294 lines
36 KiB
XML
294 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="167902" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991" ID-GBIF-Dataset="29f2bd9c-74c6-46ef-a061-38e7bf4fd411" ID-PMC="PMC9836594" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1124-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EECD73B488D950A7B6D7969A1D3FB087" ID-PubMed="36762357" ID-ZooBank="F9A99E99C5EC4894BCF0C49F051819F3" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1124-147" checkinTime="1666056863241" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yang, Weicheng, Yu, Hao & Lin, Yucheng" docDate="2022" docId="72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1124: 147-160" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1124" docPubDate="2022-10-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991" docTitle="Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="EECD73B488D950A7B6D7969A1D3FB087" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="EECD73B488D950A7B6D7969A1D3FB087" masterDocTitle="A review of the spider genus Chthonopes (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from China" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1732779078768" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="97672AA43A5D47237EBCFAFE0B3A1B4C">A review of the spider genus Chthonopes (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DDA86F72D082991202107D4F1397171E">Yang, Weicheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B45EFACF4EDB3C3CC47520E55A9D183">School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="56503F96352D290A2732817548BCD539">Yu, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C596B9B84305A662C1E97F6213ED3F38">School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC7525C209544C7305CFA2CB5F76F7E3" type="email">sacspider@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2B94F2D8160C1A7BDC58E72E1B004940">Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="393E6965DCF4DAA4EF34658CDC9FCA23" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-0633</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="63B5DD1610A78227575A4A9B24CC6C1C">Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7256060D72F031CB19AEFB17C768CD2" type="email">linyucheng@scu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1089A3E051DC92FDB33E607C615AFD13">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18E60741611B8D4D0B0D8782687FB348">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ACE63BF2C2F51ECBB636B15D2C4DB7CE">2022-10-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4CEB167A11E154B350A94478D48EB72C">1124</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="79F5E43848FBFF81678315ACD5F7EB94">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="69DF67D3CE1221B5A96AA8E98FBE0D5B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="524E219F06E33B1F625EC56E7EA142B5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203113434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" scope_family="Theridiosomatidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="79A3DBCFA73EFD81347640EFF727AD35" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5398C553875C452204393768C286DA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="59D499FD4B48B116BA1F3FA876077024" ID-CoL="V3J9" LSID="72F94882-091B-5FC3-9E52-E59C52DEAE46" authority="Wunderlich, 2011" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="005B0274FCD0E1546ED58073751D69AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E0582FB1F4F82E73A7205DCFF4FF7C0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation id="59F54F41DE3E4DD2DEFCCF57E8832B40" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1F333F7D9B49656CB099A8DDB0D3AD01" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="67C18A248ADA0C42F6E3C7D833788A1F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution records of five species of the genus Chthonopes: C. bifidum sp. nov. (scarlet circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Shenmi cave; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Dehong, Luxi City, Mangliu village, Xianfo cave); C. jimudeng sp. nov. (yellow circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Jimudeng village; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Maku village); C. jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 (carmine circle: 1, 2. Laos, Bolikhansay Province ,, Lak Sao, Tham Mang Kone; 3. Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai; 4. Laos, Bolikhamxay Province: Khamkeut area); C. cavernicola Wunderlich, 2011 (light blue circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Tham Boumlou, inside cave); C. thakekensis Lin, Li & Jaeger, 2014 (green circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai, Tham Phayat, limestone cave)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758052" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2588454DE6E71DC5D94DFBD31922BFF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6374BF28C0368C07645B66DAB836D0AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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||
<taxonomicName id="75E9473551A6B71AD4A8B059E5AB64D8" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">Chthonopes jaegeri</taxonomicName>
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Wunderlich, 2011: 435, fig. 18a-f (♂♀).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="099F59E94123DF579BD235908DD52977" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2FC12BAE2815009F7D539677E0E3E80F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Material examined.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E5A968E42EB8B71C823232CFE62A9FAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<materialsCitation id="EB97EB5A8BBC2CF759B96B93333B0F21" collectingDate="2012-11-25" collectorName="S. Li" country="Laos" elevation="495" latitude="17.55" location="Ban Phoungam-Mai" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" municipality="Thakek area" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Khammouan Province">
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||
<specimenCount id="E7B62811B34E3B083A865ABD5C078521" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A1E0A4439C9DE210974F5E1AEE992C90" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
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:
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||
<collectingRegion id="8719C6E9E3574DCF02DAC6B03CEA06F4" country="Laos" name="Khammouan">Khammouan Province</collectingRegion>
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:
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="9F8427E539797B136411F9E76A467B90">Thakek area</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<location id="CD86B74A6446B5B56C59E59F406ECC59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:CD86B74A6446B5B56C59E59F406ECC59" country="Laos" latitude="17.55" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" municipality="Thakek area" name="Ban Phoungam-Mai" stateProvince="Khammouan Province">
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||
Ban
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<normalizedToken id="89AC73D6C63667B09F2CC53C4B783E9D" originalValue="Phôungam-Mai">Phoungam-Mai</normalizedToken>
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</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0E75627B0A53A222E50EAE6323D3323C" degrees="17.55" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="17.55">17.55°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CDC56240C521C28A04D2B7E579309A9C" degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="64D3817D21BF9BA9496F5F4005265020" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="BD096B230DB695D77ADA08A4318CA64C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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||
<collectingDate id="5A36E56E66E153C7192281834B79000D" value="2012-11-25">25.XI.2012</collectingDate>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="70377BF1256306888D6ACBC0F480B2D9">S. Li</collectorName>
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||
leg
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="D24010F46A0C07469E3C11F8F6581881" collectingDate="2012-11-27" collectorName="Z. Yao" country="Laos" elevation="495" latitude="18.22" location="Khamkeut area" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="104.81" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">
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||
<specimenCount id="AE15E124433127DD8B383037309F5F73" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="4E4674E9379E7B00ADCDB00CFD70CA34" inferredBySuffix="true">Bolikhamxay Province</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="2F09FE52323FB898E868BFAF80605FE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:2F09FE52323FB898E868BFAF80605FE2" country="Laos" latitude="18.22" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="104.81" name="Khamkeut area" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">Khamkeut area</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C04E9A4354606378AD11F2B20D545374" degrees="18.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="18.22">18.22°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9B62BCF4D69B7A09214875CB211C7091" degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="65A4C5BD7F2BF8E7FC54AF2EC7EDE628" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="ACC2F7603C050FC532B29BB024CD526D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="1DB00B7981D3E5E78F7F4153E0627F43" value="2012-11-27">27.XI.2012</collectingDate>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="A1E1A5E9AFC6EB1BB471C376DF909453">Z. Yao</collectorName>
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||
leg
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="9D772D88CF757797DD5568C8DDBA4C24" collectingDate="2010-03-03" collectorName="H. Steiner" country="Laos" elevation="501" latitude="17.22" location="Lak Sao" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">
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||
<specimenCount id="8B47BB7010265809DE82A42D053D838E" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="6C54E7F6449D6DEA37251AACBBC60D8F" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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,
|
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<collectingRegion id="A83CC6211139124271FEF44F3FF385EF" inferredBySuffix="true">Bolikhamxay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="ACEC3EEEC0B2E09CF4D12904AD7641C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:ACEC3EEEC0B2E09CF4D12904AD7641C5" country="Laos" latitude="17.22" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" name="Lak Sao" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">Lak Sao</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D5BFFFF7AAFA45723A88499E5B23A085" degrees="17.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="17.22">17.22°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="80195A0D7D0029135A75A3F06A4F751A" degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81° E</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
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<elevation id="03B09CFED26138D58E6027F98F0002CC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="m" value="501.0">
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elevation
|
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<quantity id="E35F18E09668F92CCF7EF27DC4D8C86A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="m" value="501.0">501 m</quantity>
|
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</elevation>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingDate id="3FB78DE26D531F22C54FA2BB03B4F1F0" value="2010-03-03">3.III.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="EB7F286FA78E99FDC89E7E664EE7DF4F">H. Steiner</collectorName>
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||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6411CC034A9C9F9BA0737D44320B280A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="57A2D6C12B43BB192CAD60BF7BFC1C14" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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||
<emphasis id="51E56C70D7B9F5842213E9F80A97B68E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="B7B863B30854E45AB19F5839169A193A" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
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||
<emphasis id="BE3153535ABD09A226E8A1518EAC4664" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chthonopes jaegeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male habitus (
|
||
<emphasis id="63DF6339EF09F5D06600FA1F8F07EC04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), female habitus (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8B43B950BA540B4DFE2C52923B3DF16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
) and epigyne (
|
||
<emphasis id="F44B305DBA17A3B617D36876111D6AEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E-G</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C6BF53567A35E01E3FBB884E9745315E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="6E01C3AE814F07A653774547F75919BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="3BB8162CC206F6B1F1C505F04321E44C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="2832F4E95DD8E35A937116BC93C1A968" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="37E651B30D43098FBD81C3E3E0E45644" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
|
||
intact, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="595B0192059A89B4EF4380520F7BDA80" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
|
||
cleared, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="59933B14E5FC048B798043EBB5A642C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
|
||
cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars:
|
||
<quantity id="D2638C8426157B63B427DFA9B0A16FE4" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7D393C463EFC5C5420388A9E7F876E22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="7E1E5407D7F1742A394C38AA9FE800C6" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="053B50855AF54867649B453216EA64CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E, F, G</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65868995070C15BD993D9BBAEE2C98CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D11C2A83F6204246EA598FD54B78157" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E77EF3ACB042D157AB7B575C9FF1409" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FFDBADD563DE0706B5ACE2B6B912BF2" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B94AEF067FC66A59A4BF8899D89765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. jaegeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="803096B290A56A2194D454D47CBC9A83" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDB39893DAC1105D309BFF64EF601B1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. cavernicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wunderlich, 2011: 433, figs 8-18) in having a large and flat, laminar median apophysis which bears a tiny needle-shaped distal horn (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A9B6FAC867D67D7CD5A08940AA1DC2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. median apophysis relatively small, consisting of triangular base and biforked distal horn in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87FED763B7416EA430E7BDEAFCBEF85D" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. bifidum" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4968D2600F51486366420AD7825119C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. bifidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0C3E6C2587F1D703F6FF0C5C337914A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male palp of the holotype of Chthonopes bifidum sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum; TTr = tibial trichobothium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758048" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but differs in the combination of genitalic and somatic characters: distal apophysis of the tegulum is erect, apex relatively sharp, pointing distally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A718642ACB05446C810A36AF918FA4F7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="554AB4544A1626A296901495A4968E56" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 435, fig. 18b) (vs. curved, apex truncated, pointing proximally;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F403D40F35BAF7BC5CFE12D20E2C2A5" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 433, fig. 17); cymbium apically-ventrally with a pair of long and bristle-shaped hairs on a hump (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2C724B2CC1967E81CC3C598668C7CDDB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1EEE969D6CCF5571E1520FC7D9DD02F4" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 435, fig. 18b) (vs. cymbium bearing apically four tiny hairs which are not situated on a hump;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41DDD714FF71F1FF213DBEB2B8890458" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 433, fig. 17); both anterior and posterior eye rows with 4 eyes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C19487ADC335E80437260C8A1AC6944" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. anterior eye row with 6 eyes, posterior eye row with 2 eyes;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="039FE4D5CAF131ED8521390618A1C642" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 433, figs 8-10). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51EED4E82275DF9E183B9BDC8A92E19C" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="16FA16C884D50D0AFBC6F2928E184811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. jaegeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C424BDBFC77327524DA9681D01A919DB" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. thakekensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thakekensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCF2CFDA620F5A10D9E9EBBDC1ACE622" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. thakekensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C71D191561E09AD4FA28F8CB22C3FCAD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 98, figs 17A-E, 18A-C) by the epigynal plate with a long, rugose scape, and by the similar configurations of vulva, but they can be differentiated by the circular main spermathecae separated by about 1/3 of their diameter (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F45458F0F60F30FA16B0C4DBD9832D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. semi-circular main spermathecae separated by about 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="28465D6993E7CB86F406A4BA7794A8D9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5898676B75CAC958CD49DEF4904C5AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 98, figs 17C, E, 18C), the accessory spermathecae consisting of a tubular stalk and globular head (vs. accessory spermathecae claviform, not subdivided;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2F45C67288BB7E06BEF13B15F8A8C8C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 98, figs 17C, E, 18C), and by the strongly sclerotized fertilization ducts (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="879E9BB210B30E19064A22A143059F85" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. membranous FDs;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="232C076D62A4C1C50F30F6288D4A95E6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 98, figs 17C, E, 18C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2F24E364C434033B95D8FA39E003646B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC91549A669E2CC716813C61EE90FB88" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="10CC75D0439D4910AAE5A50E695E7261" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Male palp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1503C03A9F5CD3681BDCD5D51E23E89B" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A8BC7E08D1CC952CB7A7A77C83C216E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chthonopes jaegeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="73503BE312DFB0050EFA3D7F2E0A761A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
prolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="EDCD14B18F6F5E707CD4700CFE89C525" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
retrolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="D4C4F5E01BAE160DBF8D37BFB47226BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="D8736DF65E3C01D07199E9C217D9FF23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="37CCCF22662B4534F0EFA576A930840B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43387C65B6CF07158F27876E77925A30" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6CBA2A02C7B63CBEF181E69F1C1F9C64" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3175A0E6E02AC5E45BE83C1995ECEE62" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8F41FEDFFE20794167D54C8F0496F02" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Habitus as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EC0293558B73946D950140E535776A6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
, male palp as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B1964E0B79204912E385D3D5D3F1002" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
, epigyne as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="47DC45FB1CE8ED330502B13B687F028C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4EF44961AF6A34784A67ACDBB212173D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7E4F9DE25C790222E78DBBB287DF96D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A2F5FE1BEB01A6BEB72429E0AF2B6F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Laos (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="62C6267DE06455B54A339BA566236BDE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution records of five species of the genus Chthonopes: C. bifidum sp. nov. (scarlet circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Shenmi cave; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Dehong, Luxi City, Mangliu village, Xianfo cave); C. jimudeng sp. nov. (yellow circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Jimudeng village; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Maku village); C. jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 (carmine circle: 1, 2. Laos, Bolikhansay Province ,, Lak Sao, Tham Mang Kone; 3. Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai; 4. Laos, Bolikhamxay Province: Khamkeut area); C. cavernicola Wunderlich, 2011 (light blue circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Tham Boumlou, inside cave); C. thakekensis Lin, Li & Jaeger, 2014 (green circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai, Tham Phayat, limestone cave)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758052" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |