281 lines
40 KiB
XML
281 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CAD36DFA84E20D15E81DB4D3EAE9683B">On some miscellaneous sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the collections of the South African Museum with three new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2A0887A599195E2ABCF8FD88FC4AFECE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107300" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521149" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107300" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A0887A599195E2ABCF8FD88FC4AFECE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A0887A599195E2ABCF8FD88FC4AFECE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCF8FD88FD9AFDD2" box="[151,638,578,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCF8FD88FD9AFDD2" blockId="6.[151,638,578,638]" box="[151,638,578,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="F95681DF99195E24BCF8FD88FD9AFDD2" bold="true" box="[151,638,578,604]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BCF8FD88FD9AFDD2" ID-CoL="38HCT" authority="(Barrett, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Barrett" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,638,578,604]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FD88FD9AFDD2" bold="true" box="[151,638,578,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FD88FE5DFDD2" bold="true" box="[151,441,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Echinocucumis hispida</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BDA6FD88FD91FDD2" author="Barrett, L." box="[457,629,578,604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="46 - 48" refId="ref14064" refString="Barrett, L. (1856) Description of four new species of Echinodermata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (2) 20, 46 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935709487870" type="journal article" year="1856">Barrett, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCF8FDAFFEEEFDF0" box="[151,266,613,638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCF8FDAFFEEEFDF0" blockId="6.[151,638,578,638]" box="[151,266,613,638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24BCF1FDAFFEE5FDF0" box="[158,257,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Echinocucumis hispida (Barrett, 1856). MB-A090925. A. Specimen (juvenile); B. Spatulated crosses (with or without apohyses) of body wall; C. Plates of body wall (some spired); D. Tentacle rods; E. Tube feet rods; F. Developing endplate from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615033/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCF8FD64FA78FCD2" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCF8FD64FA78FCB0" blockId="6.[151,1436,685,891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="82B1119D99195E24BCF8FD64FA78FCB0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BCF8FD64FDE2FD4D" authority="Barrett, 1856: 46" authorityName="Barrett" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,518,685,707]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Eupyrgidae" genus="Eupyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FD64FEA8FD4D" box="[151,332,685,707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Eupyrgus hispida</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BD3DFD64FDE2FD4D" author="Barrett, L." box="[338,518,685,707]" page="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1856">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BD3DFD64FE04FD4D" author="Barrett, L." box="[338,480,685,707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="46 - 48" refId="ref14064" refString="Barrett, L. (1856) Description of four new species of Echinodermata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (2) 20, 46 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935709487870" type="journal article" year="1856">Barrett, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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: 46
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 4, figs a–b.
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<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BCF8FD06FDC1FD6C" ID-CoL="38HCZ" authority="Sars, 1861: 102" authorityName="Sars" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,549,716,738]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typica">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FD06FE9EFD6C" box="[151,378,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Echinocucumis typica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BDEEFD06FDC1FD6C" author="Sars, M." box="[385,549,716,738]" page="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1861">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BDEEFD06FE17FD6C" author="Sars, M." box="[385,499,716,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="10 - 16" refId="ref15734" refString="Sars, M. (1861) Oersigt at Norges Echinodermer. Christiania. 166 pp, pls. 10 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1861">Sars, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 102
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 10, figs. 11–20, pl. 11, figs.1–17;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BFDFFD06FBADFD6C" author="Theel, H." box="[944,1097,716,738]" page="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BFDFFD06FBD4FD6C" author="Theel, H." box="[944,1072,716,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref16756" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Holothuroidea. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 4 (39), 1 - 290, 16 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 9
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 3;
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||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BCF8FD21FDC4FC8E" authority="Ludwig, 1901: 149" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,544,746,768]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typica">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FD21FEB5FC8E" box="[151,337,747,768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Cucumaria typica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BD38FD20FDC4FC8E" author="Ludwig, H." box="[343,544,746,768]" page="149" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BD38FD20FE09FC8E" author="Ludwig, H." box="[343,493,746,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="135 - 178" refId="ref15031" refString="Ludwig, H. (1901) Arktische und subarktische Holothurian. Fauna Arctica, 1 (1), 135 - 178." type="journal article" year="1901">Ludwig, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 149
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FCC0FF5AFC91" box="[151,190,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">non</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BCABFCC3FDBAFC91" ID-CoL="38HCZ" authority="Clark, 1923: 418" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1923" box="[196,606,777,799]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typica">
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||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCABFCC3FE4CFC91" box="[196,424,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Echinocucumis typica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BDC0FCC3FDBAFC91" author="Clark, H. L." box="[431,606,777,799]" page="418" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BDC0FCC3FDC9FC91" author="Clark, H. L." box="[431,557,777,799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref14325" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 221 - 435. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1541222 # page / 1 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 14 Dec. 2018)" type="journal article" year="1923">Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 418
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BEEDFCC3FC6BFC91" ID-CoL="5CSRR" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[642,911,777,799]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BEEDFCC3FC6BFC91" box="[642,911,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ypsilothuria bitentaculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099195E24BCF8FCE2FD64FCB0" ID-CoL="38HCT" authority="Deichmann, 1930: 150" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,640,808,830]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FCE2FE6CFCB0" box="[151,392,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Echinocucumis hispida</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BDFFFCE2FD64FCB0" author="Deichmann, E." box="[400,640,808,830]" page="150" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BDFFFCE2FDA8FCB0" author="Deichmann, E." box="[400,588,808,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="43 - 226" refId="ref14497" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 71 (3), 43 - 226, 24 pls." type="book chapter" year="1930">Deichmann, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 150
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 18 (fig. 9);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24BF49FCE2FBBBFCB0" author="Ludwig, H. L. & Heding, S. G." box="[806,1119,808,830]" page="167" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BF49FCE2FBCFFCB0" author="Ludwig, H. L. & Heding, S. G." box="[806,1067,808,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="3 - 214" refId="ref15055" refString="Ludwig, H. L. & Heding, S. G. (1935) Die Holothurien der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1. Fusslose und Dendrochirote Formen. Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899, 24 (2), 3 - 214." type="journal article" year="1935">Ludwig & Heding, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 167
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="230010A299195E24B804FCE2FADEFCB0" author="Panning, A." box="[1131,1338,808,830]" page="454" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24B804FCE2FAE1FCB0" author="Panning, A." box="[1131,1285,808,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref15486" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 454
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24B92AFCE3FA78FCB0" author="Pawson, D. L. & Fell, H. B." box="[1349,1436,809,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref15571" refString="Pawson, D. L. & Fell, H. B. (1965) A revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora, 214, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson,</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCA8FC8CFA78FCD2" blockId="6.[151,1436,685,891]" box="[199,1436,838,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
1965: 8, fig. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BD06FC8DFE18FCD2" author="Hansen, B." box="[361,508,838,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="301 - 308" refId="ref14609" refString="Hansen, B. (1988) The genus Staurocucumis Ekman and its possible affinity with Echinocucumis Sars (Holothuria, Dendrochirota). In: Burke, R. D., Madlenov, c P. V., Lambert, P. & Parsley, R. I. (eds.) Echinoderm Biology, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 301 - 308 incl. 5 figs." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hansen, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 306, fig.5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BE15FC8CFC65FCD2" author="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B." box="[634,897,838,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refId="ref15098" refString="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B. (1994) Echinodermata, Holothurioidea. Scandianavian University Press, 143 pp. http: // www. revista. ib. unam. mx / index. php / bio / article / viewFile / 476 / 442" type="book" year="1994">Madsen & Hansen, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67, fig. 38 (transposed in original paper);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24B92FFC8CFA78FCD2" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1344,1436,838,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="364 - 409" refId="ref16317" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1999) Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R. V. ' Africana II' in 1959, from off the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 105 (9), 364 - 409. Available from: https: // www. guammarinelab. org / peetcukes / spppublications / Thandar % 201992. pdf (Accessed 14 Dec. 2018)" type="journal article" year="1999">Thandar,</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCA8FCAFFE07FCF5" blockId="6.[151,1436,685,891]" box="[199,483,869,891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">1999: 370, figs. 2, 14 A–C.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCF8FC6DFD4DFC4E" box="[151,681,935,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCF8FC6DFD4DFC4E" blockId="6.[151,1437,935,1717]" box="[151,681,935,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCF8FC6DFEE9FC4E" bold="true" box="[151,269,935,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BD26FC62FE02FC4E" author="Pawson, D. L. & Fell, H. B." box="[329,486,935,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref15571" refString="Pawson, D. L. & Fell, H. B. (1965) A revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora, 214, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299195E24BD9DFC6DFD79FC4E" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[498,669,935,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" pagination="364 - 409" refId="ref16317" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1999) Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R. V. ' Africana II' in 1959, from off the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 105 (9), 364 - 409. Available from: https: // www. guammarinelab. org / peetcukes / spppublications / Thandar % 201992. pdf (Accessed 14 Dec. 2018)" type="journal article" year="1999">Thandar, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCA8FC06FCFFFB89" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCA8FC06FCFFFB89" blockId="6.[151,1437,935,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCA8FC06FE53FC6B" bold="true" box="[199,439,972,997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MB-A
|
||
<date id="D61F107399195E24BE65FC06FD85FC6B" box="[522,609,972,997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="25-09-09">090925</date>
|
||
, SM246, off Transkei, south of Port St. Johns,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C795507499195E24B8EEFC06FAF1FC6A" box="[1153,1301,972,997]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" precision="9" value="-31.967667">31° 58.06’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C795507499195E24B94DFC06FF4FFB89" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" precision="9" value="29.584333">29° 35.06’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, biological dredge,
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699195E24BDE2FC25FDCAFB89" box="[397,558,1007,1032]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.64" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1650.0" valueMax="1660.0" valueMin="1640.0">1640–1660 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D61F107399195E24BE55FC3AFD5BFB86" box="[570,703,1008,1032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1979-06-27">27.VI.1979</date>
|
||
, 1 spec.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCA8FBDEFAEDF91E" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCA8FBDEFAEDF91E" blockId="6.[151,1437,935,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCA8FBDEFEB9FBA3" bold="true" box="[199,349,1044,1069]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen small (juvenile), strongly U-shaped and attenuated at both ends, with oral end lying slightly above level of anal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24BE74FBFDFD43FBDE" box="[539,679,1079,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 14A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body wall thin, brittle, now fragmented into two parts. Length along ventral surface about
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699195E24BDB8FB96FDCEFBFA" box="[471,554,1116,1141]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width in mid-body just over
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699195E24BF11FB96FC20FBFA" box="[894,964,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Colour greyish-white to off-white. Tube feet in single/double rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24BDA0FBB5FDB3FB16" box="[463,599,1151,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 14A</figureCitation>
|
||
), double rows mid-ventrally and single rows elsewhere; often difficult to distinguish between spires of thecal plates, however, latter are shorter, brittle and stand erect from body wall. Tentacles retracted, anus apparently surrounded by minute papillae. Calcareous ring low as introvert considerably elongated, simple and delicate, composed of separate, asymmetrical, radial and interradial plates, easily separated, number difficult to distinguish because of size and extreme brittleness of specimen. Radial plates bifid anteriorly, slightly concave posteriorly; interradial plates slightly broader and shorter, with a triangular tip. Tentacles dendritic,
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699195E24BE5DFA92FD85FAFE" box="[562,609,1367,1392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
number with 6 large, of unequal length and 2 much reduced. Polian vesicle single, elongated, tube like. Madreporite not detected. Oesophagus elongated, main part of alimentary canal confined to mid-body. Cloaca much elongated, more than length of oesophagus. Specimen extremely young, therefore gonad absent. Respiratory trees poorly branched. Thecal plates of body wall large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24B960FA0EFA6BFA53" box="[1295,1423,1476,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure14C</figureCitation>
|
||
), smooth, irregular, multilocular, spired, with large holes; spire vertical, eccentric, high. Body wall ossicles also include spatulated crosses with perforated or non-perforated arms and an eccentric spire similar to that of thecal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24BC86F9E5FE94F9C6" box="[233,368,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
); crosses perhaps represent developmental stages of plates. Tube feet ossicles as curved rods with terminal holes and sometimes also a medial spinous projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24BFA0F99EFBB2F9E2" box="[975,1110,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and developing end-plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24BCF1F9BDFEC6F91E" box="[158,290,1655,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 14F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacle ossicles as smooth curved rods with or without terminal holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699195E24B81DF9BDFB1FF91E" box="[1138,1275,1655,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1157,1179]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Psolidothuria yasmeena Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090921. A. Specimen (entire); B. Smooth plates from body wall; C. Plates from body wall with nodules; D. Tube feet deposits; E. Tube feet end-plate; D & E (From Thandar, 2006)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Figure 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EABB653899195E24BCA8F956FD47F93A" box="[199,675,1692,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399195E24BCA8F956FD47F93A" blockId="6.[151,1437,935,1717]" box="[199,675,1692,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199195E24BCA8F956FE80F93B" bold="true" box="[199,356,1692,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Cosmopolitan,
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699195E24BE74F956FD44F93A" box="[539,672,1692,1717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6535" metricValueMax="3.257" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1653.5" valueMax="3257.0" valueMin="50.0">50–3257 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F6DE663B99185E25BCF8F9FEFE81F909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615033/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" startId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1566]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399185E25BCF8F9FEFE81F909" blockId="7.[151,1436,1588,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BCF8F9FEFEF1F9C7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1588,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BD70F9FEFD57F9C4" authority="(Barrett, 1856)" authorityName="Barrett" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Barrett" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[287,691,1588,1610]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BD70F9FEFDEAF9C4" box="[287,526,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Echinocucumis hispida</emphasis>
|
||
(Barrett, 1856)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MB-A090925. A. Specimen (juvenile); B. Spatulated crosses (with or without apohyses) of body wall; C. Plates of body wall (some spired); D. Tentacle rods; E. Tube feet rods; F. Developing endplate from tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EABB653899185E2ABCA8F907FC4AFECE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399185E2ABCA8F907FC4AFECE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1741,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BCA8F907FEDFF968" bold="true" box="[199,315,1741,1766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen at hand is a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BE98F907FC19F968" baseAuthorityName="Barrett" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[759,1021,1741,1766]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BE98F907FC19F968" box="[759,1021,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Echinocucumis hispida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterised by simple plates with eccentric spire and spatulated crosses, also with eccentric spire (apophysis). The juvenile of this species are well described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299185E25BD5AF8DCFE3AF8A0" author="Hansen, B." box="[309,478,1814,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" pagination="301 - 308" refId="ref14609" refString="Hansen, B. (1988) The genus Staurocucumis Ekman and its possible affinity with Echinocucumis Sars (Holothuria, Dendrochirota). In: Burke, R. D., Madlenov, c P. V., Lambert, P. & Parsley, R. I. (eds.) Echinoderm Biology, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 301 - 308 incl. 5 figs." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hansen (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299185E25BE72F8DFFCABF8A0" author="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B." box="[541,847,1813,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refId="ref15098" refString="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B. (1994) Echinodermata, Holothurioidea. Scandianavian University Press, 143 pp. http: // www. revista. ib. unam. mx / index. php / bio / article / viewFile / 476 / 442" type="book" year="1994">Madsen & Hansen (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It was Madsen who stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25B8BCF8DFFA9AF8A0" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[1235,1406,1813,1838]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25B8BCF8DFFA9AF8A0" box="[1235,1406,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Echinocucumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BD5CF8F3FE34F8DC" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[307,464,1849,1874]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Cucumariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BE45F8F0FD2BF8DF" authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1927" box="[554,719,1850,1873]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Staurocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BE45F8F0FD2BF8DF" box="[554,719,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Staurocucumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BF69F8F3FC7FF8DC" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1934" box="[774,923,1849,1874]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Psolicucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BF69F8F3FC7FF8DC" box="[774,923,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Psolicucumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, perhaps implying that it should be classified within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BD61F897FE4FF8F8" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[270,427,1885,1910]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cucumariinae">Cucumariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In fact,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299185E25BE60F897FD26F8F8" author="Smirnov, A. V." box="[527,706,1885,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" pagination="793 - 832" refId="ref15909" refString="Smirnov, A. V. (2012) System of the Class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal, 46, 793 - 832." type="journal article" year="2012">Smirnov (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BFFFF897FBDFF8F8" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[912,1083,1885,1910]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25BFFFF897FBDFF8F8" box="[912,1083,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Echinocucumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25B8E7F897FAC1F8F8" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[1160,1317,1885,1910]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Cucumariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not in its former family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25BD04F84BFDFEF814" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[363,538,1921,1946]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ypsilothuriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter he restricted to only two genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25B842F84BFB51F814" box="[1069,1205,1921,1946]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25B842F84BFB51F814" box="[1069,1205,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099185E25B899F84BFA71F814" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[1270,1429,1921,1946]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199185E25B899F84BFA71F814" box="[1270,1429,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regrettably, the legends to the illustrations given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299185E25BE99F86FFBFBF830" author="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B." box="[758,1055,1957,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refId="ref15098" refString="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B. (1994) Echinodermata, Holothurioidea. Scandianavian University Press, 143 pp. http: // www. revista. ib. unam. mx / index. php / bio / article / viewFile / 476 / 442" type="book" year="1994">Madsen & Hansen (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were inadvertently interchanged. The legend to their Figure 38, which illustrated the ossicles of a
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699185E25BF1AF800FC21F86F" box="[885,965,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
juvenile, was attached to their Figure 43, which represented the ossicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65A14D3099175E2ABE72FF5DFD0DFF3E" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[541,745,151,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199175E2ABE72FF5DFD0DFF3E" box="[541,745,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Psolus squamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There were also other transpositions not pertinent here but require corrections. The ossicles of the current juvenile closely match those illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299175E2AB8D1FF77FA8CFF5A" author="Hansen, B." box="[1214,1384,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" pagination="301 - 308" refId="ref14609" refString="Hansen, B. (1988) The genus Staurocucumis Ekman and its possible affinity with Echinocucumis Sars (Holothuria, Dendrochirota). In: Burke, R. D., Madlenov, c P. V., Lambert, P. & Parsley, R. I. (eds.) Echinoderm Biology, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 301 - 308 incl. 5 figs." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hansen (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299175E2ABCF8FF15FE59FF76" author="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B." box="[151,445,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refId="ref15098" refString="Madsen, J. F. & Hansen, B. (1994) Echinodermata, Holothurioidea. Scandianavian University Press, 143 pp. http: // www. revista. ib. unam. mx / index. php / bio / article / viewFile / 476 / 442" type="book" year="1994">Madsen & Hansen (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299175E2ABDA7FF15FD93FF76" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[456,631,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" pagination="364 - 409" refId="ref16317" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1999) Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R. V. ' Africana II' in 1959, from off the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 105 (9), 364 - 409. Available from: https: // www. guammarinelab. org / peetcukes / spppublications / Thandar % 201992. pdf (Accessed 14 Dec. 2018)" type="journal article" year="1999">Thandar (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this species from the south-western part of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6065F85199175E2AB96FFF2AFF1FFE93" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699175E2ABD4AFECEFE22FE92" box="[293,454,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.891" metricValueMax="3.257" metricValueMin="2.525" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2891.0" valueMax="3257.0" valueMin="2525.0">2525–3257 m</quantity>
|
||
, based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="B4A7FD3A99175E2ABE27FECEFD56FE93" box="[584,690,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="adult">15 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
and some fragments. It is here noted that there is considerable transformation of the juvenile ossicles of this species with age/growth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |