232 lines
28 KiB
XML
232 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="816E7FB74ED35C23E5697FC6C47F9D3C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFB7EF106A8AF91CFCA8FB50" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides cavaticus Wirth and Jones" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="FAF8091C935D34248DCE8B0499FCA666" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="543880D28EB4539AFD63661FF79A7BCA">
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<mods:title id="E2613C7A17EC6CA766FF7BDCA94D8A3C">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="24C2A5FA617D046FD769D3E8019B8628" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="853C2F225AE680E0808467C37AAED66E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="00D8836A33E22F0E3523473BEC98D957">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B81C8E11E179710E4B23EE74AC35F742">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="14CE9C397D7C75796BBCB4BC225E9DBF">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="692E7BE71948360D34182893EF560D30">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="32618A52DB7963F1F7B11739E4462355">
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<mods:title id="349E37293FC476DD4243D073A641430E">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="05B42CD21089D8070C484E16DE6934A7">
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<mods:date id="0E0F599DC8EC9FFB6B7C36421E9FFAC3">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C4A6A1D02DE0375206AAA522DAC214D1" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="EDAC197F23A8BF67512E6C160567784C">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D3CA8F07862B427C18D4FEE9316691C6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="301A72548721A5E8DC7E82DA9A690912">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FB7CCE45A57F44390C227062CAF4630E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="71E29AC5A9AA287F051C9DFA328DA2E4">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="27C1C036456C33D2A65E59FFD82FFB34">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2699233C4F4BDE951A424D3DFDFF187E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3587F0259F5BF93FD13F1E390E930040" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C0571DDF9111FE4DB564F91ED6B52E6" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8C0B9F74AE930DF3FF78C01338EE27C0" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B89A7CADD7E10E8BAE86763CD986F90C" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFB7EF106A8AF91CFCA8FB50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFB7EF106A8AF91CFCA8FB50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFB7EF106A8AF91CFCA8FB50" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB7EF176A8AF91CFD56F91F" box="[192,666,1759,1788]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB7EF176A8AF91CFD56F91F" blockId="107.[192,666,1759,1823]" box="[192,666,1759,1788]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFB7EF176A8AF91CFD56F91F" box="[192,666,1759,1788]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB7EF176A8AF91CFD56F91F" ID-CoL="32CBZ" authority="Wirth and Jones" authorityName="Wirth and Jones" box="[192,666,1759,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB7EF176A8AF91CFD56F91F" bold="true" box="[192,666,1759,1788]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB7EF176A8AF91CFE0CF91F" bold="true" box="[192,448,1759,1788]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">Culicoides cavaticus</emphasis>
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Wirth and Jones
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB7EF176A8AF8C7FDD8F8FB" box="[192,532,1796,1823]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB7EF176A8AF8C7FDD8F8FB" blockId="107.[192,666,1759,1823]" box="[192,532,1796,1823]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFB7EF176A82F8C7FEF1F8FA" box="[200,317,1796,1822]" captionStart="Figures 81–87" captionStartId="178.[192,279,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[221,1407,213,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-102@178.[192,1440,213,1745]" captionTargetPageId="178" captionText="Figures 81–87. Male genitalia of Culicoides Piliferus group, ventral view. 81) C. cavaticus, focused on aedeagus. 82) C. cavaticus, focused on aedeagus arm base (Aab), basal head of paramere (Ph), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva) (paratype, Sacramento County, CA [FSCA]). 83) C. cavaticus (Grand County, UT). 84) C. doeringae, focused on aedeagus. 85) C. doeringae, focused on basal head of paramere (Ph), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva). 86, 87) C. Piliferus group species A variations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391732/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">Fig. 81–83</figureCitation>
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, 136, 137, 228, 263)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB7EF106AAAF8EDFC26FEC9" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB7EF176AAAF8EDFA8CF862" blockId="107.[224,1440,1838,1926]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFB7EF176AAAF8EDFA8CF862" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB7EF176AAAF8EDFD0EF8A2" author="Wirth WW & Jones RH" box="[224,706,1838,1862]" page="166" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" year="1956">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB7EF176AAAF8EDFD0EF8A2" ID-CoL="32CBZ" authority="Wirth and Jones, 1956: 166" authorityName="Wirth and Jones" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1956" box="[224,706,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB7EF176AAAF8EDFE60F8A2" box="[224,428,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">Culicoides cavaticus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB7EF176BFAF8EDFD0EF8A2" author="Wirth WW & Jones RH" box="[432,706,1838,1862]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" pagination="161 - 168" refId="ref143388" refString="Wirth WW, Jones RH. 1956. Three new North American species of tree-hole Culicoides (Diptera, Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 58: 161 - 168." type="journal article" year="1956">Wirth and Jones, 1956: 166</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(key; female, male; fig. female wing, mesonotum, palpus, spermathecae, male genitalia;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB7EF176BEBF88DFDC2F882" box="[417,526,1870,1894]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="107" pageNumber="106">California</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB7EF17686AF88DFD37F882" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[544,763,1870,1894]" page="22" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB7EF17686AF88DFD37F882" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[544,763,1870,1894]" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB7EF176EFEF88DFE92F862" author="Murphree CS & Mullen GR" page="338" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB7EF176EFEF88DFE92F862" author="Murphree CS & Mullen GR" pageId="107" pageNumber="106" pagination="269 - 399" refId="ref137005" refString="Murphree CS, Mullen GR. 1991. Comparative larval morphology of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in North America with a key to species. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 16: 269 - 399." type="journal article" year="1991">Murphree and Mullen 1991: 338</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key; larva; numerical characters; fig. head, epipharynx, hypostoma, mandible, caudal segment).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB0EF106AAAFF15FC26FEC9" blockId="108.[224,1440,213,301]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106AAAFF15FDE5FF0A" ID-CoL="32DGH" authority="(Coquillett)" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[224,553,214,238]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106AAAFF15FE69FF0A" box="[224,421,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Culicoides unicolor</emphasis>
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(Coquillett)
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</taxonomicName>
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, misidentified:
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB0EF106886FF15FC48FF09" author="Wirth WW" box="[716,900,213,238]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" pagination="95 - 266" refId="ref142682" refString="Wirth WW. 1952 a. The Heleidae of California. University of California Publications in Entomology 9: 95 - 266." type="journal article" year="1952">Wirth 1952a: 185</bibRefCitation>
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, 253 (in part as “well-marked treehole phase”; key; female; male genitalia; pupa; larva; fig. female wing, palpus, male genitalia, pupal respiratory horn, caudal segment, larval head, caudal segment; larval habitat).
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB0EF10688FFED6FC9CFEC9" author="Fox I." box="[709,848,277,301]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" pagination="214 - 285" refId="ref130377" refString="Fox I. 1955. A catalogue of the bloodsucking midges of the Americas (Culicoides, Leptoconops and Lasiohelea) with keys to the subgenera and Nearctic species, a geographic index, and bibliography. Journal of Agriculture of University of Puerto Rico 39: 214 - 285." type="journal article" year="1955">Fox 1955: 258</bibRefCitation>
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(in part; keys).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB0EF106A8AFEFDFDEBFD33" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB0EF106A8AFEFDFDEBFD33" blockId="108.[192,1441,318,727]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106A8AFEFDFEF1FEBC" bold="true" box="[192,317,318,344]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB0EF106B01FEFDFE74FEBC" box="[331,440,318,344]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB0EF106B89FEFDFE12FEBD" box="[451,478,318,345]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="108" pageNumber="107">15</tableCitation>
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) Wing pattern distinct; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB0EF1068B1FE8EFCCFFEBF" attach="left" box="[763,771,333,347]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">2</subScript>
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dark; isolated pale spots straddling midportions of M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB0EF106F2CFE8EFAA2FEBF" attach="left" box="[1382,1390,333,347]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">1</subScript>
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and M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB0EF106A93FEACFF2DFE99" attach="left" box="[217,225,367,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">2</subScript>
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; distal pale spots in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB0EF106B9FFEACFE11FE99" attach="left" box="[469,477,367,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">3</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB0EF106848FEACFDC6FE99" attach="right" box="[514,522,367,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">1</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB0EF106864FEACFDFAFE99" attach="left" box="[558,566,367,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">2</subScript>
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; distinct to barely visible pale band or patch along posteromedian margin of anal cell; flagellomeres 9–10 normal, each larger than 8; SCo pattern 1–13; palpus with broad shallow sensory pit almost as wide as segment; labrum without apical median projection; scutellum with 28–30 setae on female; fore and hind tarsomeres without apical spines; spermathecae unequal by ~1.1, sclerotized necks absent; sclerotized ring on spermathecal duct; male tergite 9 posterior margin concave, with distinct apicolateral processes extending beyond medial portion; sternite 9 caudomedian excavation moderate, about evenly curved; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite broad with two short widely divergent processes, stoutly footlike; aedeagus Y-shaped, basal arms with basal ends sharply bent laterally, arms without submedian fingerlike lobes, arms posteromedially connected only by unsclerotized or barely sclerotized membrane, median process simple, aedeagal ratio ~0.7; parameres separate with basal heads clublike, with fringe of spines on apical third, without submedian lobe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB0EF106A8AFD24FCA8FB50" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB0EF106A8AFD24FBC0FCAC" blockId="108.[191,1440,743,840]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106A8AFD24FE90FCE5" bold="true" box="[192,348,743,769]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB0EF106B2BFD2BFE75FCE6" box="[353,441,744,770]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB0EF106B88FD2BFDF5FCE6" box="[450,569,744,770]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB0EF106809FD2BFDB0FCE6" box="[579,636,744,770]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Utah</collectingRegion>
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(Grand County,
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF10697DFD2BFC39FCE6" bold="true" box="[823,1013,744,770]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">new state record</emphasis>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB0EF106E40FD2BFBA6FCE6" box="[1034,1130,744,770]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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. A male was collected using a CDC incandescent light trap on
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<date id="14468985FFB0EF106871FCC9FD7AFCC1" box="[571,694,778,805]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" value="2001-07-05">5 July 2001</date>
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at
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<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFB0EF10689FFCC9FC94FCC1" box="[725,856,778,805]" degrees="38.54491" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" precision="1" value="38.54491">38.54491°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFB0EF106914FCC9FC3FFCC1" box="[862,1011,778,805]" degrees="109.51000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" precision="1" value="-109.51">109.51000°W</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFB0EF106E60FCC8FBB5FCC1" box="[1066,1145,779,805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.331" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="1331.0">1331 m</quantity>
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elevation, a riparian habitat with abundant cottonwoods (
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF10687BFCEEFD34FCA3" box="[561,760,813,839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fremontii">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF10687BFCEEFD34FCA3" box="[561,760,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Populus fremontii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and oaks (
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106936FCEDFC33FCAC" box="[892,1023,814,840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106936FCEDFC15FCAC" box="[892,985,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Quercus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB0EF106A8AFC9BFD75FBA7" blockId="108.[191,1440,856,1092]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106A8AFC9BFEB9FC96" bold="true" box="[192,373,856,882]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Larval ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106B34FC9BFDADFC96" box="[382,609,856,882]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106B34FC9BFDADFC96" box="[382,609,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Culicoides cavaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected and reared from treeholes in black walnut, walnut, sycamore, and cottonwood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB0EF106BB7FCB8FD38FC72" author="Wirth WW & Jones RH" box="[509,756,891,918]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" pagination="161 - 168" refId="ref143388" refString="Wirth WW, Jones RH. 1956. Three new North American species of tree-hole Culicoides (Diptera, Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 58: 161 - 168." type="journal article" year="1956">Wirth and Jones 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and collected from emergence traps over treeholes in Pacific madrone (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106B72FC5DFD9FFC5C" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[312,595,926,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arbutus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106B72FC5DFDC9FC5C" box="[312,517,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Arbutus menziesii</emphasis>
|
||
Pursh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF10682BFC5DFD03FC5D" box="[609,719,926,953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and oaks (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106916FC5DFC0AFC5C" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[860,966,926,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106998FC5DFB59FC5C" box="[978,1173,926,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kelloggii">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106998FC5DFB59FC5C" box="[978,1173,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Quercus kelloggii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106EEEFC5DFA89FC5C" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[1188,1349,926,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106EEEFC5DFB7BFC5C" box="[1188,1207,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106E8DFC5DFAC1FC5C" box="[1223,1293,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">lobata</emphasis>
|
||
Nee
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106FCCFC5DFEE5FC3F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wislizenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106FCCFC5DFA55FC5C" box="[1414,1433,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106A8AFC02FEE5FC3F" box="[192,297,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">wislizenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with strong emergence peaks in April and July in Northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB0EF10699FFC02FB85FC3F" box="[981,1097,961,987]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB0EF106E1CFC02FA9CFC3F" author="Woodward DL & Colwell AE & Anderson NL" box="[1110,1360,961,987]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" pagination="221 - 234" refId="ref143762" refString="Woodward DL, Colwell AE, Anderson NL. 1988. The aquatic insect communities of tree holes in Northern California oak woodlands. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 13: 221 - 234." type="journal article" year="1988">Woodward et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Clark and Fukuda (1967) collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106847FC27FD5FFC19" box="[525,659,996,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106847FC27FDD2FC1A" box="[525,542,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106866FC27FD5FFC19" box="[556,659,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">cavaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106951FC20FB72FC1A" authority="(Ludlow)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[795,1214,995,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106951FC20FC07FC19" box="[795,971,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Aedes sierrensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ludlow) (Culicidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae from an oak treehole and observed some of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106808FBC4FD04FBC4" box="[578,712,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106808FBC4FD98FBC5" box="[578,596,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF10682BFBC4FD04FBC4" box="[609,712,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">cavaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
killing and feeding on the mosquitos, indicating a predatory role on macroinvertebrates in its treehole habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB0EF106A8AFB97FCA8FB50" blockId="108.[192,1440,1108,1204]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106A8AFB97FEBAFB8A" bold="true" box="[192,374,1108,1134]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB0EF106B31FB97FDB3FB8A" author="Weinmann CJ & Murphy K & Anderson JR & DeMartini JC & Longhurst WM & Connolly G." box="[379,639,1108,1135]" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" pagination="1871 - 1877" refId="ref142170" refString="Weinmann CJ, Murphy K, Anderson JR, DeMartini JC, Longhurst WM, Connolly G. 1979. Seasonal prevalence, pathology, and transmission of the quail heartworm, Splendidofilaria californiensis (Wehr and Herman, 1956), in Northern California (Nematoda: Filarioidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology 57: 1871 - 1877." type="journal article" year="1979">Weinmann et al. (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected blood-engorged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF1069ECFB97FBE0FB8A" box="[934,1068,1108,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF1069ECFB97FC74FB8A" box="[934,952,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF10698FFB96FBE0FB8A" box="[965,1068,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">cavaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB0EF106E24FB97FB2EFB8A" box="[1134,1250,1108,1134]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
quail (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106F65FB97FEF9FB75" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Aves" family="Odontophoridae" genus="Callipepla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106F65FB97FEF9FB75" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Callipepla californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)-baited traps; however, they found no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF1068B8FBB4FCBBFB75" box="[754,887,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF1068B8FBB4FCCFFB75" box="[754,771,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF10695AFBBBFCBBFB75" box="[784,887,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">cavaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infected with quail heartworm (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB0EF106EA7FBB4FE9EFB50" class="Chromadorea" family="Onchocercidae" genus="Splendidofilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="108" pageNumber="107" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB0EF106EA7FBB4FE9EFB50" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="107">Splendidofilaria californiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or other evidence it can transmit the parasite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |