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<mods:title id="8AE34BF5FE5F6EAFB3A75D7A7F1EA774">A new tribe and species of Clastopterinae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) from Africa, Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF5FFE5FFE656C92" blockId="11.[151,423,440,466]" box="[151,423,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="677E961E5376FFF9FF5FFE5FFE656C92" bold="true" box="[151,423,440,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C99065C5376FFF9FF5FFE5FFE656C92" box="[151,423,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF5FFE5FFE656C92" bold="true" box="[151,423,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FF5FFE5FFE636C92" ID-CoL="539G" ID-ENA="2875747" authority="Schmidt, 1920:49" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,417,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF5FFE5FFF026C92" bold="true" box="[151,192,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Iba</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="BD2807635376FFF9FF0FFE5FFE636C92" author="Schmidt" box="[199,417,440,466]" page="49" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FF0FFE5FFEBF6C92" author="Schmidt" box="[199,381,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Schmidt, E. (1920) Neue Zikaden von den Philippinen, Sumatra und Java (Rhynchota-Homoptera). Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin 81, 43 - 56." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
:49
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF5FFE19FD796F54" blockId="11.[151,1205,510,563]" box="[151,699,510,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Type-species by monotypy:
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FE7CFDE7FD756F54" authority="Schmidt, 1920" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1920" box="[436,695,510,533]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneata">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FE7CFDE7FDD86F55" box="[436,538,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">I. cuneata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FDE8FE19FD756F54" author="Schmidt" box="[544,695,510,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Schmidt, E. (1920) Neue Zikaden von den Philippinen, Sumatra und Java (Rhynchota-Homoptera). Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin 81, 43 - 56." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="749372F95376FFF9FF5FFDFAFB776F73" box="[151,1205,541,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF5FFDFAFB776F73" blockId="11.[151,1205,510,563]" box="[151,1205,541,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C99065C5376FFF9FF5FFDFAFB776F73" box="[151,1205,541,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FF5FFDFAFDD16F73" ID-CoL="63JWB" authority="Lallemand, 1951:88" authorityName="Lallemand" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,531,541,563]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Parahindoloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF5FFDFAFE826F73" box="[151,320,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Parahindoloides</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="BD2807635376FFF9FE8DFDFAFDD16F73" author="Lallemand" box="[325,531,541,563]" page="88" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FE8DFDFAFE366F73" author="Lallemand" box="[325,500,541,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Lallemand, V. (1951) Cinquieme note sur les cercopides. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 87, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1951">Lallemand, 1951</bibRefCitation>
:88
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</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FDD6FDFAFDB06F72" bold="true" box="[542,626,541,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">stat.nov</emphasis>
. (subgenus). Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FC43FDF9FB736F73" authority="Lallemand, 1951" authorityName="Lallemand" authorityYear="1951" box="[907,1201,541,563]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lumuana">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FC43FDF9FC3F6F73" box="[907,1021,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">P. lumuana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FBCBFDFAFB736F73" author="Lallemand" box="[1027,1201,541,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Lallemand, V. (1951) Cinquieme note sur les cercopides. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 87, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1951">Lallemand, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="749372F95376FFF9FF5FFDB8FE246F38" box="[151,486,607,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF5FFDB8FE246F38" blockId="11.[151,1437,607,1352]" box="[151,486,607,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF5FFDB8FEF26F38" bold="true" box="[151,304,607,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southeast Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="749372F95376FFF9FF0FFD63FD9D6E9F" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF0FFD63FD7C6ED8" blockId="11.[151,1437,607,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF0FFD63FE836FDD" bold="true" box="[199,321,644,669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Resembling
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FE12FD63FD9C6FDD" box="[474,606,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FE12FD63FD9C6FDD" box="[474,606,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Clastoptera</emphasis>
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, but lacking transverse carina on crown; head depressed, narrower than pronotum; face broadly sulcate with diamond-shaped median depression (
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75376FFF9FC3CFD40FBF96F80" box="[1012,1083,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 6. Comparison of face (3 4 A), tegmen (3 5 B), hind wing (3 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A M) and dorsal aspect (N O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M N, Witteella major (M O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A); pronotum obliquely striate either side of longitudinal carina (
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75376FFF9FDD1FD2BFD9C6FA5" box="[537,606,716,741]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 6. Comparison of face (3 4 A), tegmen (3 5 B), hind wing (3 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A M) and dorsal aspect (N O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M N, Witteella major (M O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B); antennal ledge with 2 setae in a vertical row before antennal pit, or 3 arranged in a triangle; postpedicel armed with sensilla in narrow hollow behind arista scarcely wider than base of arista, flanked with sharp-edged ridges converging on pit containing coeloconic sensilla (Figs. 24DE); tegmina with costa with transverse wedge-shaped fold or &quot;cunea” just before anteapical cells, small bulla basad of “cunea” and large bulla across subcostal cells (
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75376FFF9FD8DFCBBFD4B6E34" box="[581,649,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 6. Comparison of face (3 4 A), tegmen (3 5 B), hind wing (3 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A M) and dorsal aspect (N O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M N, Witteella major (M O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Ovipositor with 2nd valvulae 0.61.0 mm long, similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FF5FFC98FED96ED8" box="[151,283,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF5FFC98FED96ED8" box="[151,283,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Clastoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 13 dorsal teeth (
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75376FFF9FDEBFC98FDBA6ED8" box="[547,632,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[314,1270,197,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[309,1277,193,1186]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Second valvulae of Clastopterinae: Iba (A C), Clastoptera (D E), Tremapterus nominate subgenus (F K) and subgenus Patriziana (L P). A, Iba cuneata (holotype of C. bakeri); B, I. venosa sp. nov., holotype; C, I. (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype; D, Clastoptera laevigata sp. nov., holotype; E, C. laenata Fowler, syntype; F, Tremapterus rufus; G, T. pluto, holotype; H, T. nigropunctatus; J, T. centonis; K, T. palimpsestus; L, T. combae, holotype; M, T. turneri, holotype; N, T. brunneus; O, T. janus; P, T. fuscus. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233174/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figs 10</figureCitation>
AC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF0FFC43FD9D6E9F" blockId="11.[151,1437,607,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF0FFC43FEB46EFD" bold="true" box="[199,374,932,957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Included taxa.</emphasis>
Three species, two in the nominate subgenus from the
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25376FFF9FBC5FC43FB4C6EFD" box="[1037,1166,932,957]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, and a third species in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FECEFC20FE036EA0" box="[262,449,967,992]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Parahindoloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FECEFC20FE036EA0" box="[262,449,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Parahindoloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Borneo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="749372F95376FFF9FF0FFC0BFDE86808" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF0FFC0BFE4E69F8" blockId="11.[151,1437,607,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF0FFC0BFEF96945" bold="true" box="[199,315,1004,1029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Remarks.</emphasis>
Antennal and genital characters indicate that
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FCF3FC0BFCA26945" box="[827,864,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FCF3FC0BFCA26945" box="[827,864,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Iba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the old-world and
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FB9AFC0BFB146945" box="[1106,1238,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FB9AFC0BFB146945" box="[1106,1238,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Clastoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the new-world are very closely related.
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FE78FBE8FE176968" box="[432,469,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FE78FBE8FE176968" box="[432,469,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Iba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25376FFF9FD80FBE8FCD16968" box="[584,787,1039,1064]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
is separated from
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FC20FBE8FB616968" box="[1000,1187,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Parahindoloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FC20FBE8FB616968" box="[1000,1187,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Parahindoloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Borneo only by the reduction of one of the lanceolate antennal sensillae (Fig. 24E), and by minor features commonly characteristic of closely allied species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FE26FBBEFDB96930" box="[494,635,1113,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FE26FBBEFDB96930" box="[494,635,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Tremapterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FD7BFBB0FCCD6930" box="[691,783,1111,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FD7BFBB0FCCD6930" box="[691,783,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Sepullia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), including distinctness of carinae, depth of tegminal pits and size of scutellum (
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FE6CFB9BFDDC69D5" author="Maa" box="[420,542,1148,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Maa, T. C. (1962) The cercopid genera Strandiana, Iba and Parahindoloides (Hem: Homoptera.) Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 15 (3 - 4), 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1962">Maa 1962</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FDFEFB9BFD3369D5" box="[566,753,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Parahindoloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FDFEFB9BFD3369D5" box="[566,753,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Parahindoloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously assigned to the
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FBA6FB9BFAD569D5" box="[1134,1303,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Machaerotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Machaerotidae</taxonomicName>
, but this is incorrect (
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FEC1FB47FEBD69F8" author="Maa" box="[265,383,1183,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Maa, T. C. (1963) A review of the Machaerotidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea). Pacific Insects Monograph, 5, 1 - 166." type="journal article" year="1963">Maa 1963</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF0FFB23FDE86808" blockId="11.[151,1437,607,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Males are known only from a new species, described below. Those of the previously described species are missing. One male each of the two species in the BPBM were reported by
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835376FFF9FC1DFB0EFB9A6840" author="Maa" box="[981,1112,1255,1280]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refString="Maa, T. C. (1962) The cercopid genera Strandiana, Iba and Parahindoloides (Hem: Homoptera.) Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 15 (3 - 4), 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1962">Maa (1962)</bibRefCitation>
but their characters were not described or illustrated, and no specimen was found when the collection was visited in 2002 nor when they were again sought by the curator in 2011.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>