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<document id="11D9F190B2957A1E4A40A4921247743B" ID-CLB-Dataset="27240" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f04c1841-68d9-4721-a182-fee61c6c985f" ID-PMC="PMC5523201" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-674-1" ID-PubMed="28824280" ID-ZooBank="6B58CAA7036A4F078AA4DA14BFA99D83" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-674-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 674" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" checkinTime="1555320290349" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco, Albuquerque, Gilberto S. &amp; Tauber, Maurice J." docDate="2017" docId="AFE31703CE381D3C6BBDEED921DB73CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 674: 1-188" docOrigin="ZooKeys 674" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435" docTitle="Ungla nigromaculifrons Sosa 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="E951072F3D22FF9CFFEEFFBC201DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1701374468468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="60CB66C7D77BFE7DE1C04D3B07203FDF">Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92A45723F801513065E77F3AF8D25F2A">Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F55577DB083F433341F3978F66783145">Sosa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C042F6574EABD134F07DCAFF92C50309">Albuquerque, Gilberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9104BE2485E0E20378FD2BB8D61E88F1">Tauber, Maurice J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AFE31703CE381D3C6BBDEED921DB73CF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFE31703CE381D3C6BBDEED921DB73CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AFE31703CE381D3C6BBDEED921DB73CF" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="AE85EC84E21E68D12BE7DC9E66560A58" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C81E511857F05D0843DAD2A162070343" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="2FC68793674747F0C1C6A498C816409D" ID-CoL="7DK68" authority="Sosa, 2015" authorityName="Sosa" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla nigromaculifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">
<pageBreakToken id="487AF0BAAAE9961ECA77C03251B5F798" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">Ungla</pageBreakToken>
nigromaculifrons Sosa, 2015
</taxonomicName>
Figs 64, 65, 66, 67, 143f
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648EC4B5124193FC7C91A3E65C5F1C87" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="84CBE3B5B54E0B900CEBC0BA1AF93100" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="3A3D39571084A3358C7FE40064E5DF8D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla nigromaculifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">
<pageBreakToken id="1C4DD06EA56A420ABE07EB4832263E7A" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">Ungla</pageBreakToken>
nigromaculifrons
</taxonomicName>
Sosa, 2015. Zootaxa 4018 (2): 191-193; &quot;VENEZUELA. Trujillo state:
<normalizedToken id="F6ED6BBECE9003DA99C3955D0BA19E04" originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
[
<geoCoordinate id="F04B663DAEE8E026D5DDB866633F09EA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.233334">9°14'N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="4936A839329AE67EDF5CDC287BAA4CB9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.25">70°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1270 m], 20.vii.1974, F.
<normalizedToken id="C5489B5F6024B76E5BE14AB402312F14" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
. H [Hijo] &amp; M. Gaiani Leg. Deposited in the MIZA.&quot; Holotype. MIZA, male. For images of the type see
<bibRefCitation id="0FC5795AAAE3354B8D0C6FD9682BFF92" author="Sosa, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="176 - 200" title="First records of Ungla Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Venezuela, with descriptions of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.2" volume="4018" year="2015">Sosa (2015)</bibRefCitation>
; for labels, see Fig. 143f here. Much of the abdomen of the holotype is lost; the original description illustrates the structures that are present: T9+ect (lateral), S8+9 (ventral) and parts of the gonarcus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB0F3D11959228B56695EBC8A75FA258" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="98EB03AE254881F0F598D4813467366F" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80DD78D079460AA83F7D5319C773E14B" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
This species is distinguished by a golden yellow head and a round, black spot on the frons, and dark wing venation. It differs from other species that have a prominent black frontal spot and cream-colored antennae (
<taxonomicName id="3C7E9E477486119425D408CE4C9D4E13" lsidName="U. stangei" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="stangei">U. stangei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7258460C17CB01EF0BA957D36C050E2D" lsidName="U. favrei" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="favrei">U. favrei</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="64FE286F2A371D0AD63FA386644A5A32" lsidName="U. adamsi" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="adamsi">U. adamsi</taxonomicName>
) in that the scape is tinged with red, but otherwise unmarked (distinct stripe in
<taxonomicName id="77738375267AD2CF823D4776897026B2" lsidName="U. favrei" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="favrei">U. favrei</taxonomicName>
), the wings are smaller and with at most 4 to 8 gradate veins per series (8 to 11 for
<taxonomicName id="48EB1CA2DB7060960394054DFEC90326" lsidName="U. stangei" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="stangei">U. stangei</taxonomicName>
), the clypeus and frons do not exhibit sexual dimorphism (male clypeus swollen and female frons with transverse marking in
<taxonomicName id="9B2FF801EF945FB84BB08011D093BA0F" lsidName="U. adamsi" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="adamsi">U. adamsi</taxonomicName>
), and finally the hindwing has dark veins (unlike all the other species).
</paragraph>
<caption id="10F383B756A00CDBC00EB86DA0307E61" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph id="8D6CF650C564391777F77C8BF10F0923" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Figure 64.
<taxonomicName id="D432C348BAC42C03AA9CD54F2E3ACF39" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla nigromaculifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">Ungla nigromaculifrons</taxonomicName>
Sosa: External features, (a) head, frontal (b) head, dorsal (c) head, prothorax, lateral (d) head, thorax, dorsal (all: Venezuela,
<normalizedToken id="E1457444A6A54547AB7B991FAE07D611" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
, UMSP; a, c male; b, d female).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C0538FBEC1876AD96D6810BA4323C126" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph id="0B66C428A721E5993A1B41748C4E8A9B" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Figure 65.
<taxonomicName id="624A55B6218D774B4E5ADCDF4505C75D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla nigromaculifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">Ungla nigromaculifrons</taxonomicName>
Sosa: Wings (Venezuela,
<normalizedToken id="F553688D3FF0C5F1DC3B8B2F7F6A86B0" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
, female, UMSP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD4BFD3CF66C198C24CC9F3CF907D55C" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="7B9C1E7E686396B25B461EA776E8DB67" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E0F15CB71F4940B991CD4898BD87099D" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Head: As described by
<bibRefCitation id="ECDC3EBD5C78E24A1A7BB4AE3D665DD1" author="Sosa, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="176 - 200" title="First records of Ungla Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Venezuela, with descriptions of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.2" volume="4018" year="2015">Sosa (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. Maxillary palp with basal two segments cream-colored, distal three segments entirely black, intersections cream-colored; labial palp with basal segment pale, distal two entirely black. Thorax: Prothorax with transverse furrow in the posterior section of segment, marked with narrow, dark red transverse stripe extending almost to center of segment; setae long, golden. Mesonotum, metanotum green mesally, with pair of broad, dark red stripes laterally. Measurements: head width: 1.5 mm; ratio head width: eye width: 2.1-2.2: 1; prothorax width: 0.8-1.1 mm, length: 0.6-1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66E815E7F95A4F95546C8B3F5C5CFA8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Forewing, hindwing with moderate width. Forewing with rounded apex, hindwing with apex slightly acute; venation not heavy, very slight swelling at furcation of Cu; stigma lightly marked with brown or pale, with four to five brown subcostal crossveins below; longitudinal veins light green, marked with brown at attachments with transverse veins, crossveins; gradates dark brown to black; narrow covering of dark pigmentation on membrane adjacent to dark veins; gradates in parallel series; basal inner gradate sometimes meeting Psm. Forewing 12.8-15.5 mm long, 4.5-5.3 mm wide, (ratio, L: W = 2.9: 1); height of tallest costal cell 0.9-1.1 mm (cell number 6-7); length of first intramedian cell 0.8-1.1 mm; 11 radial cells (closed cells between R and Rs); third gradate cell 1.4-1.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.6-3.0: 1); fourth gradate cell 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.8: 1); 3-4 Banksian cells (b cells), 4
<normalizedToken id="0BA9D45E493991E2A6B73ABA6F3A21F8" originalValue="b">b'</normalizedToken>
cells; 5-6 inner gradates, 7-8 outer gradates. Hindwing 11.2-13.9 mm long, 4.3-4.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.0-3.2: 1), 10-11 radial cells, 3 Banksian (b) cells, 4
<normalizedToken id="3AE907F1C2C16834CC2870C3B3AF6ED2" originalValue="b">b'</normalizedToken>
cells, 4-5 inner gradates, 6-7 outer gradates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="126FF7AB28036C8EA84BACDF3857CCEC" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Male. Abdomen with small spiracles (e.g., A7: spiracle diameter ~0.05
<normalizedToken id="410F05C23F6509D365B6D95CA1B4880E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of sternite); A7-A9 with numerous setae, those extending from pleural region robust; without microtholi; T9+ectoproct relatively long (~0.5
<normalizedToken id="635A39E47F57FB4B5ADE8D906486E58E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of T7), with dorsal invagi
<pageBreakToken id="30065F75E122C49E6B2614BA0C41B0C1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">nation</pageBreakToken>
deep (~0.5
<normalizedToken id="E6D8B0CCA26741CEDB6A84EC29E576B0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
dorsal length of T9+ect), margins of invagination almost straight, base rounded; dorsal margin of T9+ect (above anus) straight with acute angle at tip; posterior margin of ectoproct straight throughout; ventral margin of T9+ect straight, with sclerotized, curved apodeme, contiguous with sclerotization around callus cerci, posterior corner of apodeme slightly bent mesally in small, rounded corner; posteroventral corner of T9+ect appearing angular (lateral view); callus cerci large, ovate, with entire margin well sclerotized. S8+9 fused, with line of fusion faintly perceptible; dorsal margin with heavy apodeme extending along entire length of segment; dorsal margin gradually sloping ventrally from base of segment approximately to level of callus cerci, then bending to flat terminal plate; terminus extending distally, well beyond tip of T9+ect, heavily sclerotized, distal edge of plate turned up slightly, flat in posterior view; terminal setae on extreme upper layer of posterodorsal margin of S8+9 enlarged, with small, flange-like protrusions basally. Gonarcus arcuate, with slight V-shape (frontal, caudal views); bridge robust, moderately wide, rounded throughout; arms elongate, extending backwards away from mediuncus, rounded distally, mesal section with digiti
<pageBreakToken id="44F57ADE9246C19F8E4A4DA98957B6C3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">form</pageBreakToken>
process extending posteriorly toward gonosaccus; mediuncus with moderately wide base, paired internal rods flared basally, distally, adjacent mesally; dorsal surface of mediuncus smooth, slightly depressed distally, with short, rounded (blunt) beak distally; gonosaccus bilobed, each lobe large, with large, dense patch of gonosetae; gonosetae robust, arising from enlarged setal bases; hypandrium internum not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="025100152B8476500757441DC4A82B05" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Female. See
<bibRefCitation id="4ABB303B482EDE8A4B807062273CD7F0" author="Sosa, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="176 - 200" title="First records of Ungla Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Venezuela, with descriptions of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.2" volume="4018" year="2015">Sosa (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="232B2663C025607660EADC17482BF30E" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="972B2FBB60E645265017B14AA2E609B5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Known distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79A8BDD94758C992FE4D0430C2CEAE93" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
COLOMBIA (central): Department of Colombia. VENEZUELA (northeastern): States of Trujillo,
<normalizedToken id="2FD148F0AE7E5F5B60355D1294991560" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="325CA81F4F35E0BDAC39F3E9B9047571" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
, Lara.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2B3EC429936AA8F9BA0CC88FBD11E925" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="CF0791856E6841A5027C23BC11BDA80A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Figure 66.
<taxonomicName id="96F376E89D1BB51852E68C4C4D2AB743" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla nigromaculifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">Ungla nigromaculifrons</taxonomicName>
Sosa: Male abdomen, (a) segments A6-terminus, lateral (b) segments A7-terminus, lateral (c) T8, T9+ectoproct, dorsal (d) sternite 8+9, ventral. c.c. callus cerci inv invaginated dorsal cleft in T9+ectoproct sp spiracle S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T7 seventh tergite T9+e ninth tergite + ectoproct (Venezuela,
<normalizedToken id="37833C43A53F703C61D01A545CD1D665" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
, UMSP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="72D8C2307597F580B01BB58AA3D0BB35" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="EFE89B5609D29AAF4A28B2513E302716" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Figure 67.
<taxonomicName id="F5148286A5CE933873097D0925E99046" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla nigromaculifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">Ungla nigromaculifrons</taxonomicName>
Sosa: Male genitalia, (a) gonarcal complex, lateral, with gonosaccus expanded (b) gonarcus, dorsal [Note internal structure of mediuncus.] (c) gonarcus, posterior and slightly dorsal [Note shape of gonarcus.] (d) gonarcus, frontal. gsac gonosaccus g.ap. gonarcal apodeme g.br. gonarcal bridge mu mediuncus pr unarticulated process on frontal margin of gonarcal apodeme s.p. setose subanal plate (Venezuela,
<normalizedToken id="64DE2C45FC9536B6A6F89781B1DCEC0D" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
, UMSP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A40B41965A602C6A8FFA0E2129307C21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0CD93544DC08A3B985157BD0785D0EEF" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E62ECC2AB9DDCAD0B22E8DF7BBA2840A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
[in addition to those listed by
<bibRefCitation id="89AA1177D8E353C50A4AB8DA2E372779" author="Sosa, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="176 - 200" title="First records of Ungla Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Venezuela, with descriptions of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.2" volume="4018" year="2015">Sosa (2015)</bibRefCitation>
]. Colombia. Cundinamarca:
<normalizedToken id="AFBC8A15A261EC14A19AEDE8E5657F1C" originalValue="Chía">Chia</normalizedToken>
, 30.vi.1998, M.
<normalizedToken id="24CF56D553B03828D4D392E51C858692" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
(1M, USNM). Venezuela.
<normalizedToken id="AD532A2AFDEF44EFA84889FFB6E4BB0E" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
: Quebrada Los Mirtos, 8 km S El Cobre,
<geoCoordinate id="956C4C69A8AC4140E96777203FFE4624" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.97655">7°58.593'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E9C2CCFCE896A61A3811551873F8A420" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.07525">72°04.515'W</geoCoordinate>
, el. 2400 m, 22.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Cressa, Gutic (1M, 1F, UMSP);
<normalizedToken id="BAC58DB0CA1EA337A27994CAF0B6E509" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
: 9 km NE
<normalizedToken id="82165D93ABD3E2A31F1268733D0066EC" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
, Valle Grande, 15.vii.1991, C. Porter &amp; L. Stange (1F, FSCA); Tabay, 2,200 m, 31.iv.1981, H. K. Townes (1?, FSCA); Lara: Cubiro, 6.v.1981, H. K. Townes (1F, FSCA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3F52F36CDDCA2E331148BC24996BF51" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="6500CA08C11A0393E9462DCF59FC7EF6" lsidName="U. nigromaculifrons" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="nigromaculifrons">U. nigromaculifrons</taxonomicName>
, a specimen from Lara State in Venezuela was reported as a paratype (
<bibRefCitation id="5AE3E93B4F429850CD80C1A88776544F" author="Sosa, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="176 - 200" title="First records of Ungla Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Venezuela, with descriptions of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.2" volume="4018" year="2015">Sosa: 2015</bibRefCitation>
); we now believe that this specimen was misidentified. It is a species that resembles
<taxonomicName id="79F952D7208F4298E1EAA9D1E2DABE42" lsidName="U. bolivari" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="bolivari">U. bolivari</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>