953 lines
81 KiB
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953 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a134fec9-ee97-4d3e-ae3f-eb295c3267db" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164501240" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-275" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621" ID-ZooBank="4A3A5AE9D26340A08621430C7822CFF3" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-275" checkinTime="1591887254079" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Viana, Sarah T. F. L. & Carvalho, Marcelo R. de" docDate="2020" docId="7EC4A4E695AC5F2D8DE26AFA6DB43B1A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(2): 275-311" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962" docTitle="Squalus brevirostris Tanaka 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621" masterDocTitle="Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1634711231051" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Viana, Sarah T. F. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015 Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa & Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Rua do Matao, Travessa 14, no 101, CEP 05508 - 090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-9292</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">stviana@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Marcelo R. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Rua do Matao, Travessa 14, no 101, CEP 05508 - 090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>275</mods:start>
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<mods:end>311</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-275</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4A3A5AE9D26340A08621430C7822CFF3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164501240" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7EC4A4E695AC5F2D8DE26AFA6DB43B1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EC4A4E695AC5F2D8DE26AFA6DB43B1A" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7EC4A4E6-95AC-5F2D-8DE2-6AFA6DB43B1A" authority="Tanaka, 1917" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1917" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus brevirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">Squalus brevirostris Tanaka, 1917</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Upper (A, C, E, G, I) and lower (B, D, F, H, J) teeth of S. shiraii sp. nov. (A, B; HUMZ 80329), S. mitsukurii (C, D; HUMZ 33680), S. japonicus (E, F; HUMZ 189737), S. brevirostris (G, H; HUMZ 189762) and S. suckleyi (I, J; NSMT-P 92640). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420111" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figs 3G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron microscopy of the dermal denticles. Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (A, B): HUMZ 149389 (holotype), adult male, 590 mm TL. S. formosus (C, D): CSIRO H- 6816 - 01 (holotype), adult male, 720 mm TL. S. mitsukurii (E, F): HUMZ 102987, adult male, 970 mm TL. S. japonicus (G, H): NSMT-P 44380 (neotype), adult male, 645 mm TL (G); NSMT-P 91127, juvenile female, 410 mm TL (H). S. brevirostris (I, J): NSMT-P 47378, adult female, 600 mm TL (I); KAUM-I 187, adult female, 578 mm TL (J). S. suckleyi (K, L): NSMT P- 92640, adult female, 970 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 μm (B); 100 μm (D, F, L); 200 μm (A, C, E, G-K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420115" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 7I, J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Map of the North-western Pacific Ocean, showing the geographical distribution of Squalus species. A: S. shiraii sp. nov. (red); B: S. mitsukurii (orange); C: S. japonicus (brown); D: S. brevirostris (yellow); E: S. acutirostris (green); F: S. suckleyi (pink). Star: holotype / neotype; Dotted circle: paratypes; Circle: other material." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420116" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 8D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. External measurements expressed as percentage of total length (% TL) for the holotype (ZUMT 7630) and other specimens of S. brevirostris. TL is expressed in millimeters. N: number of specimens; x: mean; SD: standard deviation." pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Tables 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Meristic data for species of Squalus from Japan. H: holotype; P: paratypes; NT: neotype; N: number of specimens; x; mean; m: mode; SD: standard deviation." pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6 Japanese short-snout spurdog; Tsumari-aizam (Japanese)</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1917" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus brevirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">Squalus brevirostris</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Tanaka, S" journalOrPublisher="Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="455 - 474" refId="B81" refString="Tanaka, S, 1917. Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan, including the Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea, and southern Sakhalin. Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan 26: 455 - 474" title="Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan, including the Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea, and southern Sakhalin." volume="26" year="1917">Tanaka 1917</bibRefCitation>
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: 464-467, plates CXXIX and CXXX, figs 362-364 (original description, illustrated; type by original designation; type locality: Tokyo fish market, Japan, probably from Shimonoseki, Yamagueh Prefecture);
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<bibRefCitation author="Garrick, JAF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="519 - 557" refId="B37" refString="Garrick, JAF, 1960. Studies on New Zealand Elasmobranchii. Part XII. The species of Squalus from New Zealand and Australia; and a general account and key to the New Zealand Squaloidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 519 - 557" title="Studies on New Zealand Elasmobranchii. Part XII. The species of Squalus from New Zealand and Australia; and a general account and key to the New Zealand Squaloidea." volume="88" year="1960">Garrick 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 537 (cited; North-western Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Nature of Kagoshima" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B101" refString="Zhu, Y, 1960. Classification of Chondrichthyes of China. Science Press, Beijing, China." title="Classification of Chondrichthyes of China. Science Press, Beijing, China." year="1960">Zhu 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 106, 110-112 (description; Northwest Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, CT" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="26 - 42" refId="B8" refString="Chen, CT, Taniuchi, T, Nose, Y, 1979. Blainville's dogfish, Squalus blainvillei, from Japan, with notes on S. mitsukurii and S. japonicus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 26 (1): 26 - 42" title="Blainville's dogfish, Squalus blainvillei, from Japan, with notes on S. mitsukurii and S. japonicus." volume="26" year="1979">Chen et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 26, 40 (cited; North-western Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="283 - 286" refId="B102" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, Li, S, 1984. Description of a new species of Squalidae of China. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 15 (4): 283 - 286" title="Description of a new species of Squalidae of China." volume="15" year="1984">Zhu et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 296 (cited; North-western Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Siming, D" journalOrPublisher="Xue Lin Publishing House, Shangai" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B77" refString="Siming, D, Guoqiang, X, Hongxi, Z, 1988. Chondrichthyes. In: Jinao S, Yuanquan C (Eds) A general environmental feature of the deep water of East China Sea. Xue Lin Publishing House, Shangai" title="Chondrichthyes. In: Jinao S, Yuanquan C (Eds) A general environmental feature of the deep water of East China Sea." year="1988">Siming et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 1 (listed; Northwest Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Nakabo, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B61" refString="Nakabo, T, 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo." title="Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo." year="2002">Nakabo 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 155 (listed; Ryukyu Islands, Japan);
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<bibRefCitation author="Duffy, CAJ" editor="Last, PR" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="31 - 38" refId="B25" refString="Duffy, CAJ, Last, PR, 2007a. Part 4 - Squalus raoulensis sp. nov., a new spurdog of the megalops -cubensis group from the Kermadec Ridge. In: Last, PR, White, WT, Pogonoski, JJ, Eds., Descriptions of New Dogfishes of the Genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart: 31 - 38" title="Part 4 - Squalus raoulensis sp. nov., a new spurdog of the megalops - cubensis group from the Kermadec Ridge." volumeTitle="Descriptions of New Dogfishes of the Genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae)." year="2007 a">Duffy and Last 2007a</bibRefCitation>
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: 31, 36, 37 (cited, North and Central Western Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ward, RD" editor="Last, PR" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="117 - 130" refId="B91" refString="Ward, RD, Holmes, BH, Zemlak, TS, Smith, PJ, 2007. DNA barcoding discriminates spurdogs of the genus Squalus. In: Last, PR, White, WT, Pogonoski, JJ, Eds., Descriptions of new dogfishes of the genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart: 117 - 130" title="DNA barcoding discriminates spurdogs of the genus Squalus." volumeTitle="Descriptions of new dogfishes of the genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae)." year="2007">Ward et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 116 (cited);
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/754.1" author="Naylor, GJP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 262" refId="B66" refString="Naylor, GJP, Caira, JN, Jensen, K, Rosana, AM, White, WT, Last, PR, 2012. A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and rays species and its implication of global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 367: 1 - 262, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/754.1" title="A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and rays species and its implication of global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/754.1" volume="367" year="2012">Naylor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 58 (cited; North-western Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Nakabo, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B62" refString="Nakabo, T, 2013. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo." title="Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo." year="2013">Nakabo 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 195 (listed; Japan);
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<bibRefCitation author="Shinohara, G" editor="Fujita, T" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 44, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="225 - 291" refId="B75" refString="Shinohara, G, Nakae, M, Ueda, Y, Kojima, S, Matsuura, K, 2014. Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes of the Sea of Japan. In: Fujita, T, Ed., Deep-sea fauna of the Sea of Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 44, Tokyo: 225 - 291" title="Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes of the Sea of Japan." volumeTitle="Deep-sea fauna of the Sea of Japan." year="2014">Shinohara et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 233 (listed; North-western Pacific Ocean).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="non Macleay" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus megalops" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">Squalus megalops</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Compagno, LJV" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B10" refString="Compagno, LJV, 1984. FAO Species Catalogue No.125: Sharks of the world, an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes, vol. 4. FAO, Rome" title="FAO Species Catalogue No. 125: Sharks of the world, an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes, vol. 4. FAO, Rome" year="1984">Compagno 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 118-119 (cited; North-western Pacific Ocean);
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B103" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, 2001. Faina Sinica - Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes. Science Press, Beijing." title="Faina Sinica - Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes. Science Press, Beijing." year="2001">Zhu and Meng 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 311, 318-319 (cited, description; Northwest Pacific Ocean).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL, collected at Tokyo fish market, Japan, unknown collecting date and collector.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="72B784C1F17178C5E1E13EB1DF25F43B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72B784C1F17178C5E1E13EB1DF25F43B" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Table 4.</emphasis>
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External measurements expressed as percentage of total length (% TL) for the holotype (ZUMT 7630) and other specimens of
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. TL is expressed in millimeters. N: number of specimens;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">x</emphasis>
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: mean; SD: standard deviation.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<table pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">-</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">N</th>
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<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">-</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">x</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">SD</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Total length (mm)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">426.0</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">147.0-578.0</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">408.2</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">100.9</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Precaudal length</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">79.8</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">75.1-81.3</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">79.2</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pre-second dorsal length</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">61.7</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">58.4-63.8</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">61.9</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pre-first dorsal length</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">29.6</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">28.5-31.7</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">30.0</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pre-vent length</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">47.7</td>
|
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">43.1-49.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">46.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Prepelvic length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">43.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">42.4-46.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">44.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Prepectoral length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">21.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">19.0-22.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">21.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Head length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">21.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">20.0-29.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">22.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Prebranchial length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">17.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">16.8-21.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">18.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Prespiracular length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.3-12.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Preorbital length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.5-7.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Prenarial length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.8-4.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Preoral length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.4-10.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Inner nostril-labial furrow space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.5-5.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Mouth width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.4-8.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Labial furrow length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.0-2.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Internarial space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.4-4.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Interorbital space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.8-10.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Eye length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.2-6.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Eye height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.8-2.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Spiracle length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.4-2.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First gill-slit height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.5-2.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Fifth gill-slit height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.7-2.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Interdorsal space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">24.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">23.3-27.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">24.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Dorsal-caudal space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.9-10.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pectoral-pelvic space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">21.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">17.2-22.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">20.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pelvic-caudal space</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">28.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">24.6-29.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">27.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">13.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.6-14.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">13.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin anterior margin</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.9-12.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin base length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.4-9.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.5-8.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin inner margin</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.2-6.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin posterior margin</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.6-9.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin spine length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.6-4.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">First dorsal-fin spine base width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5-0.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.2-13.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin anterior margin</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.7-12.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin base length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.1-7.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.2-7.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin inner margin</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.8-6.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin posterior margin</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">2.9-5.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin spine length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.2-6.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Second dorsal-fin spine base width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7-0.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin anterior margin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.0-15.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin inner margin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.8-12.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin base length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.8-5.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin posterior margin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.3-11.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pelvic length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.3-13.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin inner margin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.8-6.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Dorsal caudal margin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">20.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">19.2-21.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">20.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Preventral caudal margin length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.1-12.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Caudal fork width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.6-7.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Head width at nostrils</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.2-9.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Head width at mouth</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.7-12.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Head width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.0-14.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">12.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Trunk width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">8.0-12.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Abdomen width</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">11.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.1-12.4</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Head height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.0-11.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.0</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Trunk height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">9.3-13.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Abdomen height</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.7-13.2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">10.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Clasper outer length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.9</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.4-5.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">4.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">Clasper inner length</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">7.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">3.0-8.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">6.8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
CAS 15916, juvenile male, 380 mm TL, Formosa Strait, Taiwan,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55555" value="26.0">26°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55555" value="121.0">121°E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 90 m depth; CAS 30563, juvenile female, 270 mm TL, Formosa banks, Taiwan strait, Taiwan,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.666666">22°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="118.5">118°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 50 m depth; CSIRO H 6293-29, juvenile female, 404 mm TL, Tashi fish market, near I-Lan (NE coast), Taiwan; CSIRO H 6483-02, adult male, 450 mm TL, off Kasasa, Kagoshima, Japan, East China Sea,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="31.483334">31°29'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="130.03334">130°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 145-150 m depth; HUMZ 33679, juvenile male, 390 mm TL, East China Sea,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="29.9">29°54'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="126.13333">126°08'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; HUMZ 95065, adult female, 465 mm TL, East China Sea,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="14.7" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="26.245">26°14.7'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="42.5" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="124.708336">124°42.5'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 270-342 m depth; HUMZ 189743, adult male, 387 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189745, adult female, 450 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189747, adult male, 365 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189751, adult male, 395 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189756, adult female, 402 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189757, juvenile female, 357 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189758, adult female, 475 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189761, adult male, 400 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189763, adult female, 433 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL, East China Sea; KAUM-I 185, adult female, 500 mm TL, off Kasasa, Kagoshima, Japan, East China Sea,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="31.483334">31°29'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="130.03334">130°02'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 145-150 m depth; KAUM-I 187, adult female, 578 mm TL, locality same as KAUM-I 185; KAUM-I 377, adult male, 377 mm TL, locality same as KAUM-I 185; NSMT-P 47378, adult female, 600 mm TL, Central Pacific Ocean; NSMT P-47379, adult male, 452 mm TL, Derwent-Hunter Guyot,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="36.3" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-30.605">30°36.3'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="156" direction="east" minutes="12.2" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="156.20334">156°12.2'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; NSMT-P 64979, two juvenile females, 480-520 mm TL, East China Sea,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="0.57" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.0095">29°0.57'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="0.4" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="127.00667">127°0.4'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 167-170 m depth; SU 13468, adult female, 530 mm TL, Osaka market, Japan, 34.70N, 135.49E; SU 230373, neonate female, 270 mm TL, two neonate males, 200 mm TL, South China Sea,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="19.108334">19°6'30"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="112" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="112.63333">112°38'00"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 111-119 m depth; ZUMT uncatalogued, female embryo, 147 mm TL, male embryo, 182 mm TL, Japan.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
A small-sized (373-578 mm TL in adults)
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species that differs from its Japanese congeners by: snout conspicuously short, its prenarial length 4.0%, 3.8%-4.3% TL (vs. 5.4%-5.6% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. vs. 4.1%-5.6% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 5.9%-6.8% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 4.7%-5.1% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); dermal denticles unicuspid and lanceolate; pectoral-fin free rear tips conspicuously pointed; more elongate pectoral fins with its inner margin length 10.3%, 9.8%-11.2% TL (vs. 7.3%-8.3%TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. vs. 7.7%-9.5% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 7.5%-8.8% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 7.3%-8.7% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. suckleyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="suckleyi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. suckleyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 6.6%-8.3% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). It is further separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by narrower internarial space (3.6%, 3.4%-3.8% TL vs. 4.1%, 4.1%-4.7% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 4.8%, 4.1%-4.8% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.) and from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by larger second dorsal and pelvic fins (second dorsal-fin inner margin length 5.0%, 4.8%-5.7% TL and pelvic fin length 11.7%, 10.9%-13.6% TL vs. 3.6%, 3.2%-4.1% TL and 10.7%, 9.5%-10.7% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.) and wider caudal fin, its width at caudal fork 6.6%, 6.6%-7.3% TL (vs. 6.4%, 5.7%-6.4% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.). It is distinct from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by snout rounded at tip, shorter preorbital (6.7%, 6.5%-7.5% TL vs. 8.7%, 8.7%-10.3% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and preoral length (9.1%, 8.4%-9.5% TL vs. 10.7%, 10.7%-12.2% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1917" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus brevirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus brevirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is easily separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by mononspondylous and total vertebrae (40, 37-42 and 110, 105-114 vs. 44-46 and 116-117 for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 47, 44-48 and 122, 120-123 for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.). It also exhibits lower number of precaudal vertebrae than
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (83, 78-89 vs. 93, 91-94 for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
|
Small size species (147.0-578.0 mm TL) of Japanese dogfish. Body fusiform and slender, equally deep from head to trunk (head height 0.9, 0.9-1.0 times trunk height and 1.0, 0.8-1.2 times abdomen height) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Head very short, its length 21.9% (20.0%-29.6%) TL; head width 1.4 (1.0-1.4) times broader than trunk width and 1.1 (1.1-1.6) times abdomen width. Snout somewhat obtuse ventrally, very short (preorbital length 6.7%, 6.5%-7.5% TL); anterior nasal flap broad and bifurcated, nearer to snout tip than to mouth with prenarial length 0.8 (0.8-0.9) times distance from nostril to upper labial furrow (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5D-F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Eyes oval with anterior margin rounded and posterior margin notched; eyes large, its length 2.3 (1.8-2.5) times its height. Prespiracular length 0.6 (0.5-0.6) times prepectoral length and 1.8 (1.6-1.9) times preorbital length. Spiracle crescent and narrow, its length 0.3 (0.3-0.4) times eye length, nearer to posterior margin of the eye than to first gill slit. First and fifth gill slits somewhat concave and low; fifth gill slit 1.1 (0.9-1.6) times higher than first gill slit.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1917" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus brevirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus brevirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: lateral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
) and ventral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">D-F</emphasis>
|
|
) views; first (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">G, K</emphasis>
|
|
) and second (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H, L</emphasis>
|
|
) dorsal fins; pectoral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">I, M</emphasis>
|
|
) and caudal (J,N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A, D, G-J</emphasis>
|
|
); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B, E, K-N</emphasis>
|
|
); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">C, F</emphasis>
|
|
). Scale bars: 50 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A-F</emphasis>
|
|
); 20 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">G-N</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Preoral length somewhat equal to mouth width, corresponding to 1.1 (1.1-1.2) times the latter. Mouth markedly arched and narrow, its width 2.3 (1.8-2.3) times broader than internarial space; upper labial furrow small, its length 2.6% (2.0%-2.7% TL) with thin fold; lower labial furrow also short with fold subdivided into three small inter-digits. Teeth tiny and unicuspid, labial-lingually flattened and alternate, similar in both jaws, lower teeth slightly wider than the upper teeth; cusp short and oblique; mesial cutting edge convex; both distal and mesial heels rounded; apron elongate in upper and lower teeth (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Upper (A, C, E, G, I) and lower (B, D, F, H, J) teeth of S. shiraii sp. nov. (A, B; HUMZ 80329), S. mitsukurii (C, D; HUMZ 33680), S. japonicus (E, F; HUMZ 189737), S. brevirostris (G, H; HUMZ 189762) and S. suckleyi (I, J; NSMT-P 92640). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420111" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">3G, H</figureCitation>
|
|
). Three and two series of functional teeth on upper and lower jaws for holotype (two series for non-type specimens); 12-0-13 (12-0-12) teeth rows in upper jaw; 10-0-10 (10-0-10) teeth rows in lower jaw.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Pre-first dorsal length 1.4 (1.3-1.6) times prepectoral length. First dorsal fin short, its length 1.7 (1.5-1.9) times its height; first dorsal-fin low, its height 1.3 (1.2-1.5) times greater than its inner margin length; first dorsal-fin anterior margin concave and posterior margin straight; first dorsal-fin free, rear tip pointed; first dorsal-fin apex rounded and slender at fin web (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5G, K</figureCitation>
|
|
). Origin of first dorsal-fin spine anterior to vertical traced at free rear tips of pectoral fins; first dorsal-fin spine short (broken in the holotype), never reaching first dorsal-fin apex, its length 0.3-0.6 times first dorsal-fin height. Interdorsal space 1.1 (1.1-1.3) times prepectoral length and 2.4 (2.2-2.6) times larger than dorsal-caudal space. Pre-second dorsal length 2.8 (2.7-3.3) times greater than prepectoral length and 3.0 (2.8-3.2) times the length of dorsal caudal margin. Second dorsal fin very short, its length 0.9 (0.8-1.0) times first dorsal-fin length; second dorsal fin low, its height 1.2 (0.8-1.4) times length of second dorsal-fin inner margin; second dorsal-fin anterior margin concave and posterior margin markedly falcate; second dorsal-fin apex rounded and evidently slender at fin web (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5H, L</figureCitation>
|
|
). Second dorsal-fin spine thick and elongate, although not reaching the apex, its length 0.8 (0.8-1.1) times the fin height; second dorsal-fin spine length 1.3-2.6 times greater than length of first dorsal-fin spine.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Pectoral fin conspicuously narrow with pectoral-fin anterior margin length 1.4 (1.3-1.9) times larger than pectoral-fin posterior margin length and 1.4 (1.1-1.5) times larger than pectoral-fin inner margin length; pectoral-fin anterior and inner margins convex; pectoral-fin posterior margin conspicuously concave; pectoral-fin apex rounded and lobe-like; pectoral-fin free rear tips markedly pointed and triangular, markedly lobe-like (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5I, M</figureCitation>
|
|
); pectoral-fin free rear tips reaching the horizontal line traced at pectoral-fin apex. Pectoral-pelvic space 0.8 (0.6-0.9) times pelvic-caudal space. Pelvic fins nearer to first dorsal fin than second dorsal fin. Pelvic fins very narrow with pelvic-fin margins straight; pelvic-fin apex rounded; pelvic-fin free rear tips triangular, pointed and lobe-like; pelvic fin length 1.2 (0.9-1.2) times length of preventral caudal margin. Clasper flattened ventrally and small, its outer length 3.9% (1.4%-5.1% TL), transcending the pelvic-fin free rear tips; clasper groove dorsal, longitudinal and short; apopyle and hypopyle with conspicuous apertures, near each other; rhipidion blade-like, located at the posterior end of the clasper; inner length of clasper 1.2 (0.5-1.2) times length of pelvic-fin inner margin.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Caudal keel prominent, reaching from forward second dorsal fin insertion to behind origin of caudal fin. Caudal fin slightly slender in the dorsal caudal lobe; dorsal caudal and upper postventral caudal margins convex; dorsal caudal tip rounded (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5J, N</figureCitation>
|
|
); dorsal caudal margin 0.9 (0.7-1.0) times head length and 2.0 (1.5-2.0) times larger than preventral caudal margin; lower postventral caudal margin convex (broken in holotype); preventral caudal margin strongly convex and short, its length 1.7 (1.6-2.3) times greater than length of pelvic-fin inner margin; ventral caudal tip rounded (broken in holotype); caudal fork discontinuous between lobes, its width 6.6% (6.6%-7.6%) TL.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Squamation" lsidName="Squamation" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squamation</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron microscopy of the dermal denticles. Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (A, B): HUMZ 149389 (holotype), adult male, 590 mm TL. S. formosus (C, D): CSIRO H- 6816 - 01 (holotype), adult male, 720 mm TL. S. mitsukurii (E, F): HUMZ 102987, adult male, 970 mm TL. S. japonicus (G, H): NSMT-P 44380 (neotype), adult male, 645 mm TL (G); NSMT-P 91127, juvenile female, 410 mm TL (H). S. brevirostris (I, J): NSMT-P 47378, adult female, 600 mm TL (I); KAUM-I 187, adult female, 578 mm TL (J). S. suckleyi (K, L): NSMT P- 92640, adult female, 970 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 μm (B); 100 μm (D, F, L); 200 μm (A, C, E, G-K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420115" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7I, J</figureCitation>
|
|
). Dermal denticles unicuspid and lanceolate, not imbricated; cusp rounded and posterior; denticles conspicuously slender at crown, although markedly broad medial-anteriorly at its base; denticles with length much greater than its width; median ridge tall and thick, bifurcated anteriorly with profound anterior furrow; lateral ridges tall and thin, shorter than median ridge.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Colouration</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Squalus brevirostris: lateral (A-C) and ventral (D-F) views; first (G, K) and second (H, L) dorsal fins; pectoral (I, M) and caudal (J, N) fins. ZUMT 7630 (holotype), adult male, 426 mm TL (A, D, G-J); HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL (B, E, K-N); HUMZ 189767, juvenile male, 275 mm TL (C, F). Scale bars: 50 mm (A-F); 20 mm (G-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420113" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5</figureCitation>
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). Body brownish-grey dorsally, white ventrally and latero-posteriorly Pectoral fins grey with pectoral-fin posterior and inner margins white. Pelvic fins white dorsally and ventrally. First dorsal fin brownish-grey, slightly white at first dorsal-fin posterior margin, free rear tip and fin base; second dorsal fin light brown, whitish at the fin base, somewhat white at second dorsal-fin apex, posterior margin and freer rear tip. Dorsal-fin spines grey, dark grey anteriorly and white at the tip. Caudal fin light brown, whitish near vertebral column; postventral caudal margins white, broadly white at dorsal caudal tip and from ventral caudal tip to caudal fork; light black caudal stripe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName genus="Vertebral" lsidName="Vertebral" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">Vertebral</taxonomicName>
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counts
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</emphasis>
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(Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Meristic data for species of Squalus from Japan. H: holotype; P: paratypes; NT: neotype; N: number of specimens; x; mean; m: mode; SD: standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2DA11A1AF0C18FEB0512CBB43BD9057C" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" tableUuid="2DA11A1AF0C18FEB0512CBB43BD9057C">6</tableCitation>
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). 83 (holotype) 78-89 (other material) precaudal vertebrae; 70 (66-72) diplospondylous vertebrae; 110 (105-114) total vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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This species occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the North-western Pacific Ocean from Southern Japan, China and Taiwan on continental shelves and upper continental slopes between 50-342 m depth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Map of the North-western Pacific Ocean, showing the geographical distribution of Squalus species. A: S. shiraii sp. nov. (red); B: S. mitsukurii (orange); C: S. japonicus (brown); D: S. brevirostris (yellow); E: S. acutirostris (green); F: S. suckleyi (pink). Star: holotype / neotype; Dotted circle: paratypes; Circle: other material." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420116" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">8D</figureCitation>
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). It is also recorded from the Philippines in
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<bibRefCitation author="Manjaji-Matsumoto, BM" editor="Motomura, H" journalOrPublisher="The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="19 - 26" refId="B55" refString="Manjaji-Matsumoto, BM, 2017. Chondrichthyes. In: Motomura, H, Alama, UB, Muto, N, Babaran, RP, Ishikawa, S, Eds., Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto: 19 - 26" title="Chondrichthyes." volumeTitle="Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines." year="2017">Manjaji-Matsumoto (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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Morphological variations in the shape of pectoral and dorsal fins, dermal denticles and colour of caudal fin are observed within
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. First dorsal-fin posterior margin is somewhat straight near its apex like in the holotype, although other specimens exhibit first dorsal-fin posterior margin concave. Pectoral fins are slightly broad at posterior margin in specimens from the Central Western Pacific Ocean (except Taiwan), while it is narrow in others like that observed for the holotype. Pelvic fins are nearer to first dorsal fin, although it may be in the midline between the two dorsal fins in a few specimens. Caudal fin has postventral caudal margins white, although narrowly white at caudal fork in specimens from Kagoshima. Thickness of the dermal denticles varies from very slender to conspicuously broad at the crown in few specimens from Kagoshima. These variations are possibly not related to dimorphism or ontogeny and apparently it is scattered, as it has an unclear morphological pattern throughout the distributional range of this species in the North and Central Western Pacific Ocean.
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<bibRefCitation author="Duffy, CAJ" editor="Last, PR" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="31 - 38" refId="B25" refString="Duffy, CAJ, Last, PR, 2007a. Part 4 - Squalus raoulensis sp. nov., a new spurdog of the megalops -cubensis group from the Kermadec Ridge. In: Last, PR, White, WT, Pogonoski, JJ, Eds., Descriptions of New Dogfishes of the Genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart: 31 - 38" title="Part 4 - Squalus raoulensis sp. nov., a new spurdog of the megalops - cubensis group from the Kermadec Ridge." volumeTitle="Descriptions of New Dogfishes of the Genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae)." year="2007 a">Duffy and Last (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
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previously noticed differences in the dermal denticles, which was suggested to be due to ontogeny. Further comparative investigations are required to include more specimens from Taiwan and South Korea in order to better understand these variations within the species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1917" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus brevirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibits low vertebral counts that are usually overlapped to those of morphologically similar species occurring elsewhere, such as
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. megalops" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="megalops">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. megalops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutipinnis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutipinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. lobularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="lobularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. lobularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, it can be separated from other similar species by precaudal vertebrae with
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. hemipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="hemipinnis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. hemipinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. notocaudatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="notocaudatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. notocaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. formosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="formosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. formosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, total vertebrae with
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. hemipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="hemipinnis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. hemipinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. notocaudatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="notocaudatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. notocaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. formosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="formosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. formosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. albifrons" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="albifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. albifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and monospondylous vertebrae with
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. notocaudatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="notocaudatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. notocaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. formosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="formosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. formosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. albifrons" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="albifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. albifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. bucephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="bucephalus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. bucephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |