E3FBBF493671A1A6F3CB384BC3BCC984" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DA38CDC180F9FAD4C88CB75C915B86F2">7</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7087214748EE7FEF487C749ED6645808" type="issue">
<mods:number id="F3E88F811F35BBCF567B4EF6557E3BBD">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A8B135F23D873940FB7F3226CCBCCEB1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0D685478374F3567822D8F03FB52BB38">211</mods:start>
<mods:end id="57B828E07960361F7B1307A913163293">235</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="4F9253271804CD05BCA067ED695649B1">
<mods:url id="5CCCD56134ED6D33E667019C68C1450F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="13C6756918F23EDEAB4D2B567C6AF898">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CDFE21BFF7C749592A96F004EA1E6196" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E38EFE4E35FA212EEC0FF43958988A13" type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-211</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EAEDE8EFF3EA854FA7B1360E0C559646" type="ZooBank">921F39DA40BB47968E362194D1E9A138</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FC9398E89292FB92DD8B9337BBFF95DE" type="Pensoft-UUID">2450BCB137055BB6B2E6185BCDA42840</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection id="8287EB13F717593FF7BABFE87F79D382" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="systematic paleontology">
<treatment id="1C2BBF0D23CC59BDB193C88B171DB1B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C2BBF0D23CC59BDB193C88B171DB1B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C2BBF0D23CC59BDB193C88B171DB1B8" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<subSubSection id="13E3F708295BA37C2369DD101B5F72CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2EE5F5EEF141BABD2AAB89C6EE337652" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="0C48919B66ED0C40838401A3D94EC808" ID-CoL="KPK" LSID="1C2BBF0D-23CC-59BD-B193-C88B171DB1B8" authority="gen. et sp. indet. 2" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2023" family="Lucanidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12B176A177F6F82734D22DC7DB187214" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="5FD129B53EAB673F71263CA4D85ED1BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<figureCitation id="2298148B1806AF1BD7E0903253D51F6E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General view of amber pieces with lucanid inclusions. A, B. Protonicagus mandibularis sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121205, showing dorsal (A) or lateral (B) views of the holotype; C. Cretognathus minutissimus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121206; D. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207; E. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A, B); 1.0 cm (C); 5.0 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868859" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F63CFEBB930F11D47B180F238FA90AA1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B37E5D849D92C737CF86A771C26BD6ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5EA31C1EB0C8857DC3BCD1864F1C09B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3865F2BBF48EE6562A142F3354E3604A" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<specimenCount id="5651E3E92B5FD59D684902F54DB1D55A" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(sex undertemined), a nearly complete adult preserved in a flattened semicircular yellowish amber, approximately
<quantity id="A3FF4D30EE43FC06B8545882BEB54015" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" unit="mm" value="16.7">16.7 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="0FE7371BEE98F8EF79C7FC683DF59EB9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="9793E2458417F810BB39543A06DD37E5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="200B93C16F03A94329ED76656688A6D0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="4FFDBEA7DE74CEC95FADA8ADD3D5592A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
in size (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C6DCA6ABD64124DE21828BEA8A8B53E5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General view of amber pieces with lucanid inclusions. A, B. Protonicagus mandibularis sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121205, showing dorsal (A) or lateral (B) views of the holotype; C. Cretognathus minutissimus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, SEHU- 0000121206; D. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1, SEHU- 0000121207; E. Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. Scale bars: 3.0 mm (A, B); 1.0 cm (C); 5.0 mm (D, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868859" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">1E</figureCitation>
); specimen accession number SEHU-0000121208, housed in HUM. Although the specimen appears well-preserved (only slightly modified) with nearly a complete body, the left metatarsomeres beyond the second segment were lost (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E2BE022170344B067F88FF9BC65CD096" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13C</figureCitation>
). More importantly, a thin air layer on the ventral surface of the body makes it difficult to observe the ventral body parts, such as the abdomen and antennae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="21F39A3D06B0D4B9185C6BF51002ADD4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="1E97EC5BDBD3AD46FA111F8FAA74D210" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="1EB606A6A8EE20F302319403F6044FBB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Details of
<taxonomicName id="5AFBC10E89ED7C331D04BDD9EA699322" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU-0000121208.
<emphasis id="F4F655B1E703F7C3E6B3F2369BCB69EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A.</emphasis>
General habitus, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="0905D78005E896513BC1DE43519CC726" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">B.</emphasis>
General habitus, ventral view;
<emphasis id="03CED1AA5D4428564A641D5C142BA54C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">C.</emphasis>
General habitus, lateral view;
<emphasis id="784C4C438699F2210956851BEE6A61ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">D.</emphasis>
Head and pronotum, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="19DA3EE9DDFA2C5BF7261AF5985E2C4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">E.</emphasis>
Left elytron, dorsolateral view;
<emphasis id="EFB063560C211A7D919F880846B84E42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">F.</emphasis>
Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view;
<emphasis id="0984F78805B9357B40AC6EEF7CF6E07B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">G.</emphasis>
Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt1-2, mid-dorsal teeth 1-2 of protibia; mst5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt1-5, protarsomeres 1-5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
<emphasis id="CDFCDF4E94E9286366830620050A6BAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="9FF6043060637E29EF257C62B20DED65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">C</emphasis>
);
<quantity id="AF7831BB7FF20D49BE55E4A16871F009" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="83C1EA1CC970E8DE2997F85D1D7C1474" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">D</emphasis>
);
<quantity id="724A8A85B7AFC83EE2C115FA01C62897" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="A1CB2E3EE8C7FBFEED4E775F20FE4E37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">E</emphasis>
);
<quantity id="0E9873BA553B0507F5D572B2BDDA14C0" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="006B0CEB68230CAE0EB76AC968C66B24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">F</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="92C01A96F4E9ABF3EDD7B6C21CF73670" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6D213258E53D8507A67A0284AA959AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="locality and horizon">
<paragraph id="116C0229FFEA956360FB4AE667774AA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Locality and horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92580DC06F50114834F3A50A04B6CF0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
Hukawng Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="392B4B7B977472966EEE913A32CC0A8C" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="26.333334">26°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="89CCED0C36AF726CA0FDD44926D65791" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="96.6">96°36'E</geoCoordinate>
), Kachin State, northern Myanmar; unnamed horizon, mid-Cretaceous, Upper Albian to Lower Cenomanian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B583EBAC4AAD25C9EB55175696850897" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="72F7163A4B9DA0300F72259383BA6C09" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B205C81B2A1CBB6F6E2274E4C45F3D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
Details of ventral side not uniformly observable. Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DEF5198C0859232E9968E26712D69BE4" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A, B</figureCitation>
) small, narrowly elongate, subparallel sided, 2.72 mm long (measured from anterior margin of head to apex of elytra). Color uniformly dark brown. Dorsal surface somewhat modified, probably due to the fossilization process, seemingly densely punctured, without neither apparent setae nor modified scales. Head (Fig.
<figureCitation id="12E9F25F738F93EAA4B816FE5CB9F5E1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A-D</figureCitation>
) small, transverse, 0.60 mm wide across eyes; vertex flattened. Compound eye (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BE7656C0EF5CF8C8605AC0B80F60AF30" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A-D</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="52ADB7FAADB22EDD75F1BD263793A572" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">ey</emphasis>
) large, entire, not divided by ocular canthus. Antennae and mouthparts not visible. Pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="48A388ADBD7EF6DCBC05D0E9A3CA944C" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A, D</figureCitation>
) moderately transverse oval, with arcuate and very weakly crenulate lateral margins, 0.92 mm wide and 0.70 mm long (along midline). Elytra (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D501AFE8F1F15F9C1195D0926535446A" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A, C, E</figureCitation>
) complete, narrowly elongate, nearly subparallel-sided, with left elytron 1.87 mm long (measured from pronotal posterior end to apex of elytron) and 0.45 mm wide; outer margins, particularly those of posterolateral ones, narrowly explanate. Legs (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9221593076AAE745110BA5525D6C68F6" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A-C, F, G</figureCitation>
) relatively short, slender. Protibia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7E6CF21772CCDA12E15C00EF18D80602" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A, B, F</figureCitation>
) slender, flattened, only weakly curved, gradually slightly widened towards apex, 0.60 mm (left) in length, with one large apical spur (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="F0E7B59F9B3BB6B2B473D7AC583D4F9B" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13F</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B2245C7C9A7C89AA92282206D6116E82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">as</emphasis>
); external margin armed with three strong teeth in apical half, i.e., apical tooth (
<emphasis id="3C0F68F1C30E4250E766FB70066A7CBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">at</emphasis>
) and mid-dorsal teeth 1-2 (
<emphasis id="3F3E0BF39728FD3CF146EE7DCAC35992" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">mdt1</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="F0B9D09E4F2C21448435222354DBA974" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">2</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="4F75125BAE4AF55CDF7A26F9BE6D7420" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="84E6C128231B06FE35A456A12D8F57EC" author="Holloway, BA" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 254" refId="B22" refString="Holloway, BA, 2007. Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 61: 1 - 254" title="Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="61" year="2007">Holloway 2007</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1), with 5 short and subcontiguous tooth-like spines before mid-dorsal tooth 1, 3 between mid-dorsal tooth 1 and mid-dorsal tooth 2, and finally 4 between apical tooth and mid-dorsal tooth 2 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C0661EDC682F51EC52C412C6B7E036D5" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13F</figureCitation>
, arrow). All tarsi (Fig.
<figureCitation id="715DEF6796D69B5E5171B45498EA9716" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13A-C, F, G</figureCitation>
) 5-segmented, each slender and rather long. Arolium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="90580D65E4A3DC109FF3A6E1BA58AE22" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13F, G</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="BB91737C1269E5AAAF29FF5FFEDC3259" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">ra</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="47829261E9BCA97284F4D88A3AF89CDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">sa</emphasis>
) developed, with rather long rod, bearing 2 bristles on its apex. Abdomen not well visible. Genitalia not visible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088F3A81042BA75D143EE2C348F17A59" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" type="systematic placement and comparison">
<paragraph id="86DF779C7DC715D4ACECE0352FADC680" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Systematic placement and comparison.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81ED7BE522A243C90E583973E64413D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
An accurate definitive assessment of the systematic position of this fossil is difficult; there is no clear view of the ventral side due to a thin whitish air layer, which makes several important features unobservable, such as the abdominal segmentation, details of the antennae, and prosternal process (Fig.
<figureCitation id="25771F5C1D608FFFA70F71FFD8726DDD" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13B</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, its putative placement in the lucanid tribe
<taxonomicName id="15BC87862B09118A54FB075CF25479A2" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
is supported by the protibial structures, namely the protibial edges have a peculiar arrangement of spine-like teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DA8181748D7A32CE0B610764FFC61EA1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Details of Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2, SEHU- 0000121208. A. General habitus, dorsal view; B. General habitus, ventral view; C. General habitus, lateral view; D. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; E. Left elytron, dorsolateral view; F. Left protibia and protarsus, ventral view; G. Left mesotibia and mesotarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, apical spur; at, apical tooth of protibia; cl, claw; ey, compound eye; mdt 1 - 2, mid-dorsal teeth 1 - 2 of protibia; mst 5, mesotarsomere 5; msti, mesotibia; pn, pronotum; pt 1 - 5, protarsomeres 1 - 5; pti, protibia; sa, setae on rod of arolium. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A - C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868871" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">13F</figureCitation>
). Overall, the other features, including the general habitus, head, pronotum, and 5-5-5 tarsal formula, generally agree well with the ceratognathins, particularly the extinct ones described above. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="A02FE071B7BD51747BA0F35C47FB5CE6" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2023" family="Lucanidae" genus="Oncelytris" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncelytris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08671FFB12A384B9B777DF7BD0B9CED2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Oncelytris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is no distinct tubercles found on the elytra (see Li Y-D et al. 2023). Based on the structures of the protibial edges, this specimen cannot be assigned to
<taxonomicName id="2E9EACC7404546D8C3CD931C8B96EC4D" authorityName="Yamamoto" authorityYear="2023" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cretognathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretognathus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F72AC41EEFB8DBFB2415EAE240989EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Cretognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., &quot;
<taxonomicName id="72B51CECA88FB2FA296024C2F06412FE" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 1,&quot; or any extant ceratognathin genus. However, this taxonomic consideration as a lucanid is provisional; further visualization and verification is needed for a definitive assignment.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4DA28A711418442F4B5F919D39FDE7B6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/868872" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="FA8B06B5A682B7BF8A0131735C9DA428" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B1E351B88ADB94561B901F20D4FDA6C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Figure 14.</emphasis>
General habitus of extant species of
<taxonomicName id="501ECAC27DDB3311E1D6E27650C3C1AE" authorityName="Macleay" authorityYear="1819" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aesalinae">Aesalinae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="A459ACED3F1A90A2DA40922B376151A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A, D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AF23DD31A3B1DB48D30D0F65D8B31F5A" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Nicagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nicagus japonicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="A2FC40C81DF978657E0738F92C46396C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Nicagus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nagel (tribe
<taxonomicName id="6190484F59C77BF9C8BE7D358D7BD060" authorityName="Leconte" authorityYear="1861" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Nicagini">Nicagini</taxonomicName>
), male, showing dorsal (
<emphasis id="F589E9AD08CCC9A88A53E91E40E86FEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">A</emphasis>
) or ventral (
<emphasis id="C0ADFEDCE1E4A8DD0C0F9557DCD687FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">D</emphasis>
) views based on two specimens;
<emphasis id="66FAB86B3E66A2C7E99627E4BFD297BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">B, E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D4FE26148C72493C47AA5D15BD0A1862" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Ceratognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratognathus niger" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Ceratognathus cf. niger</taxonomicName>
Westwood (tribe
<taxonomicName id="B469DD9FA9E52935A927F5C5E4CD4D27" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1899" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratognathini">Ceratognathini</taxonomicName>
), female, showing dorsal (
<emphasis id="D19A6AEBE39B27B6B915802A172C799D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">B</emphasis>
) or ventral (
<emphasis id="F47914ACD575E405B553A695DAFC9017" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">E</emphasis>
) views based on same specimen;
<emphasis id="071A3B1EDC9CDCBA378EC4C7EAFF4FC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">C, F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8236B3CA29BBA42F549E91FA0CECA617" authority="asiaticus" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Aesalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aesalus asiaticus subsp. asiaticus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="asiaticus" subSpecies="asiaticus">
<emphasis id="598B662DDF1D49F93DCBFA505560BF3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Aesalus asiaticus asiaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lewis (tribe
<taxonomicName id="99508CA2B8CCFFA3CA4D1E8A9C3D3B99" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" rank="tribe" tribe="Aesalini">Aesalini</taxonomicName>
), female, showing dorsal (
<emphasis id="BD9B83D8133E5BE9D5A4C8D0E1541701" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">C</emphasis>
) or ventral (
<emphasis id="43C769AD72AFC95DF18FC4723DEFB8B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">F</emphasis>
) views based on two specimens. Scale bars: 3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink