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<document id="64BF010E6FF7FDDA02420880B9923E95" ID-CLB-Dataset="6521" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67f48cde-c614-4032-8c46-e21235b87124" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736691" ID-ZooBank="F4CABF6C-1993-4112-A03E-4DBF708BB025" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620120909097" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2021" docId="ED10C428FFFB2301FF500F31FCC5F967" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4966.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4966 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Schizotricha falcata Pena Cantero 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="1129BC50FFF22308FFC70D70FFD4FFDF" masterDocTitle="Additions to knowledge of the biodiversity of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Balleny Islands (Antarctica)" masterLastPageNumber="336" masterPageNumber="321" pageNumber="330" updateTime="1698938311577" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E089231444545D7EC56BA12EFE004A0A">Additions to knowledge of the biodiversity of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Balleny Islands (Antarctica)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="ED10C428FFFB2301FF500F31FCC5F967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736753" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182384180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED10C428FFFB2301FF500F31FCC5F967" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED10C428FFFB2301FF500F31FCC5F967" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFB2301FF500F31FD52FD83" box="[151,646,577,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF500F31FD52FD83" blockId="9.[151,646,577,640]" box="[151,646,577,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<heading id="3E4EC252FFFB2301FF500F31FD52FD83" bold="true" box="[151,646,577,604]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFB2301FF500F31FD52FD83" authority="Pena Cantero, 1998" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,646,577,604]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF500F31FD52FD83" bold="true" box="[151,646,577,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF500F31FE5DFD83" bold="true" box="[151,393,577,604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Schizotricha falcata</emphasis>
Peña Cantero, 1998
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFB2301FF500F16FEF6FD5F" box="[151,290,614,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="description">
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF500F16FEF6FD5F" blockId="9.[151,646,577,640]" box="[151,290,614,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
(
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFB2301FF670F16FECEFD5F" box="[160,282,614,640]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[241,1345,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Symplectoscyphus cumberlandicus (Jäderholm, 1905): A, hydrothecae; B, gonotheca. Halecium exaggeratum Peña Cantero, Boero &amp; Piraino, 2013: C, distal part of internode with hydrophore (arrow pointing to pseudodiaphragm) and hydrotheca. Schizotricha falcata Peña Cantero, 1998: D, forked hydrocladial internode and ahydrothecate internode (arrow); E, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; F, gonotheca; GH, forked hydrocladial internodes from holotype (arrows pointing to perisarc indentations). Scale bar: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736697/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2DH</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFB2301FF500FDDFB1EFD17" box="[151,1226,685,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF500FDDFB1EFD17" blockId="9.[151,1437,685,1720]" box="[151,1226,685,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF500FDDFDE5FD18" bold="true" box="[151,561,685,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Material examined. TAN 0602/447</emphasis>
, one stem
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FD6C0FDEFCDCFD17" box="[683,776,686,713]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 mm</quantity>
high, with gonothecae (
<collectionCode id="03A8EDFBFFFB2301FBD30FDEFB8AFD17" box="[1044,1118,686,712]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
144248).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFB2301FF000FA2FA56FCEB" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="description">
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF000FA2FA56FCEB" blockId="9.[151,1437,685,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF000FA2FE09FD34" bold="true" box="[199,477,721,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FE220FA2FDBCFD33" box="[485,616,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Hydrotheca</emphasis>
: length of abcauline wall from
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FC0D0FA2FBF6FD33" box="[970,1058,722,749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
at 1
<superScript id="92CCD876FFFB2301FB950FA2FB89FD3F" attach="left" box="[1106,1117,722,736]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">st</superScript>
internode to
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FB340FA2FA9EFD33" box="[1267,1354,722,748]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="240.0">240 µm</quantity>
at 12
<superScript id="92CCD876FFFB2301FA4E0FA1FA42FD00" attach="none" box="[1417,1430,721,735]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
.
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF500F86FECAFCCF" box="[151,286,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: length 1200, maximum diameter 520, diameter at aperture 270.
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FC3E0F86FADEFCCF" box="[1017,1290,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Hydrocladial internodes</emphasis>
: from 900 at 1
<superScript id="92CCD876FFFB2301FF620E6AFF64FCF7" attach="left" box="[165,176,794,808]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">st</superScript>
internode to 680 at distal ones.
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FDD10E6BFD70FCEB" box="[534,676,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Nematocysts</emphasis>
: larger microbasic mastigophores 1921.5 x 6.57, smaller 6 x 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFB2301FF000E4EFB82F993" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF000E4EFB50FB8B" blockId="9.[151,1437,685,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF000E4EFEEFFC87" bold="true" box="[199,315,830,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Remarks.</emphasis>
The presence of an ahydrothecate internode following hydrocladial and cauline apophyses (
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFB2301FAF10E4EFA5BFC87" box="[1334,1423,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[241,1345,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Symplectoscyphus cumberlandicus (Jäderholm, 1905): A, hydrothecae; B, gonotheca. Halecium exaggeratum Peña Cantero, Boero &amp; Piraino, 2013: C, distal part of internode with hydrophore (arrow pointing to pseudodiaphragm) and hydrotheca. Schizotricha falcata Peña Cantero, 1998: D, forked hydrocladial internode and ahydrothecate internode (arrow); E, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; F, gonotheca; GH, forked hydrocladial internodes from holotype (arrows pointing to perisarc indentations). Scale bar: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736697/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
), initially prompted me to consider this material different from that of
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFB2301FC730E12FBF4FCA3" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1998" box="[948,1056,866,892]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FC730E12FBF4FCA3" box="[948,1056,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which no such ahydrothecate internodes had been reported (cf. Peña Cantero 1998; Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 1999). Nevertheless, I have examined some slides from the
<typeStatus id="BA02CB9CFFFB2301FE430EDAFE32FC1B" box="[388,486,938,964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and found that, at least, there are indications that such internodes might develop after the apophyses; a little, but distinct, perisarc indentation marking what would be the limit between an apophysis and an ahydrothecate internode is usually present (
<figureCitation id="FD8269BBFFFB2301FD120E82FCCDFBD3" box="[725,793,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,187,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[241,1345,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Symplectoscyphus cumberlandicus (Jäderholm, 1905): A, hydrothecae; B, gonotheca. Halecium exaggeratum Peña Cantero, Boero &amp; Piraino, 2013: C, distal part of internode with hydrophore (arrow pointing to pseudodiaphragm) and hydrotheca. Schizotricha falcata Peña Cantero, 1998: D, forked hydrocladial internode and ahydrothecate internode (arrow); E, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; F, gonotheca; GH, forked hydrocladial internodes from holotype (arrows pointing to perisarc indentations). Scale bar: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736697/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G-H). A much more careful study of the present material revealed that the presence of an ahydrothecate internode not clearly demarcated from the apophyses was actually the rule; a clearly defined ahydrothecate internode was observed only on a few occasions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF00092EFD82FAF3" blockId="9.[151,1437,685,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
Thus, the only difference with previous material of
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFB2301FCE0092EFC40FBA7" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1998" box="[807,916,1118,1144]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FCE0092EFC40FBA7" box="[807,916,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to the number of infrahydrothecal nematothecae on the cauline internodes: two to three in the
<typeStatus id="BA02CB9CFFFB2301FC8209F2FC73FB43" box="[837,935,1154,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(on one occasion one), but only one in this material (two on one occasion). The hydrocladial forked internodes are also provided with a slightly higher number of infrahydrothecal nematothecae (two to three in the
<typeStatus id="BA02CB9CFFFB2301FD3309BAFC8DFB3B" box="[756,857,1226,1252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but one or two in the present material). This minor difference in the number of infrahydrothecal nematothecae does not seem important enough and, accordingly, I assign the present material to
<taxonomicName id="A2B90EBDFFFB2301FE220862FD9BFAF3" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1998" box="[485,591,1298,1324]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FE220862FD9BFAF3" box="[485,591,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF000846FB82F993" blockId="9.[151,1437,685,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
Present material also agrees with the concept of the species in the presence of unbranched stems, the size and shape of the hydrotheca (abcauline length increasing along hydrocladium, from
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FBCB082AFBB6FAAB" box="[1036,1122,1370,1397]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
at 1
<superScript id="92CCD876FFFB2301FB57082AFB4FFAB7" attach="left" box="[1168,1179,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">st</superScript>
internode to
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FAEB082AFA56FAAB" box="[1324,1410,1370,1396]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="240.0">240 µm</quantity>
at 12
<superScript id="92CCD876FFFB2301FF74080DFF14FA54" attach="none" box="[179,192,1405,1419]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
) and gonotheca (
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FE46080EFE3CFA47" box="[385,488,1406,1432]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 µm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FDE9080EFD51FA47" box="[558,645,1406,1433]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="520.0">520 µm</quantity>
in maximum diameter and
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FC7E080EFBC4FA47" box="[953,1040,1406,1432]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="270.0">270 µm</quantity>
at aperture, sickle-shaped and with two nematothecae) and the peculiar hydrocladial branching. In the present material, up to fifth-order hydrocladia are formed in a typical way, from the first internode of the subsequent lower-order hydrocladia, as usually occurs in other species of the genus. However, the primary hydrocladium also gives rise to another secondary hydrocladium in its fifth internode (this second-order hydrocladium was also observed giving rise to a third-order one at its first internode), as also do the first second-order, third-order and fourth-order hydrocladia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DA326B5FFFB2301FF000B26FCC5F967" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6506753EFFFB2301FF000B26FCC5F967" blockId="9.[151,1437,685,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="57CDA92CFFFB2301FF000B26FE21F9B0" bold="true" box="[199,501,1621,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
The material, which represents the first record of the species from the area of study, was collected at depths between 74 and
<quantity id="A241D8DBFFFB2301FD890B0AFD40F94B" box="[590,660,1658,1684]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
off Young Island; gonothecae in March. The species has been recently reported from the nearby Ross Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="012808CFFFFB2301FDED0BEEFCD2F967" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[554,774,1694,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref7636" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2017) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) collected by the New Zealand Antarctic expedition BioRoss 2004 with RV Tangaroa. Zootaxa, 4293 (1), 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4293.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Peña Cantero 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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