treatments-xml/data/03/BC/1F/03BC1F3CE523D91A0714FCE84512B606.xml

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<mods:title id="67ABBA9E78556B746F7486529111DD7F">New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from two isolated karst formations in central western Madagascar: Tsingy Beanka and Antsingimavo, with additional notes on other regional endemics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F855311007174BD3F675583538F2BAC2">Griffiths, O. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B8ED5F9366BAD9C18AA1801986F983B7">KwaZulu-Natal Museum, P. Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 South Africa and School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3206 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03BC1F3CE523D91A0714FCE84512B606" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209341514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7670248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC1F3CE523D91A0714FCE84512B606" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC1F3CE523D91A0714FCE84512B606" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D0714FCE845F2B4D6" blockId="10.[345,979,891,918]" box="[345,979,891,918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0E21946E523D91D0714FCE845F2B4D6" box="[345,979,891,918]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E523D91D0714FCE845F2B4D6" ID-CoL="59C99" authority="Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[345,979,891,918]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D0714FCE84476B4D5" box="[345,599,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Tropidophora secunda</emphasis>
Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30FFDA1E523D91D040AFC3044C4B483" box="[583,741,934,961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D040AFC3044C4B483" blockId="10.[181,1142,934,1096]" box="[583,741,934,961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE523D91D040AFC3044AFB482" box="[583,654,934,961]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,937,958]" captionTargetBox="[145,1099,209,913]" captionTargetId="figure-236@11.[143,1103,204,920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965: (A–C) Tsingy Beanka, st’n 03/06, max. diameter 21.5 mm, NMSA L7040;(D) Tsingy Beanka, st’n 03/06, subadult, max.diameter 20.0 mm, NMSA L7040;(E) Kelifely Plateau, max.diameter 18.8 mm,NMSA L6798; (F–H) holotype (faded), ‘Madagascar’, Cuming collection, max. diameter 22.0 mm, NHMUK 20110470." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670114/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE523D91D04D7FC304488B483" box="[666,681,934,960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[180,213,1030,1051]" captionTargetBox="[202,1122,205,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-288@12.[201,1124,204,1011]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 8. Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965, radula, NMSA L7040: (A) entire width of radula, scale bar = 200 μm; (B) rachidian and inner lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 μm; (C) outer lateral and marginal teeth, scale bar = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670116/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE523D91D04FBFC3044C4B483" box="[694,741,934,960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[181,214,1462,1483]" captionTargetBox="[190,1134,203,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-127@36.[189,1134,203,1445]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 25. Living animals from Tsingy Beanka: (A) Acroptychia bathiei Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965, st’n 13/06, shell diameter 23.2 mm, NMSA L7315; (B) Tropidophora humbug sp. n., st’n 12/06, shell diameter 28.3 mm, paratype,NMSA L7204/T2984; (C) Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965, st’n 03/06, shell diameter approx.19.0 mm; (D) Clavator griffithsjonesi Emberton, 1999, st’n 12/06, shell height 94.8 mm, NMSA L7192; (E) Ampelita milloti Fischer-Piette,1952,st’n 07/09, shell diameter 19.2 mm, NMSA L8502; (F) Ampelita namerokoensis Fischer-Piette, 1952, st’n 12/06, shell diameter 20.3 mm, NMSA L8442; (G) Kalidos griffithshauchleri Emberton, 2002, st’n 12/06, shell diameter approx. 60 mm; (H) Kalidos maryannae sp. n., st’n 12/06, shell diameter 22.5 mm, paratype, NMSA L7193/T2944." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">25C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30FFDA1E523D91D06F8FC474787B336" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FC474752B4BF" blockId="10.[181,1142,934,1096]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E523D91D06F8FC47442DB4A7" ID-CoL="7QY2N" authority=": Reeve 1861" authorityName=": Reeve" authorityYear="1861" box="[181,524,975,996]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Cyclostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FC4747AEB4A7" box="[181,399,977,996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Cyclostoma reticulatum</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84D3DBE523D91D07D1FC59442DB4A7" author="REEVE, L." box="[412,524,975,996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref18788" refString="REEVE, L. 1861. Monograph of the genus Cyclostoma. In: Conchologica Iconica. Vol. 13. London: Lovell Reeve, pls 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1861">Reeve 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 9, fig. 48a, b [
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D04FBFC4744F9B4A7" box="[694,728,977,996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">non</emphasis>
Adams &amp; Reeve 
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1848–1850: 57, pl. 14, fig. 8].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FB954457B355" blockId="10.[181,1142,934,1096]" box="[181,630,1025,1046]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E523D91D06F8FB954453B355" ID-CoL="59C94" authority=": Fischer-Piette 1949: 36" authorityName="Fischer-Piette" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1949" box="[181,626,1025,1046]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FB9547B1B355" box="[181,400,1027,1046]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Tropidophora reticulata</emphasis>
: Fischer-Piette 1949: 36
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FB8A4599B36C" blockId="10.[181,1142,934,1096]" box="[181,952,1050,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E523D91D06F8FB8A44FDB36C" ID-CoL="59C99" authority=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha 1965: 76" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1965" box="[181,732,1050,1071]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FB8A47A2B36C" box="[181,387,1052,1071]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Tropidophora secunda</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B7DA477E523D91D07C2FB8C44FDB36C" box="[399,732,1050,1071]" country="Madagascar" location="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1">Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha 1965: 76</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="54AE1088E523D91D04A8FB8C4533B36C" box="[741,786,1050,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
loc.: 
<collectingCountry id="F302EEBAE523D91D0508FB8C4595B36C" box="[837,948,1050,1071]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FBA34572B30B" blockId="10.[181,1142,934,1096]" box="[181,851,1075,1096]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E523D91D06F8FBA34528B30B" ID-CoL="59C99" authority=": Fischer-Piette et al. 1993: 129" authorityName="Fischer-Piette" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1993" box="[181,777,1075,1096]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda" subGenus="Ligatella">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FBA347CBB30B" box="[181,490,1077,1096]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Tropidophora (Ligatella) secunda</emphasis>
: Fischer-Piette 
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D0434FBA34480B30B" box="[633,673,1077,1096]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. 1993: 129
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 82.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FBCC4787B336" blockId="10.[181,1143,1114,1677]" box="[181,422,1114,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Morphological notes:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FFDA1E523D91A06F8FB124512B606" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FB1244B0B39F" blockId="10.[181,1143,1114,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FB124755B3DF" box="[181,372,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">External features</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE523D91D07CCFB1447C7B3DF" box="[385,486,1154,1180]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[181,214,1462,1483]" captionTargetBox="[190,1134,203,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-127@36.[189,1134,203,1445]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 25. Living animals from Tsingy Beanka: (A) Acroptychia bathiei Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965, st’n 13/06, shell diameter 23.2 mm, NMSA L7315; (B) Tropidophora humbug sp. n., st’n 12/06, shell diameter 28.3 mm, paratype,NMSA L7204/T2984; (C) Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965, st’n 03/06, shell diameter approx.19.0 mm; (D) Clavator griffithsjonesi Emberton, 1999, st’n 12/06, shell height 94.8 mm, NMSA L7192; (E) Ampelita milloti Fischer-Piette,1952,st’n 07/09, shell diameter 19.2 mm, NMSA L8502; (F) Ampelita namerokoensis Fischer-Piette, 1952, st’n 12/06, shell diameter 20.3 mm, NMSA L8442; (G) Kalidos griffithshauchleri Emberton, 2002, st’n 12/06, shell diameter approx. 60 mm; (H) Kalidos maryannae sp. n., st’n 12/06, shell diameter 22.5 mm, paratype, NMSA L7193/T2944." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
): Head-foot more or less uniformly grey; tentacles and forehead slightly darker, paler toward mantle cavity; tip of snout conspicuously indented in mid-line; skin texture very finely granular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91D06F8FB7A442EB2E7" blockId="10.[181,1143,1114,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FB7A4713B247" box="[181,306,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Operculum</emphasis>
: Oligospiral; exterior portion a calcareous disc, attached to an inner and slightly larger corneous layer; external surface very shallowly concave, lacking a distinct convex spiral ridge (cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E523D91D07F0FABA4413B207" authorityName="Griffiths &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2013" box="[445,562,1324,1348]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humbug">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D07F0FABA4413B207" box="[445,562,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">T. humbug</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above), but with a diffuse, dark purple-brown spiral band more or less at mid-whorl, most noticeable on last whorl; edge of disc concave, with relatively weakly developed transverse partitions (adjacent to inner surface), except along smooth growing margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE523D91C06F8FA2247E2B328" blockId="10.[181,1143,1114,1677]" lastBlockId="11.[144,1106,1073,1676]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06F8FA224727B28F" box="[181,262,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Radula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE523D91D075BFA24477BB28F" box="[278,346,1458,1484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[180,213,1030,1051]" captionTargetBox="[202,1122,205,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-288@12.[201,1124,204,1011]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 8. Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965, radula, NMSA L7040: (A) entire width of radula, scale bar = 200 μm; (B) rachidian and inner lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 μm; (C) outer lateral and marginal teeth, scale bar = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670116/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): Formula 1+2+1+2+1; length 
<quantity id="4CED03CFE523D91D04FAFA24452EB28E" box="[695,783,1458,1485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D0556FA224514B28F" box="[795,821,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">ca</emphasis>
42 rows/mm; dentition fine. Rachidian with five distinct cusps, a minute additional pair sometimes discernable; central cusp largest and rounded, the outer pair small and curving inward. Inner laterals with four cusps, the inner cusp small and often obscured by the much larger second cusp; outer lateral with five or six cusps, the central three or four usually larger. Marginal teeth broad, the edge comprising three regions; an inner coarsely dentate element with 
<emphasis id="B9617238E523D91D06A1F9E34727B1CE" box="[236,262,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">ca</emphasis>
9 denticles; a more finely denticulate central region, and a smooth outer portion. Such a radula conforms to the pattern seen in 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C04C0FBA54271B308" authority="Martens, 1880" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1880" box="[653,1104,1073,1100]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ligatella">
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C04C0FBA54586B308" box="[653,935,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Tropidophora (Ligatella)</emphasis>
Martens, 1880
</taxonomicName>
(Fischer-Piette 
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C0776FBC5474DB328" box="[315,364,1107,1131]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 1969).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6AFEA2E522D91C06DDFC3F458AB345" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7670114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670114/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" startId="11.[144,177,937,958]" targetBox="[145,1099,209,913]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE522D91C06DDFC3F458AB345" blockId="11.[144,1105,937,1030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Fig. 7. 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C069FFC3C44FDB4FD" authority="Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[210,732,937,958]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C069FFC3C4781B4FE" box="[210,416,938,957]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Tropidophora secunda</emphasis>
Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965
</taxonomicName>
: (A–C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C056BFC3F4591B4FD" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" box="[806,944,937,958]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">Tsingy Beanka</taxonomicName>
, st’n 03/06, max. diameter 21.5 mm, NMSA L7040; (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C0466FC574492B495" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" box="[555,691,961,982]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">Tsingy Beanka</taxonomicName>
, st’n 03/06, subadult, max. diameter 20.0 mm, NMSA L7040; (E) Kelifely Plateau, max. diameter 18.8 mm, NMSA L6798; (F–H) holotype (faded), ‘Madagascar’, Cuming collection, max. diameter 22.0 mm, NHMUK 20110470.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE522D91C06DDFBE34764B391" blockId="11.[144,1106,1073,1676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Locality data: 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C0758FBE147BBB3C9" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" box="[277,410,1143,1162]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C0758FBE147BBB3C9" box="[277,410,1143,1162]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Tsingy Beanka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: st’ns 03/06, 11/06, 12/06, 13/06, 14/06, 15/06, 17/06, 18/06, 02/09, 11/09, R01/10, 03/10, 09/10. 
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C0713FB1947D0B3E1" box="[350,497,1167,1186]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Kelifely Plateau</emphasis>
: st’ns 04/05, 10/05. 
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C04E2FB1945B8B3E1" box="[687,921,1167,1186]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Anjajavy (Narinda north)</emphasis>
: st’ns 33/03, 36/03. 37/03, 38/03, 39/03, 40/03, 13/04 [abundant in this area]. 
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C04E3FB3145ABB3F9" box="[686,906,1191,1210]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Mtn d’Ambre/Ankarana</emphasis>
: st’ns 12b/94, 01/01, 09/01 [uncommon].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE522D91C06DDFB77443EB2FF" blockId="11.[144,1106,1073,1676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Distribution: Central western to north-eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302EEBAE522D91C04DDFB77453AB3B8" box="[656,795,1249,1275]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
; from the southern Bemaraha region (Fischer-Piette 
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C07E7FA9547FAB258" box="[426,475,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 1993) through 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C04C3FA974519B258" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" box="[654,824,1281,1307]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">Tsingy Beanka</taxonomicName>
, the Kelifely Plateau and Anjajavy area, to Mtn d’Ambre and Ankarana in 
<collectingRegion id="49D160C8E522D91C04F9FAB7458BB278" box="[692,938,1313,1339]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
. Curiously, we have not found this species in our own surveys in the Tsingy de Bemaraha, nor at Antsingimavo, and whereas it is common in the southern 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C04BAFAF74580B238" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" box="[759,929,1377,1403]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">Tsingy Beanka</taxonomicName>
, it is rare in the central portion. Evidently although relatively widespread, the species has a somewhat patchy distribution within its range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE522D91C06DDFA5F445FB140" blockId="11.[144,1106,1073,1676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Habitat: Dry deciduous, evergreen and riverine forest in limestone areas; in leaf-litter and sheltering microhabitats amongst rocks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE522D91B06DDF98744AAB22C" blockId="11.[144,1106,1073,1676]" lastBlockId="12.[181,1142,1140,1679]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Remarks: A characteristic species on account of its bold colour pattern. 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C058BF985478AB108" authority="(Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Adams &amp; Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C058BF9854271B168" box="[966,1104,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">T. reticulata</emphasis>
(Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
, with which it was at one time confused, has a similar coloration, but is smaller (max. diameter approx. 
<quantity id="4CED03CFE522D91C04E7F9C744DCB12F" box="[682,765,1617,1644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
, compared to&gt; 
<quantity id="4CED03CFE522D91C05E2F9C74234B12F" box="[943,1045,1617,1644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E522D91C0276F9C546CDB1C8" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E522D91C0276F9C546CDB1C8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">T. secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), has a more elevated shell and a narrower umbilicus (Fischer-Piette 1949) (
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE525D91B06F3FBE24762B3CD" box="[190,323,1140,1166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[144,176,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[157,1095,235,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-89@37.[147,1108,223,1487]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig.26.Speciesillustrated for comparative purposes:(A–C) Tropidophora moulinsii, holotype of Cyclostoma moulinsii Grateloup, 1840, ‘Madagascar’, max. diameter 33.1 mm, NHMUK 1907.11.22.12; (D–F) Tropidophora thesauri Fischer-Piette, 1949, Orangea, Diego Suarez [= Antsiranana] district, max. diameter 38.0 mm, NMSA L8438; (G–I) Tropidophora reticulata, one of three syntypes of Cyclostoma reticulatum (Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850), ‘Madagascar’, max.diameter 15.1 mm, NHMUK 1874.12.11.231; (J–L) Kalidos hova, syntype of Nanina hova Odhner, 1919, Catsèpe, Madagascar, max. diameter 24.4 mm (SMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670163/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Fig. 26G–I</figureCitation>
, 
<typeStatus id="54AE1088E525D91B071DFBE3478BB3CC" box="[336,426,1141,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, NHMUK). The white markings of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B0501FBE045E7B3CD" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[844,966,1142,1166]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B0501FBE045E7B3CD" box="[844,966,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">T. secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not part of the shell fabric, but are a superficial chalky deposit which can be easily scraped off. Although previously reported from few localities, the range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B053BFB2045CCB38D" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[886,1005,1206,1230]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B053BFB2045CCB38D" box="[886,1005,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">T. secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evidently relatively large and it is not uncommon in undisturbed dry forest habitat. In contrast, the range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B0709FB6047EDB24D" baseAuthorityName="Adams &amp; Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[324,460,1270,1294]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B0709FB6047EDB24D" box="[324,460,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">T. reticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has yet to be established more precisely than ‘Madagascar’. Most specimens from 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B07FEFA82447DB26D" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" box="[435,604,1300,1326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">Tsingy Beanka</taxonomicName>
have a lower spire than the 
<typeStatus id="54AE1088E525D91B05ECFA824222B26D" box="[929,1027,1300,1326]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(compare 
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE525D91B06F8FAA24745B20C" box="[181,356,1332,1359]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,937,958]" captionTargetBox="[145,1099,209,913]" captionTargetId="figure-236@11.[143,1103,204,920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965: (A–C) Tsingy Beanka, st’n 03/06, max. diameter 21.5 mm, NMSA L7040;(D) Tsingy Beanka, st’n 03/06, subadult, max.diameter 20.0 mm, NMSA L7040;(E) Kelifely Plateau, max.diameter 18.8 mm,NMSA L6798; (F–H) holotype (faded), ‘Madagascar’, Cuming collection, max. diameter 22.0 mm, NHMUK 20110470." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670114/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Figs 7A and 7F</figureCitation>
); however, shells of intermediate height are present both in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B0264FAA24728B22D" authorityName=", Antsingimavo" authorityYear="2013" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Tsingy" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beanka">Tsingy Beanka</taxonomicName>
and Kelifely Plateau (
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE525D91B0449FAC2445FB22C" box="[516,638,1364,1391]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[180,212,760,781]" captionTargetBox="[187,1137,216,734]" captionTargetId="figure-294@8.[181,1141,204,742]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig.5. Tropidophora humbug sp.n.: (A–C) holotype,Tsingy Beanka,max.diameter 31.5mm,height 16.3 mm, AMS C.474165; (D–F) paratype, heavily banded specimen, Tsingy de Bemaraha, max. diameter 30.4 mm, height 14.1 mm, NMSA L8444/T2658; (G) operculum of holotype, external surface, max. diameter 11.0 mm, AMS C.474165." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670110/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6AFEA2E525D91B06F9FB904473B308" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670116/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" startId="12.[180,213,1030,1051]" targetBox="[202,1122,205,1011]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE525D91B06F9FB904473B308" blockId="12.[180,1142,1030,1099]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
Fig. 8. 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B06B8FB9E44D5B358" authority="Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[245,756,1030,1051]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B06B8FB9E47E3B358" box="[245,450,1032,1051]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Tropidophora secunda</emphasis>
Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965
</taxonomicName>
, radula, NMSA L7040: (A) entire width of radula, scale bar = 200 μm; (B) rachidian and inner lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 μm; (C) outer lateral and marginal teeth, scale bar = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAAAE2AE525D91A069DFAE24512B606" blockId="12.[181,1142,1140,1679]" lastBlockId="13.[144,1106,203,326]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
Fischer-Piette and Bedoucha (1965) selected as the ‘type’ for this species the specimen illustrated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B0708FA00446DB2ED" authorityName=": Reeve" authorityYear="1861" box="[325,588,1430,1454]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Cyclostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B0708FA00446DB2ED" box="[325,588,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Cyclostoma reticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84D3DBE525D91B043FFA034520B2ED" author="REEVE, L." box="[626,769,1428,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref18788" refString="REEVE, L. 1861. Monograph of the genus Cyclostoma. In: Conchologica Iconica. Vol. 13. London: Lovell Reeve, pls 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1861">Reeve (1861</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, fig. 48a, b, ‘Mus. Cuming’), which they stated was present in the ‘British Museum’ [NHMUK]. Fischer-Piette (1949) had earlier examined this specimen, citing its diameter as 
<quantity id="4CED03CFE525D91B05C5FA4245FBB2AC" box="[904,986,1492,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
. No specimen identified as the 
<typeStatus id="54AE1088E525D91B0720FA6247EEB14D" box="[365,463,1524,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B07BEFA6144D3B14C" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[499,754,1527,1551]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B07BEFA6144D3B14C" box="[499,754,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Tropidophora secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was present in the NHMUK, but a specimen labelled 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E525D91B07CBF98144B0B16C" authorityName=": Reeve" authorityYear="1861" box="[390,657,1559,1583]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Cyclostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
<emphasis id="B9617238E525D91B07CBF98144B0B16C" box="[390,657,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Cyclostoma reticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in the Cuming collection (Ablett pers. comm. 
<date id="FFAB88EAE525D91B0705F9A347E3B10D" box="[328,450,1588,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" value="2011-11">Nov. 2011</date>
). This is 
<quantity id="4CED03CFE525D91B0467F9A2445BB10C" box="[554,634,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
in diameter and closely resembles the figure given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84D3DBE525D91B0750F9C34796B12D" author="REEVE, L." box="[285,439,1620,1647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref18788" refString="REEVE, L. 1861. Monograph of the genus Cyclostoma. In: Conchologica Iconica. Vol. 13. London: Lovell Reeve, pls 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1861">Reeve (1861)</bibRefCitation>
, though the colour pattern is not a perfect match. It seems very probable that this is the specimen referred to by Fischer-Piette and Bedoucha (1965), and we consider it to be the 
<typeStatus id="54AE1088E524D91A07D0FF5D47DEB7A6" box="[413,511,203,229]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E524D91A0468FF584505B7A5" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" box="[549,804,206,230]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E524D91A0468FF584505B7A5" box="[549,804,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Tropidophora secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 20110470, 
<figureCitation id="132EB2AFE524D91A026EFF5D46F7B645" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,937,958]" captionTargetBox="[145,1099,209,913]" captionTargetId="figure-236@11.[143,1103,204,920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Tropidophora secunda Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha, 1965: (A–C) Tsingy Beanka, st’n 03/06, max. diameter 21.5 mm, NMSA L7040;(D) Tsingy Beanka, st’n 03/06, subadult, max.diameter 20.0 mm, NMSA L7040;(E) Kelifely Plateau, max.diameter 18.8 mm,NMSA L6798; (F–H) holotype (faded), ‘Madagascar’, Cuming collection, max. diameter 22.0 mm, NHMUK 20110470." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7670114/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7F–H</figureCitation>
). It is not clear why Fischer-Piette, after having examined the Cuming specimen illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84D3DBE524D91A0764FE9A47E0B666" author="REEVE, L." box="[297,449,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref18788" refString="REEVE, L. 1861. Monograph of the genus Cyclostoma. In: Conchologica Iconica. Vol. 13. London: Lovell Reeve, pls 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1861">Reeve (1861)</bibRefCitation>
and designated it to be the type, subsequently stated for 
<taxonomicName id="4C15D5A9E524D91A0276FE9846CDB605" authorityName=": Fischer-Piette &amp; Bedoucha" authorityYear="1965" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Tropidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9617238E524D91A0276FE9846CDB605" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">T. secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘localisation du type:?’ (Fischer-Piette 
<emphasis id="B9617238E524D91A04E1FEB844FCB605" box="[684,733,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 1993).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>