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<document id="23BCD56B740BA61AD0E017254EC19DB1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213363" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c58609dc-73f9-4d52-a073-77bf2739dc04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213363" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460508820598" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sun, Yanan, Ten, Harry A. &amp; Qiu, Jian-Wen" docDate="2012" docId="0E31FB6EFFD8586CFF23FF06FBEBFF7A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03424p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3424" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Serpula granulosa Marenzeller 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="F2088316FFC15876FFB4FF91FF9DFFAE" masterDocTitle="Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698313083635" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2C5AF01681B05A18AC4FB0EC8BEDB70E">Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99504EC45C55252A10D4F88BFD9267B4">Sun, Yanan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1F54E4ACC44EB25ABD5526FE88B61F3">Ten, Harry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D4F7DC296937BD1DE314DC37AC1BC0C">Qiu, Jian-Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="73E4762A395353048B93E1885FBA4D90">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0E31FB6EFFD8586CFF23FF06FBEBFF7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107918" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119523027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E31FB6EFFD8586CFF23FF06FBEBFF7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E31FB6EFFD8586CFF23FF06FBEBFF7A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="CE8219F3FFD8586FFF23FF06FE78FF7C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF23FF06FD1EFF1F" blockId="25.[151,643,151,210]" box="[151,643,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="DD6FFD14FFD8586FFF23FF06FD1EFF1F" bold="true" box="[151,643,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFF23FF06FD1EFF1F" ID-CoL="4WWJZ" authority="Marenzeller, 1885" authorityName="Marenzeller" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,643,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF23FF06FD1EFF1F" bold="true" box="[151,643,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF23FF06FF68FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,245,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFE96FF06FE01FF1F" bold="true" box="[290,412,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">granulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFE10FF06FD1EFF1F" author="Marenzeller" box="[420,643,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Marenzeller, E. von (1885) Sudjapanische Anneliden. II. Ampharetea, Terebellacea, Sabellacea, Serpulacea. Denkschrift der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien (mathematisch-naturwissenschafiliche Klasse), 49, 197 - 224." type="journal article" year="1885">Marenzeller, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF23FF2BFE78FF7C" blockId="25.[151,643,151,210]" box="[151,485,186,210]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFF2AFF2BFF61FF7C" box="[158,252,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A B" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,193,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1427,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A B: Hydroides albiceps, AM W 40534, operculum, lateral and apical view. C: Hydroides operculatus, AM W 41406, operculum, lateral view. D J: Hydroides rhombobulus, AM W 41407. D E, operculum, lateral and apical view. F, G, collar chaetae. H, thoracic limbate chaeta. I, thoracic uncinus. J, abdominal uncinus. K O: Protula bispiralis, AM W 41409. K, dorsal view; L, limbate collar chaeta. M, limbate chaeta from chaetiger 6. N, abdominal sickle-shaped chaeta. O; abdominal uncinus. P Q: Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554, operculum, lateral and apical view. (Scale bars: A E = 0.2 mm, F G, O = 50 μm, I J = 10 μm, K = 5 mm, L N = 100 μm, P Q = 1 mm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213366/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 3</figureCitation>
PQ,
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFE8AFF2BFE35FF7C" box="[318,424,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1802]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554. A, bayonet and capillary collar chaetae. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A C = 100 μm, D F = 10 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213375/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 12</figureCitation>
AF)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE8219F3FFD8586FFF23FE93FA18FE99" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF23FE93FDE2FEB6" blockId="25.[151,1413,258,311]" box="[151,639,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A6886D56FFD8586FFF23FE93FDE2FEB6" box="[151,639,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFF23FE93FDDBFEB6" ID-CoL="4WWJZ" authority="Marenzeller, 1885: 316" authorityName="Marenzeller" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,582,258,280]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF23FE93FECEFEB6" box="[151,339,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula granulosa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="07396C69FFD8586FFEEDFE93FDDBFEB6" author="Marenzeller" box="[345,582,258,280]" page="316" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFEEDFE93FD88FEB6" author="Marenzeller" box="[345,533,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Marenzeller, E. von (1885) Sudjapanische Anneliden. II. Ampharetea, Terebellacea, Sabellacea, Serpulacea. Denkschrift der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien (mathematisch-naturwissenschafiliche Klasse), 49, 197 - 224." type="journal article" year="1885">Marenzeller, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 316
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</taxonomicName>
317.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF23FEB3FA18FE99" blockId="25.[151,1413,258,311]" box="[151,1413,289,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A6886D56FFD8586FFF23FEB3FA18FE99" box="[151,1413,289,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
?
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFF1CFEB0FEE0FE99" ID-CoL="4WWP2" box="[168,381,289,311]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF1CFEB0FEE0FE99" box="[168,381,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFE1EFEB0FDD4FE99" author="Linnaeus" box="[426,585,289,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae, 12 ed. Vol. 1, Part 2. L. Salvius, Holmiae 1767, 533 - 1327, appendices excl." type="book chapter" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFDE7FEB3FD16FE99" box="[595,651,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sensu</emphasis>
Mak 1982: 609;
<treatmentCitation id="07396C69FFD8586FFC8EFEB3FBEFFE99" author="Morton" box="[826,1138,289,311]" page="278" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFC8EFEB3FBDDFE99" author="Morton" box="[826,1088,289,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Morton, B. &amp; Morton, J. (1983) The seashore ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, xiv + 350 pp." type="book" year="1983">Morton and Morton 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 278
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="07396C69FFD8586FFBC8FEB3FA1CFE99" author="Wang" box="[1148,1409,289,311]" page="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFBC8FEB3FAF5FE99" author="Wang" box="[1148,1384,289,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Wang, J. &amp; Huang, Z. (1993) Fouling polychaetes of Hong Kong and adjacent waters. Asian marine biology, 10, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang and Huang 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE8219F3FFD8586FFF23FECFFF7DFE34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF23FECFFF7DFE34" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF23FECFFE1FFED9" bold="true" box="[151,386,350,375]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</emphasis>
AM W40554,
<specimenCount id="909E81F1FFD8586FFD84FECFFD21FED8" box="[560,700,350,374]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E3AC2CBFFFD8586FFD79FECFFCACFED8" box="[717,817,350,374]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="22.35">22°21N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E3AC2CBFFFD8586FFC8AFECFFC36FED8" box="[830,939,350,374]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="114.28333">114°17E</geoCoordinate>
, Sharp Island, on dead coral,
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFAB5FECFFAB2FED8" box="[1281,1327,350,374]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
,
<date id="F2266CB8FFD8586FFA89FECEFF49FE34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2009-05-21">May 21, 2009</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE8219F3FFD8586FFF7DFE37FC9AFAE5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFE37FDBCFDA8" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF7DFE37FEC6FE11" bold="true" box="[201,347,422,447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
TUBE: thick-walled, rough, with a median longitudinal keel, circular in internal cross-section. Median keel violet, grading into pale pink on both sides; tube white inside. Peristomes absent. Up to
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFABCFE5BFAC3FE4C" box="[1288,1374,458,482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
wide with lumen up to
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFEE9FE7FFE2FFDA8" box="[349,434,494,518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFD83FF44FDDB" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BRANCHIAE: each lobe with 23 to 25 radioles (n=2, µ=24±1.4), arranged in semicircle. Interradiolar membrane of 1/8th of the radiole. Pinnules short and thin; each radiole ending in thin terminal filament, as long as pinnules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFD10FBE0FD13" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">PEDUNCLE: smooth, circular in cross-section, inserted just below right branchial lobe. Clear constriction just below operculum. Pseudo-operculum evident in one specimen, with globular inflated tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFD58FB3BFCFD" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
OPERCULUM: symmetrical, fleshy funnel with 5558 radii, with pointed conical tips (
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFB10FD58FA99FD4F" box="[1188,1284,713,737]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A B" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,193,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1427,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A B: Hydroides albiceps, AM W 40534, operculum, lateral and apical view. C: Hydroides operculatus, AM W 41406, operculum, lateral view. D J: Hydroides rhombobulus, AM W 41407. D E, operculum, lateral and apical view. F, G, collar chaetae. H, thoracic limbate chaeta. I, thoracic uncinus. J, abdominal uncinus. K O: Protula bispiralis, AM W 41409. K, dorsal view; L, limbate collar chaeta. M, limbate chaeta from chaetiger 6. N, abdominal sickle-shaped chaeta. O; abdominal uncinus. P Q: Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554, operculum, lateral and apical view. (Scale bars: A E = 0.2 mm, F G, O = 50 μm, I J = 10 μm, K = 5 mm, L N = 100 μm, P Q = 1 mm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213366/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 3</figureCitation>
PQ). Funnel distally shallow, not deeply cupped. Lengths of the operculum from 3.0 mm to
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFBABFD7CFBEAFCAB" box="[1055,1143,749,773]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
(n=2, µ=3.2±0.2), widths from
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFF60FC85FEB4FC82" box="[212,297,788,812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFEF8FC85FE3CFC82" box="[332,417,788,812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
(n=2, µ=3.4±0.1). External grooves about 1/3rd of opercular length; apical grooves variable in extension, 1/3rd, 2/3rd of width or almost reaching centre. Tubercles on apical radii present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFCCEFC2AFC11" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
COLLAR AND THORACIC MEMBRANES: collar high, trilobed, lateral lobes large and continuous with well-developed thoracic membranes, merging with ventrum, not forming an (continuous) apron in the sense of ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFF23FC39FEFCFC11" author="Hove" box="[151,353,935,959]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ten Hove, H. A. (1984) Towards a phylogeny in serpulids (Annelida; Polychaeta). In: P. A. Hutchings, P. A. (ed.). Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney, 1984, 181 - 196." type="proceedings paper" year="1984">Hove (1984: 158)</bibRefCitation>
, but interrupted above anterior abdominal chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFC5AFEACFBE1" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
THORAX: with 7 chaetigers, 6 uncinigerous. Collar chaetae of two
<typeStatus id="5923F4DAFFD8586FFC75FC5DFB9DFC4A" box="[961,1024,972,996]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">types</typeStatus>
: bayonet chaetae with two teeth having blunt tips at base of blade, and smooth capillaries (
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFCBDFC7EFCE4FBA9" box="[777,889,1007,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1802]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554. A, bayonet and capillary collar chaetae. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A C = 100 μm, D F = 10 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213375/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 12</figureCitation>
AB). Subsequent chaetae of two sizes (limbate and capillary,
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFE82FB82FE38FB85" box="[310,421,1043,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1802]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554. A, bayonet and capillary collar chaetae. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A C = 100 μm, D F = 10 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213375/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 12</figureCitation>
C). Uncini along entire thorax saw-shaped, with 45 teeth, including pointed anterior fang (
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFF2AFBA6FE90FBE1" box="[158,269,1079,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1802]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554. A, bayonet and capillary collar chaetae. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A C = 100 μm, D F = 10 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213375/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 12</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFBCAFB11FB15" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
ABDOMEN: total number of abdominal chaetigers varies from 110 to 138 (n=2, µ=124±19.8). Achaetous region absent. Uncini saw-shaped, with 3 teeth anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFC99FBEEFC00FB39" box="[813,925,1151,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1802]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554. A, bayonet and capillary collar chaetae. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A C = 100 μm, D F = 10 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213375/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 12</figureCitation>
E), 5 to 6 teeth in middle and posterior abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1EA356FDFFD8586FFF61FB32FED9FB15" box="[213,324,1187,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1802]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W 40554. A, bayonet and capillary collar chaetae. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A C = 100 μm, D F = 10 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213375/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 12</figureCitation>
F). Chaetae flat trumpet-shaped. Capillaries present in posterior chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFB56FB79FAAD" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">SIZE: total worm length: 25.0 mm to 45.0 mm (n=2, µ=35±14.1); thoracic width of both specimens 4.0 mm (n=2, µ=4.0±0). Branchiae and operculum accounting for approximately one fifth of entire length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFA9EFC6CFA89" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" box="[201,1009,1295,1319]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">COLOUR: Living worm brightly reddish, colour in ethanol pale yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFAA3FC9AFAE5" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" box="[201,775,1330,1355]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF7DFAA3FEB1FAE5" bold="true" box="[201,300,1330,1355]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Habitat.</emphasis>
Depth:
<quantity id="4160E79DFFD8586FFE32FAA2FE2EFAE5" box="[390,435,1331,1355]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
, on the surface of dead corals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE8219F3FFD8586CFF7DFAC6FBEBFF7A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586FFF7DFAC6FA94F921" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF7DFAC6FEA0FAC1" bold="true" box="[201,317,1367,1391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</emphasis>
Difficulties in identifying various taxa of
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFC9AFAC6FC18FAC1" box="[814,901,1367,1391]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFC9AFAC6FC18FAC1" box="[814,901,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been discussed by ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFB63FAC9FEFEFA3D" author="Hove" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E. K. (2009) Taxonomy of. Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): the state of affairs. Zootaxa, 2036, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="2009">Hove and Kupriyanova (2009: 93)</bibRefCitation>
and Ben-Eliahu and ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFDC2FAEDFCADFA3D" author="Hove" box="[630,816,1403,1427]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ten Hove, H. A., Fauchald, K. Fiege, D. &amp; Bellan, G. (2011). Hydroides ezoensis Okuda, 1934. In: Read, G. &amp; Fauchald, K. (eds) (2011). World Polychaeta database. Accessed through: Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (ed.) (2011). World Polychaeta database at http: // www. marinespecies. org / polychaeta / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 131003 on 2012 - 01 - 11" type="journal article" year="2011">Hove (2011: 78)</bibRefCitation>
. Six taxa have been recorded from Chinese waters (
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFADBFAEAFEDDFA19" author="Sun" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Sun, R. P. &amp; Yang, D. J. (2001 a) Study on Serpulidae (Polychaeta: Sabellida) from waters off China II. Studia Marina Sinica, 43, 184 - 208." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Sun &amp; Yang 2001a</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFEE0FA0EFD79FA19" authority="Reish, 1968" authorityName="Reish" authorityYear="1968" box="[340,740,1439,1463]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hartmanae">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFEE0FA0EFE36FA19" box="[340,427,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFE6DFA0EFDCFFA19" box="[473,594,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">hartmanae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFDEEFA0EFD79FA19" author="Reish" box="[602,740,1439,1463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Reish, D. J. (1968) Polychaetous annelids of the Marshall Islands. Pacific Science, 22, 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="1968">Reish, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFD44FA31FBA6FA19" authority="Wu and Chen, 1979" authorityName="Wu and Chen" authorityYear="1979" box="[752,1083,1439,1463]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFD44FA31FD63FA19" box="[752,766,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFCBAFA31FCCCFA19" box="[782,849,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sinica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFCEDFA31FBA6FA19" author="Wu" box="[857,1083,1439,1463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Wu, B. L., Sun, R. P. &amp; Chen, M. (1979) Two new species of the Polychaeta from the South China Sea. Oceanic Selections, 2, 89 - 94." type="journal article" year="1979">Wu and Chen, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFBDFFA31FAEFFA19" author="Wu" box="[1131,1394,1439,1463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Wu, B. L., Sun, R. P. &amp; Chen, M. (1979) Two new species of the Polychaeta from the South China Sea. Oceanic Selections, 2, 89 - 94." type="journal article" year="1979">Wu, Sun &amp; Chen 1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFA33FA31FEE8FA75" authority="Imajima" authorityName="Imajima" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetratropia">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFA33FA31FA08FA19" box="[1415,1429,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF23FA55FE92FA75" box="[151,271,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">tetratropia</emphasis>
Imajima
</taxonomicName>
and ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFE6DFA55FDFDFA75" author="Hove" box="[473,608,1475,1499]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ten Hove, H. A. (1984) Towards a phylogeny in serpulids (Annelida; Polychaeta). In: P. A. Hutchings, P. A. (ed.). Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney, 1984, 181 - 196." type="proceedings paper" year="1984">Hove, 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFDD8FA55FC25FA75" authority="Haswell, 1885" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1885" box="[620,952,1475,1499]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasifera">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFDD8FA55FDE7FA75" box="[620,634,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFD1BFA52FC94FA75" box="[687,777,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vasifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFCA6FA52FC25FA75" author="Haswell" box="[786,952,1475,1499]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1885) The marine annelids of the order Serpulea. Some observations on their anatomy, with the characteristics of the Australian species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 649 - 675." type="journal article" year="1885">Haswell, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFC71FA55FBF2FA75" box="[965,1135,1475,1499]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFC71FA55FC4EFA75" box="[965,979,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFC56FA52FBF2FA75" box="[994,1135,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFBCCFA52FB02FA75" bold="true" box="[1144,1183,1475,1499]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">not</emphasis>
Linnaeus,
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFAAAFA55FA01FA75" box="[1310,1436,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sensu auct.</emphasis>
(see below), and
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFEE8FA79FDF5FA51" authority="Willey, 1905" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1905" box="[348,616,1511,1535]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="watsoni">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFEE8FA79FEF7FA51" box="[348,362,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFECCFA79FE52FA51" box="[376,463,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">watsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFE62FA76FDF5FA51" author="Willey" box="[470,616,1511,1535]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Willey, A. (1905) Report on the Polychaeta collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (ed.). Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London, Royal Society, 4, Supplementary Report 30, 243 - 342." type="journal article" year="1905">Willey, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In narrowing down the identity of the present specimens we can exclude
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFF23F99AFE0EF98D" box="[151,403,1547,1571]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hartmanae">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFF23F99AFF73F98D" box="[151,238,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFEAEF99AFE0EF98D" box="[282,403,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">hartmanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFE15F99DFD99F98D" box="[417,516,1548,1571]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFE15F99DFE32F98D" box="[417,431,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFE0AF99DFD99F98D" box="[446,516,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFDBBF99DFD39F98D" box="[527,676,1548,1571]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetratropia">
S.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFD98F99DFD39F98D" box="[556,676,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">tetratropia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFD6FF99DFCEBF98D" box="[731,886,1547,1571]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasifera">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFD6FF99DFD74F98D" box="[731,745,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFCA8F99AFCEBF98D" box="[796,886,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vasifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of fewer opercular radii (1116, 32, 1826, respectively 29 as opposed to 5558), as well by differences in tubes, which have all at least two longitudinal ridges instead of one medial keel.
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFDF9F9C2FC99F9C5" box="[589,772,1619,1643]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="watsoni">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFDF9F9C2FC99F9C5" box="[589,772,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula watsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized by its operculum, a deep funnel with very long radial grooves, almost extending to the peduncle, as well as tube with 2 longitudinal ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86274A78FFD8586CFF7DF90AFBEBFF7A" blockId="25.[151,1436,350,2003]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1435,151,213]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Mak (1982) described specimens as
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFDEBF90DFC95F91D" box="[607,776,1691,1715]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFDEBF90DFDF0F91D" box="[607,621,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFDCFF90AFC95F91D" box="[635,776,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a flat operculum bearing 28 to 63 marginal radii, and a thick tube with a medial longitudinal keel. Our material probably is the same, with its high number of opercular radii and triangular tube. However, as amongst others mentioned by ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFC70F975FA83F955" author="Hove" box="[964,1310,1763,1787]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E. K. (2009) Taxonomy of. Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): the state of affairs. Zootaxa, 2036, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="2009">Hove and Kupriyanova (2009)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFA9EF975FF45F8B1" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFA9EF975FAA5F955" box="[1322,1336,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFAF2F975FF45F8B1" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a distribution limited to Western Europe. A number of larger sized taxa, with high numbers of radii have been described for Indo-West Pacific waters (see discussion in Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFD8586FFB9BF8BDFB32F8ED" author="Hove" box="[1071,1199,1835,1859]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ten Hove, H. A., Fauchald, K. Fiege, D. &amp; Bellan, G. (2011). Hydroides ezoensis Okuda, 1934. In: Read, G. &amp; Fauchald, K. (eds) (2011). World Polychaeta database. Accessed through: Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (ed.) (2011). World Polychaeta database at http: // www. marinespecies. org / polychaeta / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 131003 on 2012 - 01 - 11" type="journal article" year="2011">Hove 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 8387). Our present material agrees best, but maybe not fully, with the description of
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFCCAF8C1FB90F8C9" box="[894,1037,1871,1895]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFCCAF8C1FB90F8C9" box="[894,1037,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. granulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For instance, colour of the tube is missing in the original description and not recorded either when the
<typeStatus id="5923F4DAFFD8586FFC06F8E2FB89F825" box="[946,1044,1907,1931]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(Naturhistorisches Museum Wien Evertebrata varia: 1998) was re-examined by one of us (HAtH) a couple of decades ago and the posterior thoracic membranes were damaged. Also because of the confused state of the
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFC0FF82AFBC0F87D" box="[955,1117,1979,2003]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jukesi">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFC0FF82AFBC0F87D" box="[955,1117,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Serpula jukesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFD8586FFBC3F82AFB74F87D" box="[1143,1257,1979,2003]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFD8586FFBC3F82AFB74F87D" box="[1143,1257,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">granulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex (Ben- Eliahu &amp; ten
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFDB586CFE9AFF09FE33FF01" author="Hove" box="[302,430,151,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Ten Hove, H. A., Fauchald, K. Fiege, D. &amp; Bellan, G. (2011). Hydroides ezoensis Okuda, 1934. In: Read, G. &amp; Fauchald, K. (eds) (2011). World Polychaeta database. Accessed through: Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (ed.) (2011). World Polychaeta database at http: // www. marinespecies. org / polychaeta / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 131003 on 2012 - 01 - 11" type="journal article" year="2011">Hove 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 8487), we have given the tentative identification of
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFDB586CFBBAFF06FB39FF1E" box="[1038,1188,151,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
cf.
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFDB586CFB86FF09FB39FF1E" box="[1074,1188,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">granulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to our material.
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFDB586CFAEBFF09FE5CFF7A" authority="Marenzeller" authorityName="Marenzeller" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFDB586CFAEBFF09FEA9FF7A" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Serpula granulosa</emphasis>
Marenzeller
</taxonomicName>
is a homonym of the fossil
<taxonomicName id="419831FBFFDB586CFD4DFF2CFC1AFF7A" box="[761,903,188,212]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B4EC966AFFDB586CFD4DFF2CFC1AFF7A" box="[761,903,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. granulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von
<bibRefCitation id="E2093789FFDB586CFC0BFF2CFBECFF7A" author="Hagenow" box="[959,1137,188,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Hagenow, F. von (1840) Monographie der Rugen'schen Kreide-Versteinerungen, 2, Radiarien und Annulaten. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, 1840, 631 - 672." type="journal article" year="1840">Hagenow, 1840</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>