190 lines
19 KiB
XML
190 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="B2E9B71C5F0952BD6FDBF90979F5716B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6FCC5C51E6654E4A5D124847F943892E">
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<mods:title id="D90A797C57C469DDCF8723E2CF7C697B">Natalidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CE3DD4867F8604545EB1F81E57E9BF8">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09F439F39F1BB471DB9F4BE4AFD73E1F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F5AE26FAE4DABA959B573EB246EDB4C8">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="0EC12A3291E8C1F27BBA52B4A48BD6C5" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="58D2A3F6ECD0DDE28DEACB230390A367">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="31142A364344ABE41E040A5AFE46D9E0">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F01410EACE1E11606D65B6647958BBE7">
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<mods:title id="C54D2B07439210CC18DE074EC07A0D9A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="8F001D88E808D9E295690F426783EF54" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="290787FFFFA71870FF0B9FF2E2B33232" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196425116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6811069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:290787FFFFA71870FF0B9FF2E2B33232" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/290787FFFFA71870FF0B9FF2E2B33232" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FF0B9FF2EBA93E33" blockId="3.[175,1258,2807,2972]" box="[177,210,2807,2853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="FA598185FFA71870FF0B9FF2EBA93E33" box="[177,210,2807,2853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<figureCitation id="39952A6CFFA71870FF0B9FF2EBA93E33" box="[177,210,2807,2853]" captionStart="Plate 45: Natalidae" captionStartId="2.[143,173,3383,3408]" captionTargetBox="[14,2802,14,3656]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Gervais’s Funnel-eared Bat (Nyctiellus lepidus), 2. Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (Chalonatalus micropus), 3. Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (Chilonatalus macer), 4. Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (Chilonatalus tumaidifrons), 5. Cuban Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus primus), 6. Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus jamaicensis), 7. Hispaniolan Greater Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus major), 8. Woolly Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus lanatus), 9. Mexican Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus mexicanus), 10. Trinidadian Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus tumidirostris), 11. Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus stramineus), 12. Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat (Natalus macrourus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6811132/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FF599FF2E8BC3E33" box="[227,967,2807,2853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FF599FF2E8BC3E33" blockId="3.[175,1258,2807,2972]" box="[227,967,2807,2853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="FA598185FFA71870FF599FF2E8BC3E33" box="[227,967,2807,2853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA71870FF599FF2E8BC3E33" box="[227,967,2807,2853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FF0C9E1AE9E93E5B" box="[182,658,2847,2893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FF0C9E1AE9E93E5B" blockId="3.[175,1258,2807,2972]" box="[182,658,2847,2893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="FA598185FFA71870FF0C9E1AE9E93E5B" box="[182,658,2847,2893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<taxonomicName id="66AE4D6AFFA71870FF0C9E1AE9E93E5B" ID-CoL="5Y4PR" authority="G. S. Miller, 1903" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1903" box="[182,658,2847,2893]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Chilonatalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumidifrons">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FF0C9E1AE9E93E5B" box="[182,658,2847,2893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Chilonatalus tumidifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FF0B9E5AEF653E8A" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FF0B9E5AEF923E62" blockId="3.[175,1258,2807,2972]" box="[177,1257,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="FA598185FFA71870FF0B9E5AEF923E62" box="[177,1257,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FF0B9E5AEB873E62" bold="true" box="[177,252,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA71870FEBC9E5AEA9E3E62" box="[262,485,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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Natalide des
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<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA71870FE319E5AEA9E3E62" box="[395,485,2911,2932]" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FE409E5AE92E3E62" bold="true" box="[506,597,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA71870FDE59E5AE8013E62" box="[607,890,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Kleines Bahamas-Trichterohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FC349E5AE8923E62" bold="true" box="[910,1001,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA71870FC4E9E5AEF923E62" box="[1012,1257,2911,2932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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Natalido de las
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<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA71870FB359E5AEF923E62" box="[1167,1257,2911,2932]" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FF0A9E82EF653E8A" blockId="3.[175,1258,2807,2972]" box="[176,1054,2951,2972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="FA598185FFA71870FF0A9E82EF653E8A" box="[176,1054,2951,2972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FF0A9E82EAD33E8A" bold="true" box="[176,424,2951,2972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA71870FE089E82E9BB3E8A" box="[434,704,2951,2972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahaman Funnel-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="2FAD46C7FFA71870FD749E82EF653E8A" box="[718,1054,2951,2972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahamian Least Funnel-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FCAF9ECBE8BB3904" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FCAF9ECBE8BB3904" blockId="3.[771,1381,3022,3445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FCAF9ECBE8CB3EFD" bold="true" box="[789,944,3022,3051]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="66AE4D6AFFA71870FC7C9ECBE8C73904" ID-CoL="5Y4PR" authority="G. S. Miller, 1903" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Chilonatalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumidifrons">Chilonatalus tumidifrons G. S. Miller, 1903</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FC769EFCEF2D392C" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FC769EFCEF2D392C" blockId="3.[771,1381,3022,3445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<materialsCitation id="11C63CB4FFA71870FC769EFCEF2D392C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3855913310" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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“Watlings Island [= San
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<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA71870FAA29EFCE8D7392C" name="Salvador Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Salvador Island</collectingCountry>
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],
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<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA71870FC7F9918EF3C392C" box="[965,1095,3101,3130]" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FCAF993AEF043976" box="[789,1151,3135,3168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FCAF993AEF043976" blockId="3.[771,1381,3022,3445]" box="[789,1151,3135,3168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FCAF996AEF4739A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="distribution">
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<caption id="F5D16661FFA71870FCAF996AEF4739A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6811106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6811106/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" targetBox="[173,765,3030,3444]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FCAF996AEF4739A6" blockId="3.[771,1381,3022,3445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FCAF996AE8BE399E" bold="true" box="[789,965,3183,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA71870FC64996AEF20399E" box="[990,1115,3183,3208]" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="636AF80BFFA71870FBC4996AEFA2399E" box="[1150,1241,3183,3208]" country="Bahamas" name="South Abaco" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Abaco</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="636AF80BFFA71870FB4F996AEE26399E" box="[1269,1373,3183,3208]" country="Bahamas" name="South Andros" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Andros</collectingRegion>
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, and San Salvador Is).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FCAF99BFEC3937BA" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FCAF99BFEC3937BA" blockId="3.[771,1381,3022,3445]" lastBlockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FCAF99BFEF6639C1" bold="true" box="[789,1053,3258,3287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Ear 14-7-17-2 mm, forearm 31-7-36 mm (males) and 32.8-35-2 mm (females); weight 3-3-5 g (males) and
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<quantity id="66569B0CFFA71870FC7C9822E8963852" box="[966,1005,3367,3396]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" unit="g" value="3.0">3 g</quantity>
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(females). Pelage is dense, long, light brown to orange-brown,lighter dorsally, and bicolored, with tips darker than bases. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upperlip. It has dermal outgrowths around mouth and relatively large skull. Ears are broad and square-shaped, with vestigial 2-3 ear pleats, straight anterior and lateral margins, and relatively rounded apex. Natalid organ of males is melon-shaped, up to one-half the length of skull, and covering one-half of dorsum of rostrum and forehead. Wings are broad and relatively pointed, inserting to tibia at its proximal one-half. Free edge of uropatagium has fine fringe of hairs. Rostrum is long and narrow, and braincase is inflated, rising gradually from rostrum. Crown of second premolar is about as high as that of third premolar. Skull constriction between orbits is relatively narrow, ridge between basisphenoid furrows is wide, and second premolar is crowded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA1497B3E2653634" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA1497B3E2653634" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA1497B3ED6637C5" bold="true" box="[1454,1565,694,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Only semideciduous forest habitats near sea level. The Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat roosts in small to large caves, usually in areas near open water sources but also in drier sections. Roost-site temperatures are 23—-24°C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA14962CE3843667" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA14962CE3843667" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA14962CEDCD365C" bold="true" box="[1454,1718,809,842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but the Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is certainly insectivorous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA149672E26A3120" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA149672E26A3120" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA149672ED4F368E" bold="true" box="[1454,1588,887,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Male-only roosting groups of Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bats have been found in July. If sexes segregate during reproduction as in other natalids, this suggests that lactation takes place in July. Males have extremely short penises (1-2-3 mm) relative to other natalids and conversely very large natalid organs. For this reason, it has been speculated that mating system involves lekking behavior.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA169139ED3531C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA169139ED3531C5" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA169139EDE3314B" bold="true" box="[1452,1688,1084,1117]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is nocturnal. Foraging activity begins around sunset, with emergence lasting c.30 minutes. Its broad wings and large tail membranes suggest it flies very slowly, having been compared to that of a large moth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA1791DBE3A330FE" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA1791DBE3A330FE" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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||
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA1791DBE31231ED" bold="true" box="[1453,2153,1246,1275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Roosting groups of Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bats can switch between roosting caves located
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<quantity id="66569B0CFFA71870F6839004E2003034" box="[2361,2427,1281,1314]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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apart on a daily basis. They can share caves with larger bats, such as the Buffy Flower Bat (Erophylla sezekorni), Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macrotus waterhousii), and the Big Brown Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="66AE4D6AFFA71870FA03907DED54308F" box="[1465,1583,1400,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
fuscus), but they roost away from them and in low areas under shelves or ledges. A colony of ¢.300 Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bats on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="636AF80BFFA71870F6FC909AE2E430D6" box="[2374,2463,1439,1472]" country="Bahamas" name="South Abaco" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Abaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
abandoned a cave entirely when 100-200 Bufty Flower Bats occupied it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA1490EBE22B33EA" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA1490EBE22B33EA" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
|
||
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA1490EBEC683319" bold="true" box="[1454,1811,1518,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is known only from twelve localities, of which eight are caves. It has been found in groups ranging from less than ten to more than 500 individuals. Its only large population might be on San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9B97679FFA71870F7729360E2D83390" box="[2248,2467,1637,1670]" name="Salvador Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Salvador Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, given the island’s high abundance of small, non-surveyed caves that potentially harbor colonies. On Abaco, it is known from two caves, and on Andros, it is known only from Bat Cave where many individuals have been observed swarming out to feed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9B46562FFA71870FA14920EE2B33232" box="[1454,2504,1803,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="A11136E9FFA71870FA14920EE2B33232" blockId="3.[1452,2663,296,1832]" box="[1454,2504,1803,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
|
||
<emphasis id="93DAEAFBFFA71870FA14920EED3C3232" bold="true" box="[1454,1607,1803,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen (1905), Miller (1903, 1905), Ottenwalder & Genoways (1982), Tejedor (2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |