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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="24300" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee5a0817-7cfc-4c21-ba7d-3beabb06cccd" ID-PMC="PMC7004242" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-905-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" ID-PubMed="32063726" ID-ZooBank="F4C766E4633A41039FFDE952718F41FB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-905-1" checkinTime="1579539902851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salata, Sebastian &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2020" docId="EBE9B4F22626BF780709489D2BAC2F9C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 905: 1-235" docOrigin="ZooKeys 905" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" docTitle="Pheidole praegrandis Salata &amp; Fisher 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" masterDocTitle="Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649601836" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9B902C08B27CF3C219D0E263CF065AD5">Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E346EF6AB213820972D7DD900EF905A">Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D30A9DE4CE276A85AB9678C06E8CAEA7">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A53B30341ADDB68672C6C7535EB7E854">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3CDB38FB90E53DE723A6A2CC230EF718">905</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DB2CEE5A68F90A7A8E8FAA1770CFDB41">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="046A2F6572869B517B42AF12ABA2343A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0C83BFE74A8A26DF7668818AF57334A3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-905-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EBE9B4F22626BF780709489D2BAC2F9C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777039" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBE9B4F22626BF780709489D2BAC2F9C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="A2D22ECAA7C3D1DFDB45A48C22CDBE04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="886CB9A1BBDCCE0E1AEE0063DBDE5AC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F762F09A497B013E6C1FFB4D5041AF60" ID-CoL="CMLQX" LSID="http://zoobank.org/F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" authority="Salata &amp; Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole praegrandis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FADBDA922EB095485709FF2FC40D0259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="F504C1FF303C0868490EC75428BB9E25" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 25A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C67158549CBE01D9552F8CDC3E6C2801" captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 85S</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7875042B7D50F146B6CBAFCB61382976" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Distribution. Pheidole petax Forel (A). P. podargea sp. nov. (B). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (C). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (D). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (E). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (F). P. scabrata Forel (G). P. typhlos sp. nov. (H). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (I). P. voasara sp. nov. (J). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (K). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373135" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 88C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AADFF1A18380DF7787E2B63A3563DA5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="EF4D83266ED197779B105511884EB962" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FFD0608C65B5604D3A4210803856ABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="80650FB71A19873A7D4371953DB5AA83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="AE31DBE211E15FB220D0E671AB85798B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Madagascar. •1 major worker; Antsiranana; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35°NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327°NNW Manantenina; -14.435, 49.76; alt. 775 m; 15 Nov 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; BLF08889, CASENT0494942, top specimen on the pin (CASC).
<emphasis id="42E702BD20844357B151F0BB175031DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="505371E33DE593167C68F188C3BA6728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Madagascar. •9w., 2s.; same data as for holotype; CASENT0494952, CASENT0872086, CASENT0494943-CASENT0494945, CASENT0872223-CASENT0872229 (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D5362BADB3386D58EDA612A8D48EA70" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B1AD967FBBA5BB1BD30BD17047F09402" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C741DDD16DA86903AA473162CA228EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Madagascar. -
<emphasis id="A499029578DC0EBD94B914F67EA6FA8C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
: •1w., 1s.; Makirovana Forest;
<geoCoordinate id="5C36EE5589D5DC39E7997559E1BA0BBF" degrees="14.16044" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16044">-14.16044</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="86603D75E1DA4911563DE59E5210DC7D" degrees="49.95216" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95216">49.95216</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 550 m; 1 May 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg. CASENT0212471 (CASC). •7w.; Makirovana Forest;
<geoCoordinate id="6AAF630D90510783B0BD4B498DA81AA9" degrees="14.17066" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.17066">-14.17066</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="92BCE1C428948645A93B12EED1F0F413" degrees="49.95409" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95409">49.95409</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 415 m; 29 Apr 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg. CASENT0212806, CASENT0231274, CASENT0236088, CASENT0236098 (CASC). •6w., 2s., 1q.; Makirovana Forest;
<geoCoordinate id="FC26F1BBE5887C12FD9C9C884F117C39" degrees="14.16506" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16506">-14.16506</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BE9B7E6BD260ECB2E96101A3D7DD3B2C" degrees="49.9477" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.9477">49.9477</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 900 m; 30 Apr 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0231001, CASENT0231002, CASENT0231012, CASENT0231014, CASENT0231043 (CASC). •4w., 2s., 2q.; Makirovana Forest; -14.16666, 49.95, alt. 715 m; 2 May 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0231097, CASENT0231098, CASENT0231113, CASENT0231167 (CASC). •2w., 2s.; Masoala National Park;
<geoCoordinate id="D5E5FA3FD7389C70DE9D4C332831452E" degrees="15.33058" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.33058">-15.33058</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C74DC1BA0E4556EA20864CB78E7855AE" degrees="50.30279" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.30279">50.30279</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 250 m; 13 Mar 2014; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0374505, CASENT0377081 (CASC). •21w., 11s., 1q.; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35°NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327°NNW Manantenina; -14.435, 49.76; alt. 775 m; 15 Nov 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0045333, CASENT0045341, CASENT0045357, CASENT0045368, CASENT0045372, CASENT0048887, CASENT0048895, CASENT0235122, CASENT0487704, CASENT0487706, CASENT0487825, CASENT0487903, CASENT0494780, CASENT0494781, CASENT0077076, CASENT0077079, CASENT0077119, CASENT0077122 (CASC). -
<emphasis id="0F3E8FB95FA075E5CE1EDE2B0C181CA1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
: •4w.;
<normalizedToken id="AFDAA74B1FCEEDFF71FE1995A85CC79C" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="676C757F83DCFECF066FA2931AD9DF65" originalValue="d’Ambalagoavy">d'Ambalagoavy</normalizedToken>
Nord, Ikongo, Ambatombe;
<geoCoordinate id="B1E35B66F8595389F648C56DDB686172" degrees="21.857068" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.857067">-21.857068</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F97E9CEA61FA4F08911DCF9B1924F511" degrees="47.37849" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.37849">47.37849</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 625 m; 1 Dec 2000;
<normalizedToken id="2F09B21C485B9F06A1B7814519F28E4B" originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
&amp; Irwin leg.; CASENT0009561, CASENT0009562, CASENT0009566, CASENT0009571 (CASC). -
<emphasis id="B5B4D3B84ED8BECE17CE2479844C15B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
: •10w., 8s., 3q.; Montagne
<normalizedToken id="0E78BE767E0041208BAA3FB4A73F265B" originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
, 18.0 km 21°NNE Ambinanitelo;
<geoCoordinate id="248CA0FB0C5DA6DB6CC1373AB15C7E19" degrees="15.18833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.18833">-15.18833</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B4F8850577F2E052E5D7089258154E6D" degrees="49.615" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.615">49.615</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 470 m; 8 Mar 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0495134, CASENT0495141, CASENT0495145, CASENT0495193, CASENT0495220, CASENT0495221, CASENT0495222, CASENT0495393, CASENT0495395, CASENT0495396 (CASC). •4w., 3s.; Reserve Betampona, Camp Vohitsivalana, 37.1 km 338° Toamasina;
<geoCoordinate id="BCC718CA80568ACDFDCBB2874738C2C4" degrees="17.88667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.88667">-17.88667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AF2F0547D3D95970C846EFAE15067660" degrees="49.2025" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.2025">49.2025</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 520 m; 2 Dec 2005; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0067653, CASENT0067655, CASENT0067915, CASENT0069180 (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="15E08BDD28CC04E982813BF66C4FD99C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="16CAE0073DEDC5A2532A12600BEA20AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B91BA4755968E7D0FFCF7E58CDDC2AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="74ECF46F61B07358684A23523D7F3A67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D7A6A829A397EC160A47525F2AD5BA39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Large species: HL: 2.94-3.2 (3.0), HW: 2.68-3.1 (2.8), WL: 2.01-2.24 (2.11); propodeal spines very long (PSL: 0.81-0.96 (0.89)); head in full-face view trapezoid, widened posteriorly; sides of the head without pilosity; frons with fine, dense, longitudinal rugae reaching at most midlength of head; first gastral tergite shagreened, at least on its basal half; body dark brown to black.
<emphasis id="84AEDD967FE352556809449363399307" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7F0906D79603E083A6B34E6DBA920123" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Large species: HL: 1.15-1.29 (1.2), HW: 1.04-1.14 (1.1), WL: 1.86-2.01 (1.92); propodeal spines very long (PSL: 0.91-1.0 (0.97)); scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by more than half its length; mesosoma finely rugoreticulate; promesonotal groove absent or very indistinct; metanotal groove shallow and wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD6326EF0AD18FAF20D81FD18F7BDA25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD6125B2F77BA6E45131700EF6BD201E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CEFD9DA1F86DABFAAF2280F920FCEFBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="968563DCEA17AB2702C451F5C481983C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis id="C406259CFBB277B1FA5CEAEAD36EED3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 10): HL: 2.94-3.2 (3.0); HW: 2.68-3.1 (2.8); SL: 1.36-1.45 (1.39); EL: 0.24-0.3 (0.27); WL: 2.01-2.24 (2.11); PSL: 0.81-0.96 (0.89); MTL: 1.53-1.7 (1.6); PNW: 0.84-1.0 (0.92); PTW: 0.28-0.32 (0.3); PPW: 0.76-0.9 (0.82); CI: 90.1-96.6 (93.4); SI: 47.4-51.0 (49.3); PSLI: 27.4-31.7 (29.5); PPI: 33.1-38.4 (36.5); PNI: 30.1-35.9 (32.6); MTI: 54.9-59.9 (56.5).
<emphasis id="A73EB9DE62659D9C57785E74CCE30BD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D760311A2171392FDE2201DC85C5DD73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In full-face view trapezoid, widened posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BE44404A8E3FCE9B4CDAE09E5C3D9CA0" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B</figureCitation>
). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head without pilosity; frons and vertex with few, long, erect setae. Antennal scrobes absent. Occipital lobes shiny and smooth or partially shagreened; genae smooth and shiny, sometimes partially shagreened; centre of frons shiny with fine, dense, longitudinal rugae reaching at most midlength of head; malar area shagreened with several short, longitudinal rugae; lateral sides of head and posterior part of frons shagreened; head sculpture weakens posteriorly. Centre of clypeus smooth and shiny, lateral sides with longitudinal rugae; median notch present, shallow and wide; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, reaching midlength of head; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B6C95F9371798940084DA08167258049" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B, D</figureCitation>
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, triangular and thick, with rounded apex, closely spaced; outer hypostomal teeth distinct, slightly smaller and thinner than inner hypostomal teeth, lobe-like (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E687D84AE88BFF3BD1F4E2A058E27C66" captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">85S</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="2B1E0930752DB348D516ACD17B79B750" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6BB15B25FAE1142491D48E4B61DCECB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum low, short, and relatively flat; dorsal pronotum slightly convex; dorsal mesonotum slightly concave; posterior mesonotum relatively convex; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spines very long, massive basally, with acute apex; humeral area laterally weakly or not produced (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5F68BBA2C477A5F5B23B018FA8A5782D" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D</figureCitation>
). Surface shiny, rugoreticulate, propodeal dorsum with weaker sculpture. Pilosity very sparse, short, and decumbent; dorsum with few additional, long, erect setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="61FAF5BA0E0E576AA18A04D066D82B15" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="3FAAED7BFA1EC18FD2200182BD5E61CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FA3194EA4A81368DFABAE2B44A3406A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Weakly shagreened; peduncle relatively long and thin; node triangular with rounded apex, in rear view node dorsoventrally depressed; pilosity sparse, short, and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation id="68756CF1B08A10D83803A96222AD516E" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="3B1887FD099CA979EBA0E4F55E281BD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="603B4F1F67DDB97B662435792910948D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Weakly shagreened; in dorsal view sides with acute, moderately wide, short, and triangular projections; pilosity short to long, sparse and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F8F7BDF658E2AFA8E5AB6466CE22F3A1" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="136D64AF767FB11B36FFAFF2223D948C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="247942DCF0149057538C9C3E45398300" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
First gastral tergite shagreened, at least on its basal half; pilosity sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CC5878FF650303E9AA7FFCE9B88E1943" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="C9D2E1F61B27CAC45FD3F0D662CAC7CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="1FC7E0B8567639D7B03A392235117F5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Unicolourous, dark brown to black (Fig.
<figureCitation id="591C12005927E391D50BABA4CE3A7FD6" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1106904CB0F67C28805CE164FAD73770" doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
<paragraph id="876D1CDD5E0DA75937B5807AA5367F7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A3099744E33FB6C00FA0710D11286362" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="595CBD8D753A77255D25000F33C7C592" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
<emphasis id="A4BB4FDEFCF86146BFAF7774ECE42C2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., full-face view (
<emphasis id="FD1AB9A2CAC0DD2553534FD7753E8106" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis id="8012761A0B7167BC19BDA294A9677660" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
), and dorsal view (
<emphasis id="35A0F98E20202F918BCF3943FA0CEC95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
) of paratype minor worker (CASENT0494945) and full-face view (
<emphasis id="BA083774CF5D8666792FAB60126EE8B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis id="2C5EA016F87174677D8B865C4359901D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
), and dorsal view (
<emphasis id="92149DF1621F87DE55A7F2C7E9A0BC3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
) of holotype major worker (CASENT0494942).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0423C78BC586C045577F4256838A1F3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EDB5063EBE46242FC05C03B54E73C6A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis id="0C5AD58E8B5546C6381810846C1A928E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 10): HL: 1.15-1.29 (1.2); HW: 1.04-1.14 (1.1); SL: 1.52-1.69 (1.62); EL: 0.17-0.2 (0.19); WL: 1.86-2.01 (1.92); PSL: 0.91-1.0 (0.97); MTL: 1.42-1.54 (1.49); PNW: 0.75-0.81 (0.77); PTW: 0.15-0.2 (0.17); PPW: 0.27-0.35 (0.32); CI: 87.5-92.7 (89.7); SI: 140.8-156.6 (147.6); PSLI: 75.8-84.0 (78.5); PPI: 45.6-60.8 (53.1); PNI: 67.6-72.1 (70.1); MTI: 126.2-143.4 (134.8).
<emphasis id="1214CA0BD61F1ED4DCFF89003D65E8CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C1D8C1D207CF169167FFD820D69F84D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Occipital margin convex; occipital carina narrow, weakly developed (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1F4E7C280EF028B47D1CAA332F6CC6BD" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A</figureCitation>
). Pilosity sparse, short, and appressed on the whole surface and additionally long and erect on frons and median part of occiput. Sculpture variable, shiny, smooth to finely rugulose on vertex, centre, and posterior part of frons and genae; lateral sides of head finely rugulose; antennal sockets with sparse carinae curved outward. Clypeus with median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae present. Scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by more than half of its length; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D2E3D8D4D9B2347A0859374BF6F54C6B" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A, C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="3383AB1933926FA99B8361FDC315F1D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7F85DF8B272C02B91D97F23EA7838DE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum low, long, and slightly convex; promesonotal groove absent or very indistinct; metanotal groove shallow and wide; propodeal spines very long, massive basally, with acute apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AEA9AF1C7F6B68A7C0B3A367203DE343" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C</figureCitation>
). Surface finely rugoreticulate. Pilosity short, very sparse, suberect (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EF22BD0B856E21311FBFD3B2A0B24555" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="502248A9A2CEA167994862AC07786316" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="544E0F15221D33D3793CB377AC808295" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Peduncle long and thin; node triangular with rounded apex; pilosity absent (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2716145BE1C4A6B54771D6D3BE163936" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="F7E84EA36FAB3C0A9D39984827325617" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="8E951956AE344C4D386788F447C9452D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Moderately short, low, and slightly convex; with two long, erect setae at the anterior edge (Fig.
<figureCitation id="84826967D59172459E7929C65E38AAF1" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="AE73F7225E6DE34286E606369EF859C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2AFCF539256ECC8F6FB0E7B69E2A0B43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
With few long, erect setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="39F477EEE11A2C0D33B3497EDCB07969" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="79746281D60B9F3D366ADB6400E88BF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="65378C5A8F96111DBD1531D78136508E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Unicolourous, dark brown to black (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FD6FD28A454004AF596FB8474CEA5CC5" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A5FF59E7FA87705DE699A844E470AA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0A4A76D581C3F92933A9A0D276A5B9A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="378C233EF599AF3E80A4E9D163F4DF1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Latin for huge, in reference to large body size and very long propodeal spines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CEF9E565DD157B8949A047595203A82" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9E8C091AD7BE5A7824E52B949120F324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95CDD5ADCBC7253477424BE15AA3BE34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 250-900 m in elevation, in rainforest and montane rainforest. Nests were located in rotten logs and tree stumps.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F5CF3064455C781520D0C5C08AC6D2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="4217BF4DC596D64F98A0486F62956DF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="665E9AC9AAD31BC6CE504A5FEC3FD767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="D76405930991D25CADD471135DB22DFA" lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="6D408899401E7DBFD6A49BC2E5739606" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FF4ABF152C61FF9E1FB7014651AFFAB4" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
<emphasis id="102C97D9C0E925DA0291FE091A4940E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="B937ABC27C8761C0CF169CBABD39E7FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B0A782B9C5866423D6DEBD3C902C61C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2DF9ADEEC62D78413579F693849CF192" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
<emphasis id="8A421B54D9B94DA969E10F065F037663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4478B0170DB3EC307DB7CF6DE299A2DC" lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="8FEEFE936DAB171D3C0C303281384ECC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by shagreened surface of head and first gastral tergite, and darker body colouration; from
<taxonomicName id="7778FBA4AD5DABA8A024940B39320A0D" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
<emphasis id="C1748E7846F988C3C82E07AE98E841DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by absence of metanotal groove, absence of very sparse, short, decumbent pilosity at the sides of head, and shagreened first gastral tergite and head.
<emphasis id="91BFAE84931206D85FCB4044F1784C1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="53D5FA9B43BE5E88205EE377945BB50E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31A41B8D0C8D361F2E0078C35C0EADD9" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
<emphasis id="262287724E47F3383BA4D58219337B94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="A02C0A3F2C19700F5E49503D277781B1" lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="51951C29AF19C192D4B298980303E5FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by rugoreticulate mesosoma sculpture; from
<taxonomicName id="6D0B8BE78D20DF7D3F9305E7AAF79687" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
<emphasis id="E82D9ECE875BC63266630192927E560B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by rugoreticulate mesosoma sculpture, and shallow and wide metanotal groove.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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