treatments-xml/data/86/53/7B/86537BFD9ABBC2480EB20A3635E7D1E5.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.168.2508" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6328c985-1e7f-4801-8150-a6c578badf58" ID-PMC="PMC3293445" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-168-65" ID-PubMed="22423192" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-168-65" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 168" ModsDocTitle="A pair of new sister species of Loneura (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, representing a new infrageneric group" checkinTime="1451249346938" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aldrete, Alfonso N. Garcia, Nieto, Julian A. Mendivil &amp; Obando, Ranulfo Gonzalez" docDate="2012" docId="86537BFD9ABBC2480EB20A3635E7D1E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 168: 65-76" docOrigin="ZooKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.168.2508" docTitle="Loneura tuluaensis Aldrete, Nieto &amp; Obando, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="4659FFA2FFE6FFBE4C6EFFDEFFE4FFA4" masterDocTitle="A pair of new sister species of Loneura (Psocodea, ' Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, representing a new infrageneric group" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668153231326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A pair of new sister species of Loneura (Psocodea, ' Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, representing a new infrageneric group</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aldrete, Alfonso N. Garcia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nieto, Julian A. Mendivil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Obando, Ranulfo Gonzalez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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<mods:start>65</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.168.2508</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033238" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5C3BAB7E-9AC7-426F-92BF-34D8445DD1DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/86537BFD9ABBC2480EB20A3635E7D1E5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5C3BAB7E-9AC7-426F-92BF-34D8445DD1DF" class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura tuluaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuluaensis">Loneura tuluaensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="67">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 617
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tuluá">Tulua</normalizedToken>
, Mateguadua, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botánico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
Juan 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Céspedes">Cespedes</normalizedToken>
, 1127 m, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.0248613">4°01'29.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.16261">76°09'45.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
Holotype male. 27.VIII.2011. On tree trunk. Paratypes: 4 females, 2 males, same data as the holotype, on tree and palm trunks. All specimens collected by 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="68" start="start">R</pageBreakToken>
. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
. Deposited in Entomological Museum, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia (MUSENUV, slides 25549-50, vial 25551).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
The specific name refers to the type locality, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tuluá">Tulua</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Male hypandrium of five sclerites, two side pairs, flanking a large central sclerite, this with two large, lateral posterior projections, and two small median posterior projections (Fig. 16). Phallosome (Fig. 17) Y-shaped anteriorly, external parameres elongate, rounded posteriorly, bearing pores; anterior endophallic sclerites bow-shaped, wide anteriorly, slender posteriorly; posterior endophallic sclerites long, slender, distally hooked, wide at base, connected by a broad, triangular bridge. Female ninth sternum (Fig. 12) well sclerotized, with three distinct areas.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
Color (in 80% ethyl alcohol). Body creamy with brown areas as indicated below (Fig. 6). Head with a wide brown band from each compound eye to epistomal sulcus, enclosing the antennal fossae (Fig. 9). Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents, forming a triangular ocellar group. Vertex creamy, with brown irregular spots on both sides of epicranial suture and next to each compound eye. Postclypeus with diagonal slender striae. Anteclypeus and labrum pale brown. Genae creamy. Antennae: scape brown, pedicel and first flagellomere pale brown, rest of flagellomeres brown. Mx 1-2 creamy white, Mx 3 brown, Mx 4 brown, with apical third dark brown. Tergal lobes of meso- and metathorax brown, mesothoracic pleura dark brown, pro- and metathoracic pleura creamy white, with brown spots. Legs: coxa and trochanter of fore- and mid legs brown; coxa and trochanter of 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="69" start="start">hind</pageBreakToken>
leg creamy white, femur of fore- and mid legs with proximal halves brown, distal halves creamy white; femur of hind leg creamy white, with a brown apical band; tibiae of all legs brown, distally darker; tarsomere 1 of all legs brown, tarsomeres 2-3 of all legs dark brown. Forewings hyaline, with a marginal brown band as illustrated (Fig. 8); 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="70" start="start">pterostigma</pageBreakToken>
dark brown, except for a hyaline central area, with brown specks. Hindwings almost hyaline (Fig. 8), vein R 2+3 and branches of M with a brown distal spot. Abdomen creamy (Fig. 6), with brown irregular spots, subgenital plate creamy, middle area hyaline, sides pale brown; gonapophyses brown, IX sternum brown, epiproct and paraprocts creamy white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Morphology. As in diagnosis, plus the following: outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with 8-9 denticles. Forewings with pterostigma elongate, widest in the middle; vein M with six branches, the last one distally forked; areola postica tall, apically rounded (Fig. 8). Hindwing M with 3-4 branches (Fig. 8). Subgenital plate broad, posteriorly rounded, setae as illustrated (Fig. 11). Gonapophyses (Fig. 12): v1 long, slender, with inner edge more sclerotized, distally acuminate; v2+3 anteriorly heeled, with a group of 6-8 setae on side lobe; distal process long, sinuous, distally acuminate, with a field of minute setae. IX sternum well sclerotized, broadly nut shaped, with three transverse lobes, and well defined borders, as illustrated (Fig. 12). Paraprocts oval, with setae as illustrated (without distally dilated macrosetae); sensory fields with 28 trichobothria on basal rosettes (Fig. 10). Epiproct wide based, broadly triangular, posteriorly rounded, setose as illustrated (Fig. 10).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
Figures 6-7. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura tuluaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuluaensis">Loneura tuluaensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Side view 6 female 7 male. Scale in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
Figures 8-12. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura tuluaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuluaensis">Loneura tuluaensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. female 8 Forewing and Hindwing 9 Front view of head 10 Paraprocts and epiproct 11 Subgenital plate 12 Gonapophyses and ninth sternum. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="measurements">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">FW: 6025, HW: 4100, F: 1400, T: 2375, t1: 1000, t2: 112, t3: 150, ctt1: 29, f1: 1100, f2: 1125, f3: 975, f4: 962, Mx4: 350, IO: 650, D: 370, d: 480, IO/d: 1.35, PO: 1.29.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Color. (in 80% ethyl alcohol). As in the female (Fig. 7), hypandrium yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Morphology. As in diagnosis, plus the following: outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with nine denticles. Forewings as in the female (Fig. 13). Vein M mostly with six branches, often asymmetrical as in the females (6-6, 6-5, 5-6, or 6-7, for right and left forewings respectively), the last branch forked. Hindwing M four branched, often asymetrical (4-3, 4-4, 5-4, for right and left hindwings respectively). Paraprocts broadly triangular, setae as illustrated (Fig. 15), sensory fields with 30 trichobothria on basal rosettes (Fig. 15). Epiproct broadly triangular, wide based, rounded posteriorly, with setae as illustrated (Fig. 15).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
Figures 13-17. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura tuluaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuluaensis">Loneura tuluaensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. male 13 Forewing and Hindwing 14 Front view of head 15 Paraprocts and epiproct 16 Hypandrium. 17 Phallosome. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Measurements. FW: 5350, HW: 3675, F: 1350, T: 2300, t1: 962, t2: 100, t3: 150, ctt1: 31, f1: 1050, f2: 1100, f3: 950, f4: 800, Mx4: 337, IO: 590, D: 400, d: 530, IO/d: 1.11, PO: 1.3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">The two species here described are regarded as sister species based on their similarities in forewing pigmentation pattern, shape of the pterostigma, structure of the hypandrium (constituted of five sclerites, the large central one with two pairs of posterior projections), and on the phallosomes built on the same structural plan (Y-shaped anteriorly, anterior pair of endophallic sclerites bow-shaped, basally wide, and posterior pair of endophallic sclerites slender, distally hooked, anteriorly connected by a broadly triangular bridge).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
The morphology of the hypandrium and phallosome outlined above impose modifications on Group II, of the infrageneric groups within 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
, proposed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia Aldrete, AN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="55 - 62" title="Three new species of Loneura (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae) from Gorgona Island, Cauca, Colombia, with a new infrageneric classification." volume="3050" year="2011 b">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Aldrete et al. 2011b
</bibRefCitation>
, as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="71" start="start">Group</pageBreakToken>
II. Hypandrium consisting of five sclerites, an anterior and a posterior pair, flanking a large central sclerite (Figs 4, 16, 18, 20). Phallosome with external parameres elongate, distally rounded, bearing pores; two pairs of endophallic sclerites, the posterior pair joined proximally by a sclerotized bridge.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
Figures 18-21. Hypandrium and phallosome 18, 19 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura jinotegaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinotegaensis">Loneura jinotegaensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Aldrete 20, 21 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura mirandaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandaensis">Loneura mirandaensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Aldrete. Scales in mm. (Abbreviations: ep, external parameres; aes, anterior endophallic sclerites; pes, posterior endophallic sclerites; br, bridge; st, side struts; phb, phallobase).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
Subgroup II a. Anterior side sclerites of hypandrium elongate, posterior side sclerites wide based, elongate, distally acuminate (Figs 18, 20); central sclerite with 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="72" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
median posterior projection, flanked by tufts of macrosetae. Phallosome with external parameres stout, distinctly curved, spoon-shaped; posterior pair of endophallic sclerites curved, acuminate; anterior pair of endophallic sclerites with proximal halves slender, curved, distal halves stout, quadrangular, with a row of blunt teeth along inner edge (Figs 19, 21). Species included: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura jinotegaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinotegaensis">Loneura jinotegaensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Aldrete (Nicaragua), 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura mirandaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandaensis">Loneura mirandaensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Aldrete (Venezuela).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
Subgroup II b. Anterior side sclerites of hypandrium elongate, posterior side sclerites small, rounded (Figs 4, 16). Central sclerite with four posterior projections, two large on sides, and two small median ones (Figs 4, 16). Phallosome Y-shaped anteriorly, external parameres elongate, distally rounded; anterior pair of endophallic sclerites wide based, bow-shaped, posterior pair of endophallic sclerites slender, distally hooked (Figs 5, 17). Species included: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura andina" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">Loneura andina</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
, Mendivil &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
(Colombia), 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura tuluaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuluaensis">Loneura tuluaensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
, Mendivil &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
(Colombia).
</paragraph>
<subSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="key to males of loneura group ii species">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
Key to males of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
Group II species
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Figs 18, 20Figs 19, 21</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Figs 416Figs 517</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 18Fig. 19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura jinotegaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinotegaensis">Loneura jinotegaensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 20Fig. 21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura mirandaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandaensis">Loneura mirandaensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura andina" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">Loneura andina</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura tuluaensis" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuluaensis">Loneura tuluaensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
presently includes 46 species, 22 of them undescribed; 21 of the undescribed species are available for study in our collections. Examination of 40 species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
, allows us to assert that the following characters are important in distinguishing among the species in the genus:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1. Head pigmentation pattern.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2. Fourth segment of maxillary palps: unpigmented, pigmented throughout or only distally pigmented.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">3. Forewings: pattern of pigmentation, number of branches of vein M, branches of M simple or forked.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4. Forewing pterostigma: general shape, pattern of pigmentation or absence of it.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">5. Forewing areola postica: general shape.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="73" start="start">6</pageBreakToken>
. Hindwing: pattern of pigmentation, number of branches of vein M.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">7. Legs: pigmentation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">8. Hypandrium: number of sclerites, shape of side sclerites, shape of central sclerite, presence or absence of distinct groups of setae in it, number, position, shape and size of posterior projections.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">9. Phallosome: Shape of anterior half, shape and size of external parameres, structure of the anterior and posterior pairs of endophallic sclerites.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">10. Female subgenital plate: general shape, setal field, size and shape of side pigmented areas.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">11. Ninth sternum: general shape, texture, pigmentation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">12. Gonapophyses: general shape of v1 and v2+3, number and position of setae on v2 lobe, size and shape of v2+3 heel, shape of v2+3 posterior process.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
Table 1 presents the geographic distribution of the species known in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
. The species display a high level of endemism: of the eight Central American species, only two are shared with Mexico and none are shared with South America; of the 28 South American species, one is shared between Bolivia and Argentina, one is shared by Ecuador and Peru, and one is shared by Colombia and Venezuela, the rest are only known in their respective countries, probably a result of insufficient collecting in some areas.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
Table 1. Geographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Area</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Country</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">No. of species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Endemics</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">25</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
The species here described raise to 11 the species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
known in Colombia, four of them still undescribed (cf. 
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia Aldrete, AN" journalOrPublisher="Dugesiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="35 - 37" title="A new Loneura from Colombia, and Colombian records of L. mirandaensis Garcia Aldrete, and Loneuroides venezolanus Garcia Aldrete (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae)." volume="18" year="2011 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Aldrete et al. 2011a
</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia Aldrete, AN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="55 - 62" title="Three new species of Loneura (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae) from Gorgona Island, Cauca, Colombia, with a new infrageneric classification." volume="3050" year="2011 b">, b</bibRefCitation>
. Ten of the Colombian species are known only from Valle del Cauca (7 species) and from Gorgona Island (3 species), which account for less than 2% of the Colombian territory. Species richness 
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="74" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
Colombian 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptiloneuridae" genus="Loneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loneura" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loneura</taxonomicName>
is likely much greater than currently documented. Ten additional species are known to occur in Brazil (
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="74">Moreira de Castro 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>