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127 lines
18 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f0a1826-ba89-4ecb-adbb-275211293c87" ID-PMC="PMC7878468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1015-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" ID-PubMed="33613041" ID-ZooBank="F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1015-1" checkinTime="1612497320802" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abe, Hirokazu & Sato-Okoshi, Waka" docDate="2021" docId="2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1015: 1-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1015" docPubDate="2021-02-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" docTitle="Dipolydora socialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" masterDocTitle="Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149773418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-9368</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">habe@iwate-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 468 - 1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 - 8572, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-02-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1015</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1015-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212515" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2A89B6F1-2882-5E15-B9B9-095DA6895234" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">Dipolydora cf. socialis (Schmarda, 1861)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7O</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Late larvae usually thick and slightly fusiform in shape, although not as much as the larvae of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7G</figureCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella hamata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7H, I</figureCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A-I</figureCitation>
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). Anterior margin of prostomium has yellow-brown pigment. Three pairs of black eyes arranged in transverse row, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Band of black pigment on each lateral part of the peristomium. First dorsal black melanophores occur as paired bands on chaetiger III and continue through to chaetiger V. From chaetiger VI, two pairs of dorsal black spots or bands occur and continue to posterior end of body. From chaetiger IV or V and continuing posteriorly, clusters of small black pigmented cells present in transverse row on dorsal posterior half of chaetigers. Lateral pigment found on late larvae on chaetiger II. Each notopodial lobe tipped with orange pigment, small patch of black pigment at the base of notopodial lobes. Ventral pigment consists of paired bars on posterior border of chaetigers, commencing with chaetiger II. Some black or brown pigment may occur on pygidium. Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV and XVII.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from muddy bottom sediment at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in December 2010 by using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler and from bottom sediments of shallow subtidal zone in Sasuhama in April 2013. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. socialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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. The 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 0.35% (6/1715 bp) difference with that of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">D. cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
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from South Africa (KY677899) reported by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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, which may indicate that these two are different species. The 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study rather closer to that of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. carunculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carunculata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. carunculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(940/942 bp match) reported by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1619 - 1624" refId="B155" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, 2013. Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae). Marine Biology 160: 1619 - 1624, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" title="Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" volume="160" year="2013">Radashevsky and Pankova (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, but the 16S gene sequence showed a 2.3% (11/475 bp) difference with that of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. carunculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carunculata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. carunculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. As described above, since the taxonomic status of the species reported here is uncertain, we tentatively referred to it as
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">D. cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Onagawa Bay in November 2010 and 2011, and in October 2012. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1770/1770, 16S: 473/475 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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). The larval morphology of this species agrees with that of
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. socialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora socialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |