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<mods:title id="8D2DEE5862CD7EB7C91AFCCD3880E80E">Epistomius, a new genus of African forest litter Trachyphloeini, with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF3393A0A8C6574AE15F6BB74AA99078">Borovec, Roman</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6AD42DAFEFA75503B6347D9744588AE5">) &amp;) Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Kamýcká 1176, CZ- 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic; e-mail: romanborovec @ mybox. cz</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="05D17C79C7F575762A5EDF3B90D1C6DC">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="40943C49DC0107AADE77EF45F9FF1317">) &amp;) Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ- 16106 Praha 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: jirislavskuhrovec @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1BFFF1FDCD634FFD1FFECC" blockId="4.[524,754,272,296]" box="[524,754,272,296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">
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<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD1BFFF1FDCD634FFD6AFECC" ID-CoL="8KDZ4" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[524,647,272,296]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1BFFF1FDCD634FFD6AFECC" bold="true" box="[524,647,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Epistomius</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="739D6544AD1BFFF1FEE96370FC38FEA6" box="[296,981,303,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" type="description">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1BFFF1FEE96370FC38FEA6" blockId="4.[296,981,303,322]" box="[296,981,303,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FEEF6370FE63FEA6" box="[302,398,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,182,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-333@6.[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.A – rostrum without scales, dorsal view, B – abdominal ventrites; C – female sternite 8 and gonocoxites, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318671/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FE566370FE28FEA6" box="[407,453,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,144,1420,1439]" captionTargetBox="[111,1088,219,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-12@7.[111,1088,219,1387]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Variability in elytral scales in three species.Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.(A – lateral view, B, C – variability in dorsal view); Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. (D – lateral view, E, F – variability in dorsal view); Epistomius niger sp. nov. (G – lateral view, H, I – variability in dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318673/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">2A–I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FE0F6370FDE9FEA6" box="[462,516,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[111,142,898,917]" captionTargetBox="[126,1043,222,867]" captionTargetId="figure-264@9.[114,1088,208,890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Apex of penis.A – Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov.; B – Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.; C – Epistomius janaki sp. nov.; D – Epistomius natalensis sp. nov.; E – Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov.; F – Epistomius niger sp. nov.; G – Epistomius wanati sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318677/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">3A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FDCC6370FDAEFEA6" box="[525,579,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">5A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD8A6370FD6FFEA6" box="[587,642,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">6A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD4B6370FD2DFEA6" box="[650,704,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">7A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD086370FD12FEA6" box="[713,767,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">8A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FCC96370FCD3FEA6" box="[776,830,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">9A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FC866370FC6AFEA6" box="[839,903,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">10A–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FC516370FC22FEA6" box="[912,975,303,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">11A–G</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1BFFF1FF566304FEC6FE96" bold="true" box="[151,299,347,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">
<typeStatus id="E43C886DAD1BFFF1FF566304FF22FE96" box="[151,207,347,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD1BFFF1FEF06304FDCCFE96" ID-CoL="8KG6F" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[305,545,347,370]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colonnellii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1BFFF1FEF06304FDCCFE96" box="[305,545,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Epistomius colonnellii</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD1BFFF1FDE66304FD91FE96" box="[551,636,347,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, here designated.
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<subSubSection id="739D6544AD1BFFF1FF5663D5FDDDFD65" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1BFFF1FF5663D5FDDDFD65" blockId="4.[151,1127,394,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1BFFF1FF5663D5FEE1FE45" bold="true" box="[151,268,394,417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD1BFFF1FE9463D5FE17FE45" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[341,506,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
, less than 
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in body length, dorsum sparsely covered with appressed scales and glabrous ventrally; rostrum different in both sexes, not separated from head by any sulcus; frons glabrous; epistome short but wide, prominent anteriad and laterally creating sharp teeth directed dorsally; antennae and tibiae long and slender; metatibiae with apical surface glabrous, without corbels; claws connected at base; abdominal ventrites glabrous; tegmen without parameres; sternite VIII in females with triangular plate, short and robust apodeme terminating inside plate and reaching apex of plate, tip of plate with distinct Y-shaped process, prominent anteriad.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="739D6544AD1BFFFDFF5660D5FD34FC15" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="653" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" type="description">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1BFFF0FF5660D5FEBBFD57" blockId="4.[151,1127,394,1569]" lastBlockId="5.[113,1089,220,1587]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="650" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1BFFF1FF5660D5FECFFD45" bold="true" box="[151,290,650,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Description.</emphasis>
Length 
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. Body dark brownish, antennae, extreme apical part of tibiae and tarsi paler, reddish brown, tarsi sometimes paler than antennae. Elytra sparsely covered with appressed irregularly shaped scales - subcircular, subsquared, subtriangular, or awned apicad, not covering integument, with moderately wide space between scales. Pronotum, and head with rostrum with dense subrounded scales, with fine fan-shaped striae, creating short, fine and dense fringes on almost half of circumference; scales leaving only short spaces between them. Gena and subgena densely squamose. Scape, femora and tibiae squamose; funicle and tarsi glabrous; club finely moderately densely setose with appressed and also short semiappressed setae. Scale-like setae on elytra long and conspicuous, distinctly longer on posterior declivity than on anterior disc, lance-shaped or subspatulate, creating one regular, moderately dense row on each interval. Setae on pronotum and head with rostrum slightly shorter than setae on elytral disc, on interocular space twice as long as the others. Scape, femora and tibiae with only very short and inconspicuous semiappressed setae, not prominent from outline. Colour pattern of body light brownish to greyish; raised setae paler. 
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1BFFF1FF746615FF03FB85" box="[181,238,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FF3D6615FEA3FB85" box="[252,334,1098,1121]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,182,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-333@6.[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.A – rostrum without scales, dorsal view, B – abdominal ventrites; C – female sternite 8 and gonocoxites, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318671/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Rostrum in four species more slender in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FC2F6615FB8EFB85" box="[1006,1123,1098,1121]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Figs 5B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FF566635FF35FB65" box="[151,216,1130,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">6B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FF236635FECEFB65" box="[226,291,1130,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">9B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FEEF6635FE92FB65" box="[302,383,1130,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">10A–G</figureCitation>
), in males 1.1–1.2× as wide as long, at base as wide as at apex to 1.1× wider at apex than at base, with distinctly and regularly concave sides, in place of anterior border of antennal scrobes abruptly, angle-shapedly tapered anteriad; in females 1.2–1.3× as wide as long, at base as wide as at apex to 1.1× wider at base than at apex, in basal half weakly tapered anteriad with faintly concave sides, in anterior half regularly rounded around antennal scrobes; in two species equal in both sexes, formed as females rostrum of previous species. Rostrum in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FE5E6775FE15FAA5" box="[415,504,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FDC26775FDC8FAA5" box="[515,549,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">6D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FDF16775FDBEFAA5" box="[560,595,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">7D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD9F6775FD6CFAA5" box="[606,641,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">8D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD4A6775FD43FAA5" box="[651,686,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">9D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD786775FD04FAA5" box="[697,745,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">10D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1BFFF1FD356775FCCFFAA5" box="[756,802,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">11D</figureCitation>
) weakly regularly convex, not separated from head. Epifrons widest at base, here equally wide as space between anterior margins of eyes, tapered anteriad with distinctly concave sides, flat, with slender longitudinal median stria along whole length. Epifrons when cleared of scales shiny, not separated from head by any stria or furrow, shallowly deepened, with longitudinal median stria and lateral longitudinal narrow keels, differently shaped in species. Frons glabrous and deepened, sometimes finely longitudinally striate, very short, creating narrow stripe along posterior border of epistome, without setae. Epistome distinctly developed, short but wide, asquamose, shiny, posteriorly distincly carinate and elevated, carina regularly arched, anteriorly declined to mandibles, bigger in males than in females, creating in lateral view sharp teeth directed dorsally, longer in males; in males epistome distinctly wider, in females equally wide as epifrons at midlength, in two species equal in males and females, similar to female epistome of previous species. Antennal scrobes (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDD36303FD86FE97" box="[530,619,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDB66303FD74FE97" box="[631,665,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD646303FD24FE97" box="[677,713,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">7A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD126303FD1BFE97" box="[723,758,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FCC36303FCC8FE97" box="[770,805,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">9A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FCF16303FC8DFE97" box="[816,864,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FCAD6303FC74FE97" box="[876,921,348,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">11A</figureCitation>
) in dorsal view clearly visible on anterior half of rostrum, open, pit-shaped; in lateral view short, reaching about half distance from antennal insertion to eyes, glabrous, weakly curved and moderately enlarged posteriad, with dorsal border directed to dorsal border and ventral border directed to ventral border of eyes. Head wide and convex; when cleared of scales shiny, sometimes with fovea and fine, narrow, longitudinal striae, mostly radiate. Eyes moderately large and convex, dorsally weakly prominent from outline of head; laterally subcircular, placed in dorsal third of head. Head including eyes in males 1.1–1.2× as wide and in females 1.2–1.3× as wide as rostrum at apex. Mandibles small, asquamose, trisetose. Submentum with pair of long, very fine setae. Gena densely squamose, subgena squamose in basal and lateral part, middle part glabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1AFFF0FF5160E3FBD0FC97" blockId="5.[113,1089,220,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1AFFF0FF5160E3FF18FD37" box="[144,245,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FEC560E3FEB3FD37" box="[260,350,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FEAB60E3FE61FD37" box="[362,396,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE5860E3FE51FD37" box="[409,444,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">7A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE0960E3FE07FD37" box="[456,490,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE3660E3FDF7FD37" box="[503,538,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">9A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDE760E3FDBBFD37" box="[550,598,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDA360E3FD7DFD37" box="[610,656,700,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">11A</figureCitation>
) long and slender. Scape long and slen- der, 4.9–6.1× as long as wide, 1.5–1.6× as long as funicle, faintly curved at midlength, weakly gradually enlarged in apical third, weakly slenderer than club or at most equally wide. Funicle 7-segmented, with segment I enlarged, long, slender and conical; segment II conical, distinctly shorter and narrower than segment I; segments III–VII at most 1.5× as wide as long; segments III–V weakly shorter than segments VI or VII. Segment I in club the longest one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1AFFF0FF516123FBC1FB97" blockId="5.[113,1089,220,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1AFFF0FF516123FF14FC77" box="[144,249,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Pronotum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FEC46123FEB1FC77" box="[261,348,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FEA46123FE6AFC77" box="[357,391,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE506123FE5EFC77" box="[401,435,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">7A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE7C6123FE32FC77" box="[445,479,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE286123FDE6FC77" box="[489,523,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">9A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDD56123FDA9FC77" box="[532,580,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD8F6123FD96FC77" box="[590,635,892,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">11A</figureCitation>
) in males weakly slenderer than in females, in males 1.4–1.5×, in females 1.4–1.6× as wide as long, regularly rounded, widest at midlength or just behind, more tapered anteriad than posteriad, regularly convex at disc without any furrow, stria or depressions. When cleared of scales shiny, sparsely irregularly and coarsely punctured, behind anterior margin bordered by transverse dense row of fine punctures. Pronotum laterally almost flat, behind anterior border lowered. Base straight. Anterior border in lateral view perpendicular to longitudinal axis, without ocular lobes or setae. Procoxal cavities contiguous, round, in middle of prosternum; procoxae subglobular. Scutellum not visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1AFFF0FF516623FDABFA77" blockId="5.[113,1089,220,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1AFFF0FF516623FF3EFB77" box="[144,211,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Elytra</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FF226623FED3FB77" box="[227,318,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE8D6623FE83FB77" box="[332,366,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FEBD6623FE72FB77" box="[380,415,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">7A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE6D6623FE22FB77" box="[428,463,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE1C6623FDEDFB77" box="[477,512,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">9A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDCC6623FDD0FB77" box="[525,573,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD8A6623FD95FB77" box="[587,632,1148,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">11A</figureCitation>
) oval, widest at midlength with regularly rounded sides and broadly rounded at apex, in males 1.1–1.3×, in females 1.2–1.3× as long as wide, in lateral view strongly convex, posterior declivity overhanging apex. Base straight, slightly wider than base of pronotum, elytra in short distance behind base distinctly constricted; posthumeral calli weakly developed, visible in dorso-lateral view. Elytra 10-striate, striae slender, deeply sparsely punctured, intervals when cleared of scales shiny, almost flat, equally wide and elevated; interval 1 behind base somewhat tapered anteriad. Mesocoxae semiglobular, narrowly separate, mesosternal process about as wide as quarter of diameter of mesocoxa. Metacoxae shortly transverse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD1AFFF3FF5167C3FCAFFE57" blockId="5.[113,1089,220,1587]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1127,220,1011]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="651" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD1AFFF0FF5167C3FF2FFA57" box="[144,194,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FF0E67C3FECAFA57" box="[207,295,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FEF167C3FEBEFA57" box="[304,339,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE9C67C3FE6DFA57" box="[349,384,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">7A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE4B67C3FE41FA57" box="[394,428,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE7767C3FE37FA57" box="[438,474,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">9A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE2267C3FDFEFA57" box="[483,531,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDDC67C3FDA7FA57" box="[541,586,1436,1459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">11A</figureCitation>
). Femora unarmed, medially inflated, flattened. Tibiae long and slender; protibiae (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FE2B67E3FDADFA37" box="[490,576,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">Figs 5E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD8D67E3FD86FA37" box="[588,619,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FDB667E3FD7AFA37" box="[631,663,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">7E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD6267E3FD2EFA37" box="[675,707,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">8E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD0F67E3FD03FA37" box="[718,750,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">9E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FD3B67E3FCCAFA37" box="[762,807,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">10E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD1AFFF0FCF267E3FC8DFA37" box="[819,864,1468,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="650">11A</figureCitation>
) 5.5–6.4× as long as wide at midlength, at apex obliquely subtruncate, armed with 5–6 sparse, fine and slender yellowish, almost translucent spines and one conspicuous long and slender, almost straight spine directed inwards; lateral edge weakly curved inwards with short and shallow indentation just at apex; mesal edge distinctly enlarged inwards; meso- and metatibiae laterally fringed by dense fringe of fine, long, yellowish, bristle-shaped setae and one inward curved mucro, mucro longer in mesotibiae than in metatibiae and longer in females than in males. Apical surface of meso- and metatibiae glabrous, shiny; metatibiae without corbels. Tarsi long and slender, tarsomere I shorter than tarsomeres II and III together, tarsomere II transverse, tarsomere III distinctly wider than tarsomere II and bilobed, onychium long and slender, distinctly enlarged apicad. Claws fused in short basal part, then divergent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD19FFF3FF7463E3FE6BFD57" blockId="6.[151,1127,220,1011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD19FFF3FF7463E3FE61FE37" box="[181,396,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Abdominal ventrites</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FE5863E3FE04FE37" box="[409,489,444,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,182,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-333@6.[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.A – rostrum without scales, dorsal view, B – abdominal ventrites; C – female sternite 8 and gonocoxites, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318671/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) in males equally wide and long to 1.04× wider than long, in females 1.06–1.13× as long as wide; ventrite 
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middle slightly shorter than ventrites 2–4 together, behind metacoxa equally long as ventrite 2; ventrite 
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middle slightly longer than ventrite 3 or 4; ventrite 
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males shorter, subtrapezoidal, in females longer, subtriangular. Suture between ventrites 1 and 2 straight, fine and narrow, between 2–5 weakly arched, wide and deep. All ventrites asquamose, shiny, unpunctured, with several inconspicuous, short and fine, appressed piliform setae. Metaventral process obtuse, slightly wider than transverse diameter of metacoxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD19FFF3FF7460E3FD9EFC77" blockId="6.[151,1127,220,1011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD19FFF3FF7460E3FE6EFD37" box="[181,387,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Males and females are easily distinguished by many external characters; males have rostrum more slender with distinctly wider and more conspicuous epistome (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FBF66083FF55FCF7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FF0560A3FF0BFCF7" box="[196,230,764,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">6B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FF3360A3FEFEFCF7" box="[242,275,764,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FEDE60A3FEADFCF7" box="[287,320,764,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">8B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FE8D60A3FE80FCF7" box="[332,365,764,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">9B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FEB860A3FE45FCF7" box="[377,424,764,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">10B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FE7560A3FE0CFCF7" box="[436,481,764,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">11B</figureCitation>
), rostrum at apex abruptly angularly tapered anteriad, while females have rostrum at apex regularly rounded around antennal scrobes (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FC716143FBE5FCD7" box="[944,1032,796,819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Figs 5C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FBD56143FBD8FCD7" box="[1044,1077,796,819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">6C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FB806143FB8FFCD7" box="[1089,1122,796,819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">7C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FF566163FF55FCB7" box="[151,184,828,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">8C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FF056163FF08FCB7" box="[196,229,828,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">9C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FF306163FECDFCB7" box="[241,288,828,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">10C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FEED6163FEB7FCB7" box="[300,346,828,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">11C</figureCitation>
); pronotum slenderer in males; elytra slenderer in females; females have mucro in meso- and metatibiae longer than males; females have longer abdominal ventrites and longer, subtriangular ventrite segment 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD19FFFDFF7461C3FE62FE15" blockId="6.[151,1127,220,1011]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="653" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD19FFF3FF7461C3FECBFC57" box="[181,294,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Variability</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD19FFF3FEF261C3FE49FC57" box="[307,420,924,947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,144,1420,1439]" captionTargetBox="[111,1088,219,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-12@7.[111,1088,219,1387]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Variability in elytral scales in three species.Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.(A – lateral view, B, C – variability in dorsal view); Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. (D – lateral view, E, F – variability in dorsal view); Epistomius niger sp. nov. (G – lateral view, H, I – variability in dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Figs 2A–I</figureCitation>
). In three newly described species conspicuous variability in shape of raised elytral setae was registered. Similar variability in shape of setae is known only in Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD19FFF3FED06183FE5BFC17" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[273,438,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="651" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
, where parthenogenetic species with a large region of occurrence also show different shape of raised setae, because each new population is cloned without recombinations of genes. But this variability of amphigonic species in small regions is exceptional and for the time being known only from several other undescribed South African 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFF566365FED4FEB5" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[151,313,314,337]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
(R. Borovec, unpublished data). Although different shapes of setae suggest possibility of different species, these populations with different setae are conspecific in all other characters, as shape of rostrum, ratio of setal length in comparison between setae on the disc and posterior declivity, shape of antennal segments, tarsomeres, and penis. However, to conserve typical characters for all these three species, we include only 
<specimenCount id="2D81FD46AD17FFFDFC6963E5FBEEFE35" box="[936,1027,442,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
of raised setae in the 
<typeStatus id="E43C886DAD17FFFDFED76385FEA9FE15" box="[278,324,474,497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD19FFF3FF56645CFE07F9D5" blockId="6.[151,1128,1539,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">
Fig. 1. 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD19FFF3FF12645CFE7FF9F2" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[211,402,1539,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="651" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colonnellii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD19FFF3FF12645CFE7FF9F2" box="[211,402,1539,1558]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="651">Epistomius colonnellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD19FFF3FE56645CFE37F9F2" box="[407,474,1539,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="651" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A – rostrum without scales, dorsal view, B – abdominal ventrites; C – female sternite 8 and gonocoxites, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6FF86647AD18FFF2FFB067D3FD81FA30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5318673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" startId="7.[113,144,1420,1439]" targetBox="[111,1088,219,1387]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD18FFF2FFB067D3FD81FA30" blockId="7.[113,1091,1420,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="652">
Fig. 2. Variability in elytral scales in three species. 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD18FFF2FDD867D3FD3AFA7B" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[537,727,1420,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colonnellii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD18FFF2FDD867D3FD3AFA7B" box="[537,727,1420,1439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="652">Epistomius colonnellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD18FFF2FD1A67D3FCF0FA7B" box="[731,797,1420,1439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A – lateral view, B, C – variability in dorsal view); 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD18FFF2FF3A67F8FE58FA5E" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[251,437,1447,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD18FFF2FF3A67F8FE58FA5E" box="[251,437,1447,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="652">Epistomius natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD18FFF2FE7867F8FE11FA5E" box="[441,508,1447,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(D – lateral view, E, F – variability in dorsal view); 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD18FFF2FC7367F8FBAFFA5E" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[946,1090,1447,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD18FFF2FC7367F8FBAFFA5E" box="[946,1090,1447,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="652">Epistomius niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD18FFF2FFB0679EFF59FA30" box="[113,180,1473,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="652" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(G – lateral view, H, I – variability in dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF7463A5FF04FD35" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF7463A5FEB4FDF5" box="[181,345,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Penis short, well sclerotised, temones 3.1–4.7× longer than body of penis and 1.7–3.1× longer than tegminal manubrium; endophallus with thick flagellate sclerite (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFBF96045FF57FDB5" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Figs 5G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFF046065FF05FDB5" box="[197,232,570,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">6G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFF326065FEFBFDB5" box="[243,278,570,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">7G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFEE06065FEA9FDB5" box="[289,324,570,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">8G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFE916065FE9FFDB5" box="[336,370,570,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">9G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFEBF6065FE43FDB5" box="[382,430,570,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">10G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFE786065FE04FDB5" box="[441,489,570,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">11G</figureCitation>
). Tegmen with moderately wide ring without parameres, its manubrium 1.3–2.3× as long as ring diameter. Sternite IX with spiculum gastrale anteriorly enlarged to flat, slender elongate plate, posteriorly with fused basal arms and with two very slender, regularly curved hemisternites. Shape of penis differing among the species (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFBF660C5FF30FD35" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[111,142,898,917]" captionTargetBox="[126,1043,222,867]" captionTargetId="figure-264@9.[114,1088,208,890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Apex of penis.A – Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov.; B – Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.; C – Epistomius janaki sp. nov.; D – Epistomius natalensis sp. nov.; E – Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov.; F – Epistomius niger sp. nov.; G – Epistomius wanati sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318677/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Figs 3A–G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF746085FD34FC15" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF746085FE83FD15" box="[181,366,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Gonocoxites short and wide, evenly tapered apicad, with long and slender apical styli with tuft of 3–4 fine setae (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFDEC60A5FD6DFCF5" box="[557,640,762,785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,182,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-333@6.[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.A – rostrum without scales, dorsal view, B – abdominal ventrites; C – female sternite 8 and gonocoxites, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFCE660A5FC9AFCF5" box="[807,887,762,785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,182,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-333@6.[151,1127,1060,1527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov.A – rostrum without scales, dorsal view, B – abdominal ventrites; C – female sternite 8 and gonocoxites, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) with short and robust apodeme, 2.0–2.5× as long as plate, evenly enlarged to plate, terminating just inside plate and here also robust, reaching apical part of plate; plate subtriangular, with basal and apical margin slender but developed, tip of plate distinctly more sclerotised then remaining part of plate, Y-shaped, enlarged, prominent anteriad. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFCFC6125FC7DFC75" box="[829,912,890,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[149,1127,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318683/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Figs 5F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFC5A6125FC55FC75" box="[923,952,890,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,182,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-10@14.[151,1129,219,1487]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318685/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">6F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFC036125FC32FC75" box="[962,991,890,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[115,146,1514,1533]" captionTargetBox="[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[113,1089,217,1498]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Epistomius janaki sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318689/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">7F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFC2B6125FBEBFC75" box="[1002,1030,890,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,182,1524,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1123,217,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[155,1124,217,1506]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318691/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">8F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFBD06125FBC3FC75" box="[1041,1070,890,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,144,1511,1530]" captionTargetBox="[113,1086,219,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[113,1087,219,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318695/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">9F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFBF96125FB8FFC75" box="[1080,1122,890,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[112,143,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[117,1087,218,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-12@25.[117,1087,217,1519]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Epistomius niger sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318697/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFF5661C5FF2CFC55" box="[151,193,922,945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1547,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-10@28.[151,1128,219,1523]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Epistomius wanati sp. nov. A – habitus, dorsal view, holotype, male; B – rostrum, male, dorsal view; C – rostrum, female, dorsal view; D – rostrum, male, lateral view; E – protibia, male; F – spermatheca; G – aedeagus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G) and 0.2 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362746/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">11F</figureCitation>
) large, crescentic, with short and robust cornu and elongated corpus, irregularly tapered anteriad and posteriad, without differentiated nodulus and ramus. Gonocoxites, sternum VIII and also spermatheca not differing among the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="739D6544AD17FFFDFF5661A5FE95FBD5" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF5661A5FE95FBD5" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF5661A5FEF4FBF5" bold="true" box="[151,281,1018,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Etymology.</emphasis>
The Latin name of this new genus reflects the conspicuous large epistome. Gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="739D6544AD17FFFDFF566665FC4FFB95" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF566665FC4FFB95" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF566665FF1EFBB5" bold="true" box="[151,243,1082,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Biology.</emphasis>
All 
<typeStatus id="E43C886DAD17FFFDFEE26665FEBCFBB5" box="[291,337,1082,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">type</typeStatus>
material was collected either by sifting or in unbaited pitfall traps, all in afromontane indigenous forest or rain forest. All species are amphigonic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="739D6544AD17FFFFFF566625FBBBFABA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF566625FE6CFB55" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF566625FEC7FB75" bold="true" box="[151,298,1146,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from 
<collectingCountry id="4390765FAD17FFFDFE336625FD91FB75" box="[498,636,1146,1169]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, provinces 
<collectingRegion id="F943F82DAD17FFFDFD326625FC6FFB75" box="[755,898,1146,1169]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="F943F82DAD17FFFDFC4D6625FBDBFB75" box="[908,1078,1146,1169]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="F943F82DAD17FFFDFF5666C5FEC9FB55" box="[151,292,1178,1201]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="A3BC2A4AAD17FFFDFEF266C5FE99FB55" box="[307,372,1178,1201]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,963,982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,220,931]" captionTargetId="figure-199@10.[151,1126,215,949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution of Epistomius species in South Africa; Epistomius bulirschi sp. nov. (yellow circle); Epistomius colonnellii sp. nov. (brown circles); Epistomius janaki sp. nov. (violet circles); Epistomius natalensis sp. nov. (blue circles); Epistomius ngomiensis sp. nov. (red circles); Epistomius niger sp. nov. (green circles); and Epistomius wanati sp. nov. (orange circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318679/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF5666E5FD1AFB35" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" box="[151,759,1210,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF5666E5FEB7FB35" bold="true" box="[151,346,1210,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Species included.</emphasis>
Seven newly described species below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFDFF566685FC59F9F5" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFF566685FE71FB15" bold="true" box="[151,412,1242,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Taxonomical remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFE676685FDF3FB15" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[422,542,1242,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFE676685FDF3FB15" box="[422,542,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Epistomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD17FFFDFDE96685FD63FB15" box="[552,654,1242,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFCBA6685FBF2FB15" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[891,1055,1242,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
based on the following morphological characters: rostrum wider than its length; scrobes placed subdorsally, laterally directed towards the eyes and evanescent before them; epifrons with well defined margins along the whole length, at base as wide as the space between anterior eye margins; elytra without developed humeral calli, grown together; the entire dorsal part of body densely squamose; and metatibiae lacking corbels. The last character is in fact the only character allowing the separation of both tribes, 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFD0E67C5FC9CFA55" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[719,881,1434,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFC6467C5FBF6FA55" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1942" box="[933,1051,1434,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
, which include not only large arboricolous and floricolous genera and species, but also many small terricolous forms, for example 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFE1C6785FC76FA15" authority="Borovec &amp; Oberprieler, 2013" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2013" box="[477,923,1498,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Afrophloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD17FFFDFE1C6785FDB3FA15" box="[477,606,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">Afrophloeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F164B3EAD17FFFDFDA56785FC76FA15" author="BOROVEC R. &amp; OBERPRIELER R. G." box="[612,923,1498,1521]" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" pagination="365 - 378" refId="ref17328" refString="BOROVEC R. &amp; OBERPRIELER R. G. 2013: Afrophloeus, a new genus of African weevils of the tribe Embrithini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with description of a new species and notes on the composition of Embrithini. Zootaxa 3693: 365 - 378." type="journal article" year="2013">Borovec &amp; Oberprieler, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and also some still undescribed genera with undescribed species (Borovec, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD17FFFCFF746445FDE6FA89" blockId="8.[151,1127,218,1585]" lastBlockId="9.[113,1089,1014,1613]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="654" pageId="8" pageNumber="653">
The group of South African 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD17FFFDFE1C6445FD92F9D5" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[477,639,1562,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="653" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
includes up to now only two described genera - 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFF4061A9FE3CFBE9" authority="Voss, 1974" authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="1974" box="[129,465,1014,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pentatrachyphloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFF4061A9FEBBFBE9" box="[129,342,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Pentatrachyphloeus</emphasis>
Voss, 1974
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFDC461A9FC98FBE9" authority="Borovec &amp; Meregalli, 2013" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Meregalli" authorityYear="2013" box="[517,885,1014,1037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Namaceae" genus="Nama" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFDC461A9FDA8FBE9" box="[517,581,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Nama</emphasis>
Borovec &amp; Meregalli, 2013
</taxonomicName>
. The genus 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC3561A9FF4EFBC9" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFC3561A9FF4EFBC9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFF6D6649FEE2FBC9" box="[172,271,1046,1069]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is easily distinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFD9A6649FC6BFBC9" box="[603,902,1046,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pentatrachyphloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFD9A6649FCDDFBC9" box="[603,816,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Pentatrachyphloeus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: rostrum continuous with the head, without any transverse sulcus (vs. with slen- der transverse sulcus); protibiae slender and long, 5.5–6.4× as long as wide, with fringe of yellowish setae only at apex (vs. short and robust, 3.6–4.9× as long as wide, armed with 4–6 small, short and fine, sparse spines); frons glabrous (vs. squamose); ventrites glabrous (vs. densely squamose); epistome prominent anteriad and laterally creating sharp teeth directed dorsally (vs. small, dorsally hardly visible); elytra without posthumeral calli (vs. with posthumeral calli); and tip of plate in female sternite VIII with distinct Y-shaped process, prominent anteriad (vs. plate umbrella-shaped, apically broadly rounded). The genus 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC546749FBE1FAC9" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[917,1036,1302,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFC546749FBE1FAC9" box="[917,1036,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFBD26749FF72FAA9" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also very easily distinguishable from the genus 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFD606769FD0DFAA9" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Meregalli" authorityYear="2013" box="[673,736,1334,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Namaceae" genus="Nama" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFD606769FD0DFAA9" box="[673,736,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Nama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly thanks to claws connected at base (
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFF0B6709FEB3FA89" box="[202,350,1366,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Namaceae" genus="Nama" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFF0B6709FEE7FA89" box="[202,266,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Nama</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
has free claws).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6FF86647AD16FFFCFFAE61DDFE96FC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5318677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5318677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5318677/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" startId="9.[111,142,898,917]" targetBox="[126,1043,222,867]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD16FFFCFFAE61DDFE96FC2F" blockId="9.[111,1089,898,971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">
Fig. 3. Apex of penis.A – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFE8F61DDFE13FC71" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[334,510,898,917]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulirschi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFE8F61DDFE13FC71" box="[334,510,898,917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius bulirschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFDC261DDFDA4FC71" box="[515,585,898,917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; B – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFDB261DDFCDFFC71" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[627,818,898,917]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colonnellii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFDB261DDFCDFFC71" box="[627,818,898,917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius colonnellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFCF961DDFC90FC71" box="[824,893,898,917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; C – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC6661DDFBADFC71" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[935,1088,898,917]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janaki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFC6661DDFBADFC71" box="[935,1088,898,917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius janaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFFB161C2FF5BFC54" box="[112,182,925,944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; D – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFF2661C2FE4EFC54" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[231,419,925,944]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFF2661C2FE4EFC54" box="[231,419,925,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFE6B61C2FE1DFC54" box="[426,496,925,944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; E – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFDDF61C2FD09FC54" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[542,740,925,944]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngomiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFDDF61C2FD09FC54" box="[542,740,925,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius ngomiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFD2A61C2FCDCFC54" box="[747,817,925,944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; F – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC9F61C2FC1CFC54" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[862,1009,925,944]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFC9F61C2FC1CFC54" box="[862,1009,925,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFC3961C2FBD3FC54" box="[1016,1086,925,944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; G – 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFF5561E7FEDFFC2F" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[148,306,952,971]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFF5561E7FEDFFC2F" box="[148,306,952,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius wanati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFEF961E7FE96FC2F" box="[312,379,952,971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3B3836CFAD16FFFFFF516729FBBBFABA" blockId="9.[113,1089,1014,1613]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1128,1127,1374]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">
The status of the new genus and its comparison with the known Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC5E6729FBACFA69" baseAuthorityName="BOROVEC" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[927,1089,1398,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
genera is as follows: 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFE8C67C9FE29FA49" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[333,452,1430,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFE8C67C9FE29FA49" box="[333,452,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFE0867C9FDC7FA49" box="[457,554,1430,1453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from both 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFD2667C9FC69FA49" box="[743,900,1430,1453]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cryptodesmidae" genus="Trachyphloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFD2667C9FC69FA49" box="[743,900,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Trachyphloeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC7467C9FF29FA29" authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pentatrachyphloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFC7467C9FF29FA29" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Pentatrachyphloeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the identical set of characters, except that 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFD5A67E9FCD5FA29" box="[667,824,1462,1485]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cryptodesmidae" genus="Trachyphloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFD5A67E9FCD5FA29" box="[667,824,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Trachyphloeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the sulcus between head and rostrum, and posthumeral calli. The new genus, 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFD086789FCD2FA09" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[713,831,1494,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFD086789FCD2FA09" box="[713,831,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Epistomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD16FFFCFC856789FC4BFA09" box="[836,934,1494,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, may probably be close to genera 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFEF667A9FD87F9E9" authority="Borovec, 2009" authorityName="Borovec" authorityYear="2009" box="[311,618,1526,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pelletierellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFEF667A9FE29F9E9" box="[311,452,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Pelletierellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F164B3EAD16FFFCFE0A67A9FD87F9E9" author="BOROVEC R." box="[459,618,1526,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref17267" refString="BOROVEC R. 2009: Revision of the Palaearctic supraspecific taxa of the tribe Trachyphloeini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Klapalekiana 45: 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">Borovec, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFDB467A9FC7BF9E9" authority="Borovec, 2009" authorityName="Borovec" authorityYear="2009" box="[629,918,1526,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zarazagaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFDB467A9FD1DF9E9" box="[629,752,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Zarazagaia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F164B3EAD16FFFCFD3767A9FC7BF9E9" author="BOROVEC R." box="[758,918,1526,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref17267" refString="BOROVEC R. 2009: Revision of the Palaearctic supraspecific taxa of the tribe Trachyphloeini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Klapalekiana 45: 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">Borovec, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD16FFFCFC0C67A9FEFCF9C9" authority="Borovec, 2009" authorityName="Borovec" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stuebenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD16FFFCFC0C67A9FBACF9E9" box="[973,1089,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="654">Stuebenius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F164B3EAD16FFFCFFB06449FEFCF9C9" author="BOROVEC R." box="[113,273,1558,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref17267" refString="BOROVEC R. 2009: Revision of the Palaearctic supraspecific taxa of the tribe Trachyphloeini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Klapalekiana 45: 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">Borovec, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the identical status of the following morphological characters: absent ocular lobes, striae in lateral part of head, laterally triangular scrobes, and claws connected at base. The new genus is well distinguishable from the first two mentioned genera also by rostrum not separated by shallow transverse furrow, pronotum without depressions and furrows, ventrites glabrous, tegmen lacking parameres, sternite VIII in females with apical Y-shaped process, and smaller body size; and from 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD15FFFFFD836698FD23FB3A" authorityName="Borovec" authorityYear="2009" box="[578,718,1223,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pelletierellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="655" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD15FFFFFD836698FD23FB3A" box="[578,718,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="655">Pelletierellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also due to scrobes not visible dorsally. 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD15FFFFFF5666B8FEE3FB1A" authority="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec, 2017" authorityName="Borovec &amp; Skuhrovec" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,270,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epistomius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="655" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD15FFFFFF5666B8FEE3FB1A" box="[151,270,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="655">Epistomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12C057A6AD15FFFFFED566B8FE9BFB1A" box="[276,374,1255,1278]" pageId="10" pageNumber="655" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is easily distinguishable from the genus 
<taxonomicName id="FC874D4CAD15FFFFFCE866B8FC70FB1A" authorityName="Borovec" authorityYear="2009" box="[809,925,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stuebenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="655" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F3EADDAD15FFFFFCE866B8FC70FB1A" box="[809,925,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="655">Stuebenius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by rostrum not separated by shallow transverse furrow, slender and moderately long scape and tibiae, ventrite 2 distinctly shorter than ventrites 3 and 4 together, suture between ventrite 1 and 2 straight, sternite VIII in females with short and robust apodeme, and with apical Y-shaped process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>