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<mods:title id="406B86B0125E66FB175FB36080C9D55F">Re-appraisal of the families and subfamilies of Trapezioidea Miers, 1886, with establishment of a new family, Ectaesthesiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)</mods:title>
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Superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879737E5FFB8169452051F892" ID-CoL="7NH2X" authority="Miers, 1886" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1886" box="[1083,1376,1821,1845]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Trapezioidea">
Trapezioidea
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79737E5FFB6369452051F892" author="Miers EJ" box="[1241,1376,1821,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" refId="ref20715" refString="Miers EJ (1886) Part II. - Report on the Brachyura collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Wyville Thomson C &amp; Murray J (eds.) Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 under the command of Captain George S. Nares, N. R., F. R. S. and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R. N. prepared under the Superintendence of the late Sir C. Wyville Thomson, Knt., F. R. S. &amp; c. Regius Professor of Natural history in the University of Edinburgh of the civilian scientific staff on board and now of John Murray one of the naturalists of the Expedition. Zoology, Published by Order of Her Majesty's Government, London, Edinburgh and Dublin, vol. XVII (XLIX), l [= 50] + 362 pp., pls. I - XXIX." type="book" year="1886">Miers, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B98783B79737E5CFCF969052753F929" blockId="1.[834,1475,1885,2101]" lastBlockId="2.[112,753,1366,1678]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="608" pageId="1" pageNumber="607">
<emphasis id="B953A42979737E5FFCF969052683F8D2" bold="true" box="[835,946,1885,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="607">Remarks.</emphasis>
We describe herein
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879737E5FFB326905201EF8D2" authorityName="Ng &amp; Ahyong &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2023" box="[1160,1327,1885,1909]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ectaesthesiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ectaesthesiidae</taxonomicName>
, a new family within
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879737E5FFC2F6925211AF832" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1886" box="[917,1067,1917,1941]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Trapezioidea">Trapezioidea</taxonomicName>
, and compare it with its presumed sister-taxon,
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879737E5FFC7769C52172F812" authorityName="Castro, Ng &amp; Ahyong" authorityYear="2004" box="[973,1091,1949,1973]" class="Malacostraca" family="Tetraliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetraliidae</taxonomicName>
, using a suite of new morphological characters. In so doing, the character states for other families of
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879737E5FFCD9698526C0F852" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1886" box="[867,1009,2013,2037]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Trapezioidea">Trapezioidea</taxonomicName>
were re-assessed leading us to conclude that Calocarcininae
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79737E5FFB9B69A62186F7B2" author="Stevcic Z" box="[1057,1207,2045,2072]" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref21857" refString="Stevcic Z (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stevcic Brachyura). Natura Croatica (Fauna Croatica), 14 (1): 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić, 2005</bibRefCitation>
(sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79737E5FFAAA69A6208AF7B2" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[1296,1467,2045,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref21055" refString="Ng PKL, Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
) does not belong in
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879737E5FFB9766452185F792" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1886" box="[1069,1204,2077,2101]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trapeziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trapeziidae</taxonomicName>
and should instead be recognised as a distinct family (see Remarks under account of
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).
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFEF36B2E27A4FA29" authority="Rathbun, 1897" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1897" box="[329,661,1398,1422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trapeziidae" genus="Sphenomerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953A42979707E5CFEF36B2E24DDFA29" box="[329,492,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">Sphenomerides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79707E5CFE4F6B2E27A4FA29" author="Rathbun MJ" box="[501,661,1398,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" pagination="153 - 167" refId="ref21453" refString="Rathbun MJ (1897) A revision of the nomenclature of the Brachyura. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 11: 153 - 167." type="journal article" year="1897">Rathbun, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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is not a calocarcinid as previously thought, but a trapeziid, belonging in its own subfamily,
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFEEB6BEE2793FA69" authority="Stevcic, 2005" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2005" box="[337,674,1462,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="621" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sphenomeridinae">
Sphenomeridinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79707E5CFDAA6BEE2793FA69" author="Stevcic Z" box="[528,674,1462,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref21857" refString="Stevcic Z (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stevcic Brachyura). Natura Croatica (Fauna Croatica), 14 (1): 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, within
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFFCB6B8E2448FA49" authority="Miers, 1886" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1886" box="[113,377,1494,1518]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trapeziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Trapeziidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79707E5CFF4D6B8E2448FA49" author="Miers EJ" box="[247,377,1494,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" refId="ref20715" refString="Miers EJ (1886) Part II. - Report on the Brachyura collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Wyville Thomson C &amp; Murray J (eds.) Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 under the command of Captain George S. Nares, N. R., F. R. S. and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R. N. prepared under the Superintendence of the late Sir C. Wyville Thomson, Knt., F. R. S. &amp; c. Regius Professor of Natural history in the University of Edinburgh of the civilian scientific staff on board and now of John Murray one of the naturalists of the Expedition. Zoology, Published by Order of Her Majesty's Government, London, Edinburgh and Dublin, vol. XVII (XLIX), l [= 50] + 362 pp., pls. I - XXIX." type="book" year="1886">Miers, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79707E5CFE0E6B8E276AFA49" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[436,603,1494,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref21055" refString="Ng PKL, Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605CA79707E5CFDD76B8E2588F9A9" author="Castro P &amp; Ng, PKL &amp; Ahyong, ST" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref18680" refString="Castro P, Ng, PKL &amp; Ahyong, ST (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family. Zootaxa, 643: 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="2004">Castro et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
had diagnosed members of
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFE406BAE274DF9A9" authorityName="Ortmann" authorityYear="1893" box="[506,636,1526,1550]" class="Malacostraca" family="Domeciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Domeciidae</taxonomicName>
as having fused (at least ankylosed and immobile) male pleonal somites 35, but our re-examination of the constituent genera showed that this is not the case. All pleonal somites in domeciids are actually freely articulating as in tetraliids.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98783B79707E5CFFCB6A97267CFAB9" blockId="2.[113,1451,1231,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">
Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFECD6A972777FB43" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1898" box="[375,582,1231,1252]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Ectaesthesius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifrons">
<emphasis id="B953A42979707E5CFECD6A972777FB43" box="[375,582,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">Ectaesthesius bifrons</emphasis>
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, male (12.8 × 9.0 mm) (LACM 1938.56), Galápagos Islands; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFB6C6A972094FB43" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1898" box="[1238,1445,1231,1252]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Ectaesthesius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifrons">
<emphasis id="B953A42979707E5CFB6C6A972094FB43" box="[1238,1445,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">Ectaesthesius bifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female (11.2 × 8.0 mm) (LACM 1938.56), Galápagos Islands; C,
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFCBB6AB4269DFAA5" authorityName="Paulson" authorityYear="1875" box="[769,940,1260,1282]" class="Malacostraca" family="Tetraliidae" genus="Tetralia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctipes">
<emphasis id="B953A42979707E5CFCBB6AB4269DFAA5" box="[769,940,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">Tetralia cinctipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male (9.5 × 9.5 mm) (ZRC 2019.0701), Japan; D,
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFFCB6B512442FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[113,371,1289,1310]" class="Malacostraca" family="Tetraliidae" genus="Tetraloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterodactylus">
<emphasis id="B953A42979707E5CFFCB6B512442FAB9" box="[113,371,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">Tetraloides heterodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male (7.6 × 7.1 mm) (ZRC 2019.0699), Japan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98783B79707E5CFFCB68EE24D5F88A" blockId="2.[113,752,1718,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">
As a result of morphological reassessment, we provide revised diagnoses for all the subfamilies and families of
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFFCB68AE2430F8A9" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1886" box="[113,257,1782,1806]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Trapezioidea">Trapezioidea</taxonomicName>
, particularly for
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFE7B68AE2757F8A9" authorityName="Ng &amp; Ahyong &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2023" box="[449,614,1782,1806]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calocarcinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family" status="new status">Calocarcinidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260195279707E5CFDCF68AE27DDF8AA" box="[629,748,1782,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2703B879707E5CFF1B694E246FF889" authorityName="Ng &amp; Ahyong &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2023" box="[161,350,1814,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="621" rank="subFamily" status="new status" subFamily="Sphenomeridinae">Sphenomeridinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260195279707E5CFED1694E24D1F88A" box="[363,480,1814,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="608">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
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