230 lines
30 KiB
XML
230 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="79D4BB08A81C1CFEE9CAD60DB7F8A4FE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3946.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f56bb3a6-9852-4218-9c33-b1b3c79670b9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="233167" ID-ZooBank="9EE92E94-8743-49E9-B96E-A057C77D9BC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461032553967" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Andrew Hamilton, K. G." docDate="2015" docId="B4209064536AFFEAFF5FF92AFB846918" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03946p189.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3946 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tremapterus Spinola" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="4819E81C537DFFF2FFC8FFE7FFC26D40" masterDocTitle="A new tribe and species of Clastopterinae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) from Africa, Asia and North America" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1698573836090" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="06499D03DDCD182E2CBB67ECED1062B0">A new tribe and species of Clastopterinae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) from Africa, Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="759905AB01F1B4C9B0BCC8421D0DDCAB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="656A2FDF0A6A21AC6D9FA2B8BCCEF699">Andrew Hamilton, K. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C996DAE67B45BAC6519C8A2625A28174">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B664B945AA9BD122AE9985D1CDD5401C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FFE294E218D1AEF7D2E25AF69844684E">3946</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BD1B1B2948D82389EB37EC3368E36493" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3946.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B4209064536AFFEAFF5FF92AFB846918" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106180" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4209064536AFFEAFF5FF92AFB846918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4209064536AFFEAFF5FF92AFB846918" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536AFFE5FF5FF92AFDD96BA7" box="[151,539,1741,1767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536AFFE5FF5FF92AFDD96BA7" blockId="23.[151,539,1741,1767]" box="[151,539,1741,1767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<heading id="677E961E536AFFE5FF5FF92AFDD96BA7" bold="true" box="[151,539,1741,1767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536AFFE5FF5FF92AFDD96BA7" bold="true" box="[151,539,1741,1767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536AFFE5FF5FF92AFE5A6BA7" ID-CoL="7YPP" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[151,408,1741,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536AFFE5FF5FF92AFEF36BA7" bold="true" box="[151,305,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Tremapterus</emphasis>
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Spinola
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</taxonomicName>
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, redefined
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536AFFE5FF5FF8F2FC306A6A" box="[151,1010,1812,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536AFFE5FF5FF8F2FC306A6A" blockId="23.[151,1010,1812,1834]" box="[151,1010,1812,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C99065C536AFFE5FF5FF8F2FC306A6A" box="[151,1010,1812,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536AFFE5FF5FF8F2FE1A6A6A" ID-CoL="7YPP" authority="Spinola, 1850:119" authorityName="Spinola" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,472,1812,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536AFFE5FF5FF8F2FED46A6A" box="[151,278,1813,1834]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Tremapterus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="BD280763536AFFE5FED4F8F3FE1A6A6A" author="Spinola" box="[284,472,1812,1834]" page="119" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" year="1850">
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83536AFFE5FED4F8F3FE6F6A6A" author="Spinola" box="[284,429,1812,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Spinola, M. (1850) Di alcuni generi d'insetti artroidignati nuovamente proposti dal socio attuale Signor Marchese Massimiliano Spinola nella sua tavola sinottica di questo ordine che precede la present memoria. Memorie della Societa Italiana delle Scienze residente in Modena, 25 (1), 61 - 138." type="journal article" year="1850">Spinola, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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:119
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species by monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536AFFE5FD37F8F2FC2F6A6A" ID-CoL="5832R" authority="Spinola, 1850" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1850" box="[767,1005,1812,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dregei">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536AFFE5FD37F8F2FC9A6A6A" box="[767,856,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">T. dregei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83536AFFE5FC96F8F3FC2F6A6A" author="Spinola" box="[862,1005,1812,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Spinola, M. (1850) Di alcuni generi d'insetti artroidignati nuovamente proposti dal socio attuale Signor Marchese Massimiliano Spinola nella sua tavola sinottica di questo ordine che precede la present memoria. Memorie della Societa Italiana delle Scienze residente in Modena, 25 (1), 61 - 138." type="journal article" year="1850">Spinola, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536AFFE5FF5FF8B1FCCE6A2F" box="[151,780,1878,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536AFFE5FF5FF8B1FCCE6A2F" blockId="23.[151,1436,1878,2011]" box="[151,780,1878,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536AFFE5FF5FF8B1FEF26A2F" bold="true" box="[151,304,1878,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536AFFEAFF0FF89DFDCB6C90" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536AFFEAFF0FF89DFE9B6C24" blockId="23.[151,1436,1878,2011]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536AFFE5FF0FF89DFE836AD3" bold="true" box="[199,321,1914,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Dorsoventrally depressed; head produced, tylus distinct, crown at least half as long as pronotum; face horizontal or nearly so, unmarked or with black lines bordering tylus, or with very broad, black band contrasting strongly with pale yellow band across base of clypellus, extending onto pleura (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7536AFFE5FB60F825FB326A9B" box="[1192,1264,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Comparison of face (3 – 4 A), tegmen (3 – 5 B), hind wing (3 – 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A – M) and dorsal aspect (N – O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 – 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A – L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M – N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B – C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B – C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B – C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M – N, Witteella major (M – O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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E–K); antennal ledge with 1–3 tiny setae in a vertical row before antennal pit; postpedicel as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFBD0FF70FBB66DF0" box="[1048,1140,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFBD0FF70FBB66DF0" box="[1048,1140,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Sepullia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 23D), but placoid or furcate sensillum surrounded by septate groove as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFD3AFF5BFCB76D95" box="[754,885,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Beesoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFD3AFF5BFCB76D95" box="[754,885,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Beesoniella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 21D); pronotum weakly declivous, usually coarsely pitted (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75365FFEAFE84FF38FE4D6DB8" box="[332,399,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Comparison of face (3 – 4 A), tegmen (3 – 5 B), hind wing (3 – 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A – M) and dorsal aspect (N – O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 – 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A – L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M – N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B – C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B – C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B – C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M – N, Witteella major (M – O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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E–K); tegmina usually strongly pitted, veins inconspicuous or bordered by pits, usually 1–2 small dark bullae on tegmina at level of tips of clavi (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75365FFEAFD3EFEE3FCFE6C5C" box="[758,828,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[221,1336,208,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[208,1343,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dorsal aspects of Tremapterus subgenera Patriziana (A – K) and Tremiziana (L – Q). A, Tremapterus janus; B, T. expurgatus sp. nov., holotype; C, T. wardi sp. nov., holotype; D, T. peregrinus; E, T. atalanta, holotype; F, T. brunneus; G, T. splendens sp. nov., holotype; H, T. izzardi sp. nov., holotype; J, T. turneri sp. nov., holotype; K, T. combae sp. nov., holotype; L, T. arenosus sp. nov., male holotype; M, T. caccabatus sp. nov., male holotype; N, T. oxythymus sp. nov., male holotype; O, same, female paratype; P, T. scapulata sp. nov., male holotype; Q, same, female paratype. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233172/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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A–Q).
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<collectingCountry id="449E61E25365FFEAFC44FEE3FC076C5D" box="[908,965,260,285]" name="Malta" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Male</collectingCountry>
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genitalia as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFBBAFEE3FB0C6C5D" box="[1138,1230,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFBBAFEE3FB0C6C5D" box="[1138,1230,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Sepullia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75365FFEAFB15FEE3FAF16C5C" box="[1245,1331,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1526,1549]" captionTargetBox="[251,1354,199,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[217,1369,193,1505]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Male genitalia of Beesoniella (12 – 14), Grellaphia (15 – 16), Tremapterus (17) and Sepullia (18). 12, B. cyclops sp. nov.; 13, B. forceps sp. nov.; 14, B. sylvestris; 15, G. costalis; 16, G. ro b u s t a sp. nov.; 17, T. dregei holotype; 18, Sepullia murrayi. A, genital capsule, lateral aspect (smaller scale than other figures); B, right pygofer process, ventral aspect, tip upwards; C, lateral aspect of connective, phallobase, theca and (17 – 18) endotheca; D, caudal aspect of theca and endotheca (when present). Scale line: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233176/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figs 17</figureCitation>
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A, C, D). Ovipositor with 2nd valvulae usually strongly tapered, often short, tip usually pointed (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75365FFEAFBA5FEC0FB036C00" box="[1133,1217,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[314,1270,197,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[309,1277,193,1186]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Second valvulae of Clastopterinae: Iba (A – C), Clastoptera (D – E), Tremapterus nominate subgenus (F – K) and subgenus Patriziana (L – P). A, Iba cuneata (holotype of C. bakeri); B, I. venosa sp. nov., holotype; C, I. (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype; D, Clastoptera laevigata sp. nov., holotype; E, C. laenata Fowler, syntype; F, Tremapterus rufus; G, T. pluto, holotype; H, T. nigropunctatus; J, T. centonis; K, T. palimpsestus; L, T. combae, holotype; M, T. turneri, holotype; N, T. brunneus; O, T. janus; P, T. fuscus. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233174/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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F–P, 11B–L, Q–R). Length:
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<quantity id="FB718C975365FFEAFF3DFEABFE976C24" box="[245,341,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C3621725365FFEAFF0FFE88FDCB6C90" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFF0FFE88FEB06CC8" bold="true" box="[199,370,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Included taxa.</emphasis>
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There are six subgenera in the above definition, including three that were formerly considered to be separate genera.
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFE58FE73FDD36CED" box="[400,529,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Abbalomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFE58FE73FDD36CED" box="[400,529,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Abbalomba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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represents the extreme in head length, and
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFC3DFE72FBA96CEC" box="[1013,1131,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Patriziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFC3DFE72FBA96CEC" box="[1013,1131,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Patriziana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the extreme in distinctness of wing venation and punctation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F95365FFEAFF0FFE3BFE876FB0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="3C3621725365FFEAFF0FFE3BFE876FB0" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFF0FFE3BFEE56CB5" bold="true" box="[199,295,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Biology.</emphasis>
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The only species in this genus which has been observed in the field is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFBB1FE3AFEE06F58" authority="Lallemand" authorityName="Lallemand" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus" subGenus="Patriziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFBB1FE3AFB4C6CB4" box="[1145,1166,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFB69FE3AFAD56CB4" box="[1185,1303,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Patriziana</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFAE4FE3BFA5E6CB5" box="[1324,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">somalicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lallemand)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is “commune sur l’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFD99FE18FCE56F58" box="[593,807,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Abutilon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asiaticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFD99FE18FCE56F58" box="[593,807,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Abutilon asiaticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFC9EFE18FC1A6F58" box="[854,984,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
], plus rare sur le Cotonnier [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFAD7FDE7FA5E6F57" box="[1311,1436,512,535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFAD7FDE7FA5E6F57" box="[1311,1436,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Gossypium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFECEFDC3FE416F7D" box="[262,387,548,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
] au Villaggio Duca degli Abrussi [in Jowhaar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25365FFEAFC58FDC3FC306F7D" box="[912,1010,548,573]" name="Somalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
]; Mr. Paoli a observé que la larve et la nymphe produisent sur les branches des plantes sur lesquelles elles vivent, une secrétion semblable á celle des
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFF5FFD8BFEDD6FC5" box="[151,287,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Aphrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFF5FFD8BFEDD6FC5" box="[151,287,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Aphrophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mais celle-ci se dessèche en formant des tubes blancs, trés fragile, dans lesquels les jeunes homoptères vivent cachés” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835365FFEAFE1FFD68FD2F6FE8" author="Lallemand" box="[471,749,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refString="Lallemand, V. (1930) Homopteres nouveaux de la Somalie italienne meridionale. Bolletino della Societa Zoologica Italiana, 62, 185 - 187." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="p">Lallemand 1930: p. 187</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This appears to be a forerunner of the “machaerotid” tube. Similar tubes also found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFE3BFD53FDAE6F8D" box="[499,620,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25365FFEAFD55FD53FCF16F8D" box="[669,819,692,717]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75365FFEAFC81FD53FC546F8C" box="[841,918,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,219,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,219,1688]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sepulliini from South Africa on Malvaceae, a close relative of the one with similar habits identified as Patriziana somalicus (Lallemand 1930), with nymphs that construct short tubes (A – B) from dried spittle masses on Grewia monticola (B) that are filled with sap and small bubbles (C – D). The nymph (E) resembles that of Machaerotinae (Woodward et al. 1970, fig. 26.27 B) but has a shorter head and humped back like that of Clastoptera (Fig. 1 G). The adult (F), found at the same location a few days later, is Tremapterus izzardi sp. nov. Photographs and data from Lee Gutteridge, Hoedspruit near Kruger National Park in northeastern South Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233169/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D) are shorter than any known tubes of Machaerotinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F95365FFEAFF0FFD1BFB846918" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725365FFEAFF0FFD1BFC8E6EC0" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFF0FFD1BFEF96E55" bold="true" box="[199,315,764,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFE8AFD1AFE0D6E54" box="[322,463,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFE8AFD1AFE0D6E54" box="[322,463,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
means “pitted [
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFD49FD1AFD036E54" box="[641,705,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">trema</emphasis>
|
||
=hole] wings”; these insects are not wingless as was found upon dissection of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05365FFEAFE9CFCF8FE746E78" box="[340,438,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the type-species. The two species that were subsequently assigned to this genus on the basis of winglessness (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFE6AFCA2FD986E1D" authority="Jacobi" authorityName="Jacobi" box="[418,602,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Witteella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFE6AFCA2FDC06E1C" box="[418,514,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">T. major</emphasis>
|
||
Jacobi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFDA0FCA2FC646E1D" authority="Schumacher" authorityName="Schumacher" box="[616,934,836,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFDA0FCA2FCCC6E1D" box="[616,782,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">T. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
Schumacher
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) actually belong to the cercopid subfamily Aphrophorinae, and are here assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFDAAFC80FC8E6EC0" authority="Lallemand." authorityName="Lallemand." box="[610,844,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Witteella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFDAAFC80FD046EC0" box="[610,710,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Witteella</emphasis>
|
||
Lallemand.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725365FFEAFF0FFC6BFB846918" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The genotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFE45FC6AFDD86EE4" box="[397,538,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFE45FC6AFDD86EE4" box="[397,538,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to several species and subspecies described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFB79FC6BFF1A6E88" authority="Linnavuori 1973" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFB79FC6BFACF6EE5" box="[1201,1293,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Sepullia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835365FFEAFAD6FC6BFF126E88" author="Linnavuori" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1973) Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries 2. Homoptera auchenorrhyncha [sic]: Cicadidae, Cercopidae, Machaerotidae, Membracidae and Fulgoroidea. Notulae entomologicae, 53, 65 - 137." type="journal article" year="1973">Linnavuori 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can be associated through intermediate forms with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFC98FC48FC136E88" box="[848,977,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Abbalomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFC98FC48FC136E88" box="[848,977,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Abbalomba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFC28FC56FBF36E88" box="[992,1073,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Nyanja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFC28FC56FBF36E88" box="[992,1073,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Nyanja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFBA1FC56FB1D6E88" box="[1129,1247,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Patriziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFBA1FC56FB1D6E88" box="[1129,1247,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Patriziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here reduced to subgenera. A number of other species until now incorrectly placed in genera of Aphrophorinae also belong to this complex. This creates 17 new combinations in addition to 9 species transferred from subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFADCFC10FA576950" box="[1300,1429,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Abbalomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFADCFC10FA576950" box="[1300,1429,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Abbalomba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFF5FFBFAFF2A6974" box="[151,232,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Nyanja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFF5FFBFAFF2A6974" box="[151,232,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Nyanja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15365FFEAFED5FBFAFE516974" box="[285,403,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Patriziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605365FFEAFED5FBFAFE516974" box="[285,403,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Patriziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="710B14C95365FFEAFE6AFBFBFE376974" box="[418,501,1052,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Checklist of Clastopterinae of the old-world." pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), and 18 new species are described below along with 2 new subgenera, making this the largest of the old-world genera of Clastopterinae with 39 species in 6 subgenera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |