324 lines
33 KiB
XML
324 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="AD9DF271A87247573E47A861FA4B351C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium seditiosum Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="systematics">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD9DF271A87247573E47A861FA4B351C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD9DF271A87247573E47A861FA4B351C" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AD9DF271-A872-4757-3E47-A861FA4B351C" authority="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell, 2013" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium seditiosum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum" status="sp. nov.">Lepidium seditiosum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="103" pageNumber="104">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A L. oleraceo rachidibus inflorescentiae et pedicellis hirsutus et a serie rDNA ETS differt. A L. panniformo floribus 4-staminatis praeterea differt</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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Bounty Islands (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Holotype of Lepidium seditiosum de Lange, Heenan et J. Rolfe." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10831" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Bounty Islands, Funnel Island, n.d.J. Amey s.n, OTA 59718!
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10831" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 93" startId="F93">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figure 93.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange, Heenan et J.Rolfe.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Notes:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the holotype collection, which was collected sometime in 2004 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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The epithet '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">seditiosum</emphasis>
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' derived from the Latin '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">seditio</emphasis>
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' (meaning: dissension, insurrection, mutiny, rebellion), alludes to the mutiny of the majority of Lieutenant William
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bligh’s">Bligh's</normalizedToken>
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crew on the 28 April 1789. In 1788, some months before the rebellion, Bligh had discovered and named the Bounty Islands taking the name from his ill-fated ship The Bounty.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F94" captionText="Figure 94. Lepidium seditiosum growing in granite crevice on summit of Tunnel Island, Bounty Islands (image: J. Amey)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10832" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs 94</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 96" captionStartId="F96" captionText="Figure 96. Close up of inflorescence of holotype of Lepidium seditiosum (OTA 59718) showing hairy rachises and pedicels, and immature silicles. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10834" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">-96</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Erect, perennial herb. Stems sparse, erect; mature stems long, 4.14-4.41 mm diam. stout, woody, rigid,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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square, prominently angled, bases much covered in leaf abscission scars, middle and upper portion leafy. Leaves fleshy, dark green, stem leaves evidently withering with age; petiole distinct, 14-22.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.9-2.6 mm, decurrent, prominently channelled, broadly winged, with a broadly sheathing base; lamina variable 32.4-45.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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21.2-26.4 mm decreasing in size toward inflorescences, broadly elliptic, elliptic to oblanceolate; apex praemorse or tridentate; margin coarsely and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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regularly dentate to deeply incised; teeth protruding beyond leaf outline; in 8-12 uneven pairs, up to 5.3 mm deep, increasing in size toward apex; base broadly attenuate tapering, extending into a broad petiole wing. Inflorescences immature but evidently racemose, rachis 1.3-1.5 mm diam., terminal and lateral, leaf-opposed, densely and mostly circumferentially covered in 0.4-0.6 mm long, white, clavate hairs; pedicels 1.6-2.2 mm long at flowering, erecto-patent, densely and mostly circumferentially covered in 0.4-0.6 mm long, white, clavate hairs. Flowers 2.3-2.6 mm diam. Sepals 4, saccate, dark green usually with a narrow white,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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undulose margin; lateral sepals broad, 0.8-1.2 mm diam., obovate to broadly obovate,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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overlapping at base, apex rounded to obtuse, abaxial surface densely hairy, hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long, eglandular or glandular, mostly clavate, some
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<pageBreakToken pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">setose</pageBreakToken>
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, median sepals 0.8-1.0 mm diam., broadly obovate, dark green, usually with a narrow white,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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undulose margin, apex rounded to obtuse, abaxial surface densely hairy, hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long, eglandular or glandular, mostly clavate, some setose. Petals white, 1.3-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0-2.3 mm, mostly recurved over stigma some spreading, claw 0.4-0.9 mm long; limb obovate, obovate-spathulate rarely orbicular, apex obtuse or slightly emarginate, margins smooth. Stamens 4, filaments 1.2-1.8 mm long, white; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long, yellow. Ovary 1.1-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1.3 mm, broadly ovate to elliptic, dark green, apex round or weakly notched; style 0.11-0.4 mm long, cylindrical below, broadly spreading at apex; stigma 0.2-0.4 mm diam. Nectaries 4, 0.2-0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1-0.15 mm, narrow-oblong, pale translucent green. Mature silicles not seen. FL Nov. FR unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10832" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 94" startId="F94">
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figure 94.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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growing in granite crevice on summit of Tunnel Island, Bounty Islands (image: J. Amey).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10833" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 95" startId="F95">
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figure 95.</emphasis>
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Inflorescence of holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(OTA 59718).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10834" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 96" startId="F96">
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figure 96.</emphasis>
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Close up of inflorescence of holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(OTA 59718) showing hairy rachises and pedicels, and immature silicles. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F76" captionText="Figure 76. Distribution of Lepidium oleraceum and Lepidium seditiosum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10814" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Endemic. Bounty Islands (Funnel Island, Molly Cap).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="recognition">
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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initially reported the presence of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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s.l. from the remote Bounty Islands. In that paper they noted that unpublished rDNA ETS data from their gathering placed the Bounty Islands plant within a southern
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade of samples collected from Banks Peninsula south to Stewart Island rather than plants from the nearby Antipodes Islands. On the basis of that information they suggested that the Bounty Islands plant was a recent arrival, probably coming from the Otago coastline of the southern South Island. Subsequently, the rDNA ETS phylogeny presented here confirms that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is related to the South Island species
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegrum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium aegrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium crassum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of ETS as calculated in RaXML, showing the Lepidium oleraceum (black text) and Lepidium sisymbrioides (red text) groups, including the newly described taxa. Bootstrap support from 1000 replicates is shown for branches where it is greater than 50. Codes for each individual in the phylogeny are shown in Table 1. The main clade branches have been truncated to accommodate the tree within the journal format. AUS = Australia, NZ = New Zealand." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10740" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). However none of these species are morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morphologically, the most
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="105" pageNumber="106" start="start">similar</pageBreakToken>
|
||
species is the Chatham Islands endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has deeply toothed (though also lacerate leaves) but whose stems and inflorescence rachis are glabrous (only very rarely furnished with sparse silky hairs), and whose rDNA ETS sequence places it as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Bounty Islands plant differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and indeed all other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex) by its distinctly clavate-hairy upper stems and inflorescence rachises.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
While our material is inadequate to furnish a full species description, the absence of mature silicles and basal leaves should not preclude formal taxonomic recognition. The Bounty Islands are perhaps the most remote outlier of the New Zealand Archipelago, and are very rarely visited (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so the alternative, of waiting for better fruiting material before describing what in our view is clearly a new species is, unacceptable. In the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="authors’">authors'</normalizedToken>
|
||
opinion, there is sufficient data available to justify this
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="plant’s">plant's</normalizedToken>
|
||
taxonomic recognition at species rank.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Prior to the remarkable discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the Bounty Islands group, these islands had always been considered devoid of any form of terrestrial vegetation beyond a few lichens and algae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). None of the 15 islands, islets and rock stacks comprising the group reach any higher than 88 m a.s.l., and virtually all available dry land is occupied by some of the densest concentrations of nesting seabirds seen anywhere in the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.l.) as growing within rock crevices near the summits of one island (Funnel Island) and an inaccessible (by boat) rock stack (Molly Cap) within the Bounty Islands group. At the time of their discovery, on Funnel Island
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="106" pageNumber="107" start="start">plants</pageBreakToken>
|
||
grew on the margins of a colony of nesting seabirds, in a site inaccessible to albatross and penguins but used by Fulmar prions
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">(Pachyptila crassirostris)</emphasis>
|
||
and possibly Cape pigeons
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">(Daption capense)</emphasis>
|
||
. They noted that where the plants grew, a 'rich friable
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="soil’">soil'</normalizedToken>
|
||
had accumulated, and that the crevice walls provided some shelter from the most extreme winds. Because of the inaccessible nature of Molly Cap, no further observations on the plant they had seen from their boat could be made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amey, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="87 - 90" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250709509705" refId="B4" refString="Amey, J, Lord, JM, de Lange, P, 2007. First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 87 - 90, 10.1080/00288250709509705" title="First record of a vascular plant from the Bounty Islands: Lepidium oleraceum (nau, Cook's scurvy grass) (Brassicaceae)." url="10.1080/00288250709509705" volume="45" year="2007">Amey et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, during a November 2004 visit to the Bounty Islands group, recorded 'at least 13' plants at two sites (Funnel Island (12 plants) and Molly Cap (1 plant). On this basis,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
qualifies as 'Threatened / Nationally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(either criterion A(1) or A(3) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as there are fewer than 250 mature plants known and the total area of occupancy is <1 ha. To this assessment we add the qualifiers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent - as the Bounty Islands are a Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site with strict controls in place to regulate landings, and prevent the spread of diseases, weeds and foreign predators),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘DP’">'DP'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Data Poor - because accurate data on the total number of individuals and trend data is not available),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘IE”">'IE"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Island Endemic), and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘OL’">'OL'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(One Location - because, following the definition in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the species is confined to the Bounty Islands group, where it grows on an island and rock stack in close proximity, and so the chances of losing the species to a single event are greater than for a species found in one island group on several widely separated islands).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |